Introduction to Caulks & Sealants. Ensuring Envelope Integrity with Joint Sealants

Transcription

1 Introduction to Caulks & Sealants Ensuring Envelope Integrity with Joint Sealants

2 Introduction to Caulks and Sealants Program ID 0SEAL1 BASF is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-aia members are available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. 2

3 Course Description Program ID 0SEAL1 In this course you will learn proper and sealant joint safe, proper and safe sealant application procedures, be able to recognize and understand causes for sealant problems, and compare and contrast different sealant types. 3

4 Learning Objectives Program ID 0SEAL1 Discuss the role of sealants in protecting buildings Review the key functions and properties of joint sealants Discuss the types of joints and proper sealant joint design Illustrate proper application procedures Understand various sealant technologies 4

5 Course Outline Program ID 0SEAL1 Sealants Sealant fundamentals Joint design Installation Sealant technologies 5

6 Role of Joint Sealants Ensuring Envelope Integrity

7 Role of Joint Sealants What are sealants? Materials used to seals cracks and openings within a structure Oldest referenced use: Noah 1467 BC Phoenician boat builders Tar and pitch used for centuries Oakum rope used for caulking Vegetable, animal oils 7

8 Role of Joint Sealants How do sealants protect structures? Primary role of a sealant is to prevent the passage of air and water, accommodate differential movement Stick Move Last 8

9 Role of Joint Sealants How do sealants protect structures? Stick Adhere to a variety of substrates Adhere in a variety of conditions Adhere to a joint that is manufactured on site Last Withstand environmental conditions Continue to accommodate movement over time Maintain its physical properties Move Accommodate differential thermal expansion rate of multiple materials Move in a wide range of service conditions and temperatures 9

10 Role of Joint Sealants Why should you care about sealants? Deterioration of substrate Deterioration of reinforcing, anchors Moisture ingress Damaged interior finishes, contents Mold Loss of use Sealants play a vital role in protecting buildings 10

11 While representing only a minor portion of the exterior and a relatively small expense, the closure between different components of a wall is critical. One of the most important achievements for watertight exteriors was there the development of elastomeric sealants, many of which were initially introduced in the 1950 s. Preservation of Modern Architecture, Thomas Prudon, FAIA 11/16/201 11

12 Sealant Fundamentals

13 Sealant Fundamentals Industry terms and performance attributes Elongation Measurement of sealant in extension (similar to stretching a rubber band) Ultimate elongation is stretching the sealant until it breaks Modulus is also measured in elongation This photo shows a sealant in extension during testing 13

14 Sealant Fundamentals Industry terms and performance attributes Modulus The stress when exposed to a corresponding strain (elongation) High Modulus = high stress with long elongation Low Modulus = low stress with high elongation 14

15 Sealant Fundamentals Industry terms and performance attributes Movement Capability The ability of a cured sealant to handle repeated cycles of both extension and compression Usually described as ±% 15

16 Sealant Fundamentals Sealant Function Caulks Prevent passage of air Aesthetics Sealants Prevent passage of air and water Aesthetics Accommodate differential movement Structural integrity Fire and smoke barrier 16

17 Joint Design

18 Joint Design Types of joints Two types of joints Fixed (static) Moving (dynamic) 18

19 Joint Design Fixed joints Fixed Joints Metal to metal joinery Any two substrate components secured with fixed anchors of fasteners so as to prevent the joint from increasing or decreasing in size Fixed Metal Panel Joint with Exposed Fasteners 19

20 Joint Design Moving joints Moving Joints Two adjacent building components not physically connected Expansion Joint in a stadium Two adjacent building components physically connected with slip joints, seismic joints or with load anchors The width of the joint will increase or decrease in size Expansion Joint in brick wall 20

21 Joint Design Common configurations Butt Joints Fillet (cove) Joint Bridge Joint 21

22 Joint Design Common configurations Butt Joints A joint where two substrates, either similar or dissimilar abut each other with a sufficient space in between for a backer rod 22

23 Joint Design Common configurations Bridge Joints When a new sealant joint is installed over an existing joint Used in restoration application when the existing sealant is not moved Covers metal to metal joints 23

24 Joint Design Common configurations Fillet Joints Also known as cover beads or inside corner beads Occur at changes in plane, i.e. a 90º angle Most common reason: construction tolerances don t allow for a butt joint Application: windows in a brick wall Fillet joint between window frame perimeter and brick veneer 24

25 Joint Design Common configurations Fillet Joint - type 2 Fillet Joint - type 1 Fillet Joint - type 3 25

26 Joint Design Bond breakers/joint backing Joint Backing Controls sealant depth Prevents 3-sided adhesion Provides a base for tooling 26

27 Joint Design Bond breakers/joint backing Joint Backing Types Closed cell Open cell Hybrid (soft cell) Joint filler Bond breaker tapes 27

28 Joint Design Bond breakers/joint backing Correct use of backer-rod in joint Incorrect use of backer-rod in joint 28

29 Joint Design Bond breakers/joint backing Joints without Bond breaker 29

30 Joint Design Joint dimensions Min/Max Joint Depth Min Joint Depth = ¼ Max Joint Depth = ½ Max Joint Width = 3 Min Joint Width = 1/4 30

31 Joint Design Influences on join movement Measuring Joint Movement Joint Movement is measured in fractions of an inch and expressed as % change A joint caulked at the lowest temperature will ALWAYS experience compression A joint caulked at the highest temperature will ALWAYS experience extension You need to allow for either possibility 31

32 Joint Design Influences on join movement Coefficient of Linear Expansion Rate of expansion over temperature change Unique for each material Available in standardized tables 32

33 Joint Design Influences on join movement Coefficient of Linear Expansion Movement per inch per 100F change Granite Plexiglas Lexan Glass Aluminum Lightw eight Structural Concrete Gravel Aggregate Concrete Precast Concrete Movement per inch per 100F change

34 Sealant Installation

35 Sealant Installation Topics Sealant Installation Surface Preparation Mixing Installation 35

36 Sealant Installation Surface preparation Why is surface preparation so important? Most critical factor in sealant installation Most common cause of failure Consistency in performance Ensure proper adhesion Minimize rework and call backs Longer lifecycle for the sealant and the building 36

37 Sealant Installation Surface preparation The objective of preparing a surface for a sealant is: Clean the surface Provide a dry bonding surface Leave a sound bonding surface Ensure proper adhesion Provide a surface free of dust, oil and other contaminants 37

38 Sealant Installation Surface preparation Mechanical methods Wire brushing Sand blasting Grinding Sawing 38

39 Sealant Installation Surface preparation Solvent wiping Use clean solvent Xylene, Xylol, MEK, Toluene or Acetone Clean, white, cotton rags Pour solvent onto rag Can use brush on concrete Never use alcohol with urethanes 39

40 Sealant Installation Surface Preparation Compressed air Removes any dust or debris from joint (Oil and water free) 40

41 Sealant Installation Sealant priming Prime all joints with the appropriate primer as recommended by the sealant manufacturer Primer Benefits Cheap insurance Maximizes adhesion Prolongs joint and building life Primer use Different primers for various substances Porous primer (masonry) Non-porous primer (metal) 41

42 Sealant Installation Sealant priming Proper primer application with brush Prime only sides of joint Primer outside the joint may stain the substrate Prime and seal the same day 42

43 Sealant Installation Equipment Cartridge gun - Used for sealant cartridges Bulk gun Used for sealant sausages or propaks 43

44 Sealant Installation Mixing multi-component 44

45 Sealant Installation Tooling Tooling Maximizes adhesion Gives hourglass shape to joint Creates neat appearance 45

46 Sealant Installation Technique 46

47 Sealant Installation Adhesion testing Confirming tests can be performed onsite Destructive and non-destructive testing 47

48 Sealant Installation Adhesion testing Dowel Field Test (Non destructive) 48

49 Sealant Installation Adhesion testing Always test for adhesion Test actual substrates onsite Document locations and times ASTM C1521 (Destructive Test) 49

50 Sealant Installation Mock-ups Sealant mock up evaluated for color Sealant mock up evaluated for adhesion 50

51 Sealant Installation Mock-ups Jobsite mockup for use as a standard of practice and workmanship Sophisticated construction lab mockups Use the same crew that will work the job Don t wait until the last minute 51

52 Sealant Technologies

53 Sealant Technologies Elastomeric Joint Sealant Types Polyurethane Silicone Hybrids 53

54 Sealant Technologies Polyurethane Polyurethane Movement, generally +/-25%, some +/-50% Good adhesion to porous surfaces Low price Unlimited colors Non-staining Good abrasion resistance 54

55 Sealant Technologies Silicone Silicone Good elongation, +100%,-50% Versatile glazing sealant, including structural Colors available 55

56 Sealant Technologies Hybrid: Silyl-Terminated Polymers Silyl-Terminated Polymers Good elongation, movement up to +100%,-50% Most versatile sealant Durability, 20 years+ 10 year warranties Unlimited colors Non-staining Paintable 56

57 Sealant Technologies Considerations Matching the sealant to the application Movement, high or low? Short or long lifecycle of building? Color an issue? Chemical resistance needed? Will the building be painted? Is staining a concern? Underwater application? 57

58 Sealant Technology Product Silicone Polyurethane STPU STPE Chemistry -Backbone -Curing Silicone Silicone PU PU PU Silicone Polyether Silicone Cure Rate Fast Moderate Fast Fast Movement Excellent Fair Excellent Good Paint Adhesion Poor Good Good Good Longevity Excellent Fair Good Good Staining Poor Good Good Good Adhesion -Concrete -Metal Fair Excellent Good Fair Good Excellent Fair Excellent Reparability Poor Good Good Good Abrasion Resistance Poor Excellent Good Good 58

59 Defining needs, arriving at an appropriate solution, and specifying the right materials and techniques can become a complex technical exercise. More importantly, application and installation continue to require a great deal of care to arrive at the desired performance and longevity. Preservation of Modern Architecture, Thomas Prudon, FAIA 11/16/201 59

60 Introduction to Caulks & Sealants Summary A sealant should prevent the passage of air and or water, and should accommodate movement of the substrates in the area of the sealant joint and it should adhere to the substrate or substrates to which it is applied. There are various physical attributes such as elongation and movement capability which effect overall sealant performance. While there are various types of joints, the sealant used in these applications must be installed properly to insure long term performance. The type of sealant used on a project is determined by many factors such as anticipated movement, type of substrate, projected life cycle, chemical resistance, and other environmental conditions. 60

61 AIA/CES Credit This concludes the CES portion of the program. Credit earned during this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificate of Completion is available on request.

62 11/16/201 62

63 BASF Sales Team BASF Construction Systems US and Canadian Technical Sales Team High caliber, knowledgeable construction professionals 80 Field Sales People Common backgrounds: Contracting Engineering Distribution 63

64 Capabilities & Services BASF Construction Systems Services Mock-ups Color Matching Guide Specifications Dedicated sector specialist Technical Support Preconstruction meetings Adhesion and material testing Specification review Applicator training programs Innovation Unique details Special applications New product development

65 Industry Commitment BASF Construction Systems Committed professionals Industry involvement Its what we value 65