Firewall (construction) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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1 페이지 1 / 5 Firewall (construction) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A firewall is a fireproof barrier used to prevent the spread of fire between or through buildings, structures, electrical substation transformers, or within an aircraft or vehicle. Contents 1 Applications 2 Types 3 Characteristics 4 Performance based design 5 Firewalls outside of building construction 6 Notes 7 See also 8 External links Firewall residential construction, separating the building into two separate residential units, and fire areas. Firewall, as seen on the inside of a newly constructed townhouse unit, showing how the firewall goes past the roofline. Example of a firewall (tested, not listed or certified by Southwest Research Institute) used to inhibit the spread of a fire at an electrical substation. Applications Firewalls can be used to subdivide a building into separate fire areas and are located in accordance with the locally applicable building code. Firewalls are a portion of a building's passive fire protection systems. Firewalls can be used to separate high value transformers at an electrical substation in the event of a mineral oil tank rupture and ignition. The firewall serves as a fire containment wall between one oil-filled transformer and other neighboring transformers, building structures, and site equipment. Types There are three main classifications of fire wall: firewalls, fire barrier walls, and high challenge firewalls. To the layperson, the common use of language typically includes all three when referring to a firewall unless distinguishing between them is necessary.

2 페이지 2 / 5 A firewall is a wall separating transformers, structures, or buildings or a wall subdividing a building to prevent the spread of fire and having a fire resistance rating and independent structural stability. [1] A fire barrier wall, also referred to as a fire partition, is a fire rated wall assembly which is not a fire wall. Typically, the main differences is that a fire barrier wall is not structurally self-sufficient, and does not extend through the roof, or necessarily to the underside of the floor above. [2] Fire barrier walls are continuous from an exterior wall to an exterior wall, or from a floor below to a floor or roof above, or from one fire barrier wall to another fire barrier wall, fire wall, or high challenge fire wall having a fire resistance rating of at least equal rating as required for the fire barrier wall. They are continuous through all concealed spaces (e.g., above a ceiling), but are not required to extend through concealed spaces if the construction assembly forming the bottom of the space has a fire resistance rating at least equal of the fire barrier wall. [3] A high challenge fire wall is a wall used to separate transformers, structures, or buildings or a wall subdividing a building with high fire challenge occupancies, having enhanced fire resistance ratings and enhanced appurtenance protection to prevent the spread of fire, and having structural stability. [4] Portions of structures that are subdivided by fire walls are permitted to be considered separate buildings, in that fire walls have sufficient structural stability to maintain the integrity of the wall in the event of the collapse of the building construction on either side of the wall. [5] A building under construction, showing the structurally independent cinderblock firewalls subdividing the building Building 4 of the Waynesboro Outlet Village, showing a concrete firewall running through the building Concrete firewalls still standing on Building 7 of the former Waynesboro Outlet Village, following a firefighter training exercise which intentionally burned the building Characteristics Fire rating - Fire walls are constructed in such a way as to achieve a code-determined fireresistance rating, thus forming part of a fire compartment's passive fire protection. Germany includes repeated impact force testing upon new fire wall systems. Other codes require impact resistance on a performance basis [6] Design loads Fire wall must withstand a minimum 5 lb./sq.ft., and additional seismic loads. [7] Substation Transformer Firewalls are typically free standing modular walls custom designed and engineered to meet application needs. Building Firewalls typically extend through the roof and terminate at a code-determined height above it. They are usually finished off on the top with flashing (sheet metal cap) for protection against the elements.

3 페이지 3 / 5 Materials Building and structural firewalls in North America are usually made of concrete, concrete blocks or reinforced concrete. Old walls, often built prior to World War II, will consist of brick. Fire barrier walls are typically constructed of drywall/gypsum board partitions. Penetrations Penetrations through fire walls, such as for pipes and cables, must be protected with a firestop assembly to prevent the spread of fire through the wall at this point. Penetrations (holes) must not imperil the structural integrity of the wall, such that the wall must be able to withstand a fire without threat of collapse. [8] Openings Openings in Fire walls, such as doors and windows, must be fire rated as fire door assemblies and fire window assemblies. [9] Performance based design Firewalls being used in different application may require different design and performance specifications. Knowing the potential conditions that may exist during a fire are critical to selecting and installing a firewall. For example, a firewall designed to meet National Fire Protection Agency, (NFPA), section A.5.7 which indicates an average temperature of 800 F, is not designed to withstand higher temperatures such as would be present in higher challenge fires, and as a result would fail in a time less than the wall rating. Performance based design takes into account the potential conditions during a fire. Understanding thermal limitations of materials is essential to using the correct material for the application. Firewalls outside of building construction Jeep Liberty firewall insulation Firewalls are also regularly found in aircraft and in specially prepared cars for compartmentalisation and competition use. For example, a typical conversion of a production car for rallying will include a metal firewall which The firewall in an automobile (indicated by the red line) seals the fuel tank off from the interior of the vehicle. In the event of an accident, resulting in fuel spillage, the firewall can prevent burning fuel from entering the passenger compartment, where it could cause serious injury or death. In regular stock cars, the firewall separates the engine compartment from the cabin and can, at times, contain fibreglass insulation. Automotive firewalls have to be fitted so that they form a complete seal. Usually this is done by bonding the sheet metal to the bodywork using fibreglass resin.

4 페이지 4 / 5 The term firewall is also commonly used by automotive mechanics to refer to the barrier between the passenger and engine compartments of a vehicle. The inner and outer surfaces of the firewall are often coated with NVH-absorber to prevent most engine noise from reaching the passenger compartment. Notes 1. ^ NFPA 221, Standard for High Challenge Fire Walls, Fire Walls, and Fire Barrier Walls, 2009 Edition, section , NFPA Fire Protection fotric Generating Plants and High Voltage DC Converter Stations 2010 Edition section ^ NFPA 221, Standard for High Challenge Fire Walls, Fire Walls, and Fire Barrier Walls, 2009 Edition, section ^ NFPA 221, Standard for High Challenge Fire Walls, Fire Walls, and Fire Barrier Walls, 2006 Edition, section ^ NFPA 221, Standard for High Challenge Fire Walls, Fire Walls, and Fire Barrier Walls, 2009 Edition, section , NFPA Fire Protection for Electric Generating Plants and High Voltage DC Converter Stations 2010 Edition section ^ NFPA 221, Standard for High Challenge Fire Walls, Fire Walls, and Fire Barrier Walls, 2006 Edition, section A ^ NFPA 221, Standard for High Challenge Fire Walls, Fire Walls, and Fire Barrier Walls, 2006 Edition, section ^ NFPA 221, Standard for High Challenge Fire Walls, Fire Walls, and Fire Barrier Walls, 2006 Edition, section ^ NFPA 221, Standard for High Challenge Fire Walls, Fire Walls, and Fire Barrier Walls, 2006 Edition, section ^ NFPA 221, Standard for High Challenge Fire Walls, Fire Walls, and Fire Barrier Walls, 2006 Edition, section See also Bulkhead Concrete Construction Compartmentalization (fire protection) Fire break Fire protection Fire door Fireproofing Fire-resistance rating Listing and approval use and compliance Occupancy Noise, vibration, and harshness External links Government of Northwest Territories: Fire Marshal Technical Bulletins Treatise on Firewalls ( FAA Regulation about firewalls in aircraft ( Government of Alberta, February 2008 Building Code Interpretation concerning Firewalls ( Retrieved from " &oldid= "

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