BRE: Behaviour of thermal rehabilitated façades in case of fire
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1 BRE: Behaviour of thermal rehabilitated façades in case of fire Octavian Lalu PhD Fire Safety Group Part of the BRE Trust
2 Presentation structure Types of façade systems Examples of fires involving combustible insulation materials Design recommendations Experimental research medium scale, large scale and modelling Conclusions
3 Types of façade systems Ventilated façade composite systems Execution detail Reduced time of execution Aesthetic system, which does not bring considerable load to on the structure
4 Types of façade systems External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) Execution detail Over 5000 building rehabilitated in Bucharest No studies on fire behaviour
5 Examples of fire involving combustible insulation materials
6 Examples of fires involving combustible façades Office Building, Bucharest 2009 Millennium Business Centre 72 m height
7 Examples of fires involving combustible façades Block of flats, Romania 2012 Vertical fire spread Burning droplets Façade system after fire
8 Examples of fires involving combustible façades Block of flats, Hungary 2009 Façade system after fire
9 Fire examples Block of flats, South Korea 2015
10 Fire examples High rise buildings Tamweel Tower 2012 Al Tayer Tower 2012 Address Downtown Hotel 2016
11 Fire examples Residential building, Russia 2014 Experimental work
12 Design recommendations
13 Design recommendations Design recommendations in Romania Horizontal barriers A2-s1,d0 Barriers around windows A2-s1,d0
14 Design recommendations Design recommendations in Germany
15 Design recommendations Design recommendations proposed by VTT Finland Installation on facades Experimental research
16 Large Scale Standard Testing LEPIR II Large Scale test BS 8414 Large Scale test
17 Experimental research medium scale, large scale and modelling
18 Experimental Research - Medium Scale Tests System I ETICS, no fire barrier System II ETICS with fire barrier, d = 30 cm d = 30 cm
19 Experimental Research - Medium Scale Tests System III ETICS, with fire barrier, d = 50 cm System IV ETICS with fire barrier, d = 30 cm d = 50 cm d = 30 cm
20 Experimental Research - Medium Scale Tests System V ETICS, with System VI ETICS with composite composite fire barrier, d = 50 cm fire barrier, d = 50 cm d = 50 cm d = 50 cm
21 Experimental Research Medium Scale Tests System I System II System III
22 Experimental Research Medium Scale Tests System IV System V System VI
23 Experimental Research Medium Scale Tests System I System III System IV System II 35 cm 35 cm 50 cm 50 cm 35 cm 38 cm
24 Experimental Research Medium Scale Tests System V System VI 100cm Composite fire barrier Composite fire barrier System II 50cm 50cm 50cm 50cm 37cm 35cm
25 Experimental Research Large Scale Test Compartment layout
26 Experimental Research Large Scale Test ETICS with composite fire barriers
27 Experimental Research Large Scale Test Fire load distribution
28 Experimental Research Large Scale Test The fire is limited by the oxygen level min 16,5 / t=990s Ventilation procedure development phase min 23,5 / t=1410s
29 Large Scale Experimental Research Flashover at min 29 / t=1740s Fully developed phase min 32,5 / t=1950s
30 Large Scale Experimental Research Cooling phase min 70,5 / t=4320s Modele parametrice de temperatura-timp Temperatura [ o C] EC1 Ma&Makelainen Lie BFD Barnett Experimental Ma&Makelainen adaptat Timp [min]
31 Large Scale Experimental Research Cooling phase min 57,5 / t=3450s Cooling phase min 70,5 / t=4320s
32 Large Scale Experimental Research
33 Large Scale Experimental Research - results 1200 Modele parametrice de temperatura-timp 1000 Temperatura [ o C] EC1 Ma&Makelainen Lie BFD Barnett Experimental Ma&Makelainen adaptat Timp [min] min 38 / t=2280s min 42,5 / t=2550s
34 Large Scale Experimental Research Post-fire analysis
35 Large Scale Experimental Research Post-fire analysis Second floor First floor
36 Conclusions
37 Conclusions The use of combustible materials in the façades systems of tall building represents an increase risk of fire spread Real behaviour of façades can be determined only through large-scale testing There is a need of harmonised European large-scale testing method for façade systems The risk of vertical fire spread on façades can be reduced by appropriate design solutions fire barriers A new design composite fire barrier has been tested and the results shown that it has the potential to reduce vertical fire spread
38 Thank you for your attention! Part of the BRE Trust QUESTIONS
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