Massachusetts Energy Code Technical Support Initiative

Transcription

1 Massachusetts Energy Code Technical Support Initiative Overview of the Massachusetts Residential Energy Code SEMBOA May 11, 2017 These materials 2016 CLEAResult. All rights reserved. - Unauthorized access or use is strictly prohibited.

2 Codes and Standards Initiative - Sponsors

3 Mass Save Energy Code Technical Support Project Specific Code Assistance MA code officials Design professionals Contractors Sub contractors Material suppliers Toll-free energy code support Phone assistance Office visits Project site visits 3

4 Overview of Changes

5 2012 to 2015 IECC HVAC Changes R Return ducts in attic from R-6 to R-8 (>3" dia.) R New language for DHW re-circ systems R & R makes IECC, IRC and IPC consistent clarifies requirements if installed R Removes kitchen DHW ins requirement & generic ins requirement on long/large diameter pipes Adds pipe ins requirement on all ¾ pipe Adds demand control requirements for recirc systems that use cold water supply line to return to water tank R403.2 Adds requirement for outdoor reset control for HW boilers 5

6 MA Specific Modifications to 2015 IECC R202 Adds definitions for Clean Biomass stove and clean biomass heating system R401.2 Allows alternatives to HERS ERI HERS rating with MA amendments Certified Energy Star Homes, Version 3.1 Certified Passivehaus performance method R401.3 Requires certificate to have "Final" HERS index if HERS path chosen Table Reduces max fenestration U-factor from.32 to.30 6

7 MA Specific Modifications to 2015 IECC Specifies REScheck versions with U-factor alternative Duct leakage testing must be performed by HERS Rater, HERS Rating Field Inspector, BPI Professional R403.6 Mechanical Ventilation. Replaces IECC Reference with 3 alternative compliance paths Energy Star Homes v3.1 ASHRAE or Specific formulas for calculating ventilation rate R R Adds ventilation sections for: Verification, equipment selection, sound rating, documentation, and inlet/outlet configurations 7

8 MA Modifications to 2015 IECC R406.3 RESNET HERS approved approach in MA R406.4 ERI must be satisfied w/out credits for on site renewable electricity generation R406.4 & Table R increases max ERI for onsite renewables R406.5 Specifies certification requirements for individuals verifying ERI compliance R Adds exception allowing HERS index approach for additions 8

9 MA Stretch Code AA R-use buildings. In all R-use buildings of four stories or less above grade plane with one or more dwelling units, each dwelling unit shall comply with Section R406 (Energy Rating Index Compliance Method) AA104 Existing (residential) buildings For alterations, renovations, additions or repairs of existing buildings the energy efficiency requirements of the residential code shall be used. 9

10 Energy Use Due to Non-Compliance Building System 2012 IECC Stretch Code Lighting 3% 1% Ducts 4% 1% Air Leakage 3% <1% Above Grade Walls 2% 1% Frame Floors 2% 1% Foundation Walls 1% <1% Ceilings 1% <1% Windows 1% <1% Slabs <1% <1% Overall 18% 5% 10

11 Compliance Paths

12 Compliance Pathways Mandatory Requirements PRESCRIPTIVE (R402) Insulation Table UA Tradeoff (REScheck) Project Choice Annual Energy Cost PERFORMANCE Energy Rating Index (HERS) ENERGY STAR Homes 3.1 Passive House 12

13 Mandatory Requirements - Every Project Must Include... Permanent certificate Air Barrier testing Duct sealing / testing Controls / thermostat No building cavities used as ducts Pipe insulation Mechanical ventilation Equipment sizing 75% high efficacy lighting Snow Melt automatic shutoff Controls on re-circ. & heat trace systems Pools and spas requirements 13

14 REScheck Example 14

15 What is U-factor? Rate of heat flow (Btu/hr) through 1 ft 2 of material when there is a 1 F temperature difference from one side to the other Lower U-factor means less energy loss U-factor x Area x T= total heat flow 15

16 What is R-value? R = 1/U Lower U-factor means higher R-value 16

17 Sample REScheck Output

18 Quick Inputs Review Check location Check R-value for reasonableness Window area typically 10-22% of wall area Wall area and floor area typically within 25% Ceiling area floor area 18

19 Performance Path R405 - Annual energy cost Heating, cooling and DHW R406 - Energy Rating Index 55 MA Amendments R406 retains HERS ERI 55, but allows higher ERI if using renewables adds ENERGY STAR v3.1 and Passive House certifications 19

20 Performance Path - Permit Application Documentation (R ) HERS Preliminary Rating Certificate 55 Projected Rating: Based on Plans Field Confirmation Required ENERGY STAR v3.1 Home Report Projected Rating: Based on Plans Field Confirmation Required Passive House Planning Package - Specific Space Heat Demand - based on plans Listing compliance features Statement by a Certified Passive House Consultant regarding Specific Space Heat Demand 20

21 Performance Path - Certificate of Occupancy Documentation (R ) Rating type = Confirmed Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) Final Report Specific Space Heat Demand =/>16KBtu/SF/YR Max design temps for load calcs 72 F/74 F 21

22 Air Barriers and Insulation

23 Positive pressure (relative to outdoors) Negative pressure (relative to outdoors) 23

24 Table R Air Barrier and Insulation Installation 24

25 Knee walls shall be sealed MA Field Guide courtesy of CLEAResult courtesy of CLEAResult

26 R Walls (Mandatory) The junction of the top plate and top of exterior walls shall be sealed Junction of foundation and sill plate is sealed 26

27 courtesy of CLEAResult R Walls (Mandatory)

28 courtesy of CLEAResult Table R Duct Shafts (Mandatory)

29 courtesy of CLEAResult Table R Duct Shafts (Mandatory)

30 Table R Utility Penetrations (Mandatory) courtesy of CLEAResult

31 courtesy of CLEAResult Table R Flue Shafts (Mandatory)

32 Table R Recessed Lighting (Mandatory) courtesy of CLEAResult Recessed light fixtures shall be sealed to the drywall

33 Table R Shower/Tubs (Mandatory) courtesy of CLEAResult The air barrier shall separate exterior walls from showers and tubs 33

34 Table R HVAC Register Boots (Mandatory) courtesy of CLEAResult HVAC registers penetrating the air barrier shall be sealed to the subfloor or drywall

35 R Eave Baffle (Prescriptive) CSG 2012 Photo CLEAResult

36 Photo CLEAResult R Eave Baffles (Prescriptive)

37 R Air Leakage Testing (Mandatory) R Blower Door Testing 2015 IECC 3 ACH50 Testing Where required by code official, approved third party Submittal Time of Test Written results submitted to code official After creation (and sealing) of all penetrations

38 Benchmarks 2009 IECC 7 ACH & 2015 IECC 3 ACH50 ENERGY STAR Homes v3.1 Optional Pathway - 2 ACH50 Canadian R ACH50 Passive House 0.6 ACH50 38

39 R303.2 Installation Materials shall be installed according to manufacturer s instructions... Insulation Full thickness Completely fill framing cavity No voids or gaps Fit neatly around all obstructions 39

40 Bad Installation Photo CLEAResult 40

41 Photo CLEAResult Good Installation

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43 Bad Installation Photo CLEAResult 43

44 Photo CLEAResult Good Installation

45 Photo courtesy of CLEAResult Bad Installation

46 courtesy of CLEAResult Table R Wiring (Mandatory)

47 Unconditioned Basement (Prescriptive) Floor: R-30 min OR fill framing depth (R-19 min.) R : Ducts R-6 for 3" (R-4.2 for <3") R : Ducts sealed R403.4: Mechanical pipes: R-3 R : DHW pipes ¾": R-3 MA Field Guide 47

48 R (Table) Conditioned Basement (Prescriptive) R-15 continuous OR R-19 in the cavity MA Field Guide 48

49 Alterations to Existing Buildings; What do I Have to do? Component Requirement Wall Fill the cavity Vented Attic Ceiling R-49 Enclosed Ceiling (Cathedral) Fill the cavity Basement wall 15/19 Windows 0.30 Photo CLEAResult

50 R303.2 Installed to Manufacturer s Specifications Strapped Ceilings? Blown is Best courtesy of CLEAResult courtesy of CLEAResult

51 BBRS OFFICIAL INTERPRETATION #2016_02 Date: December 13, 2016 Subject: Insulating strapped ceilings Q: Is it ok to use fiberglass batts in ceilings with strapping? A: "Yes. The 2015 IECC does not prohibit the use of batts in a strapped ceiling assembly provided all requirements of the code are met. This means that fiberglass batts must be split around wires and cut to fit tightly around all obstacles and to fill all voids and cavities. The batts shall be entirely in contact with a sealed air barrier." 51

52 Table R Insulation Levels in Full Contact with the Air Barrier (drywall) courtesy of CLEAResult

53 Ceiling Assembly R-value R-49 attic insulation with 10 ceiling joists 10% framing factor Joists R-9.5 Assembly R-value = 35 53

54 Cold Surfaces Condense Water Vapor courtesy of CLEAResult

55 Ceiling Assembly R-value Add an uninsulated attic hatch (R-1) 10 square feet Overall R-value = 26 55

56 R Rooms Containing Fuelburning Appliances (Mandatory) Atmospheric combustion equipment with dedicated combustion air ducted from outside must be located outside the building envelope. (i.e., in a thermally isolated room) Room insulated to Table R and air sealed Exceptions: Direct vent appliances Fireplaces and stoves complying with R and Section R1006 of IRC 56

57 R Fireplaces (Mandatory) New wood burning fireplaces shall have: "tight-fitting" flue dampers OR doors outdoor combustion air (per IRC) Photo CLEAResult 57

58 R Duct Insulation (Prescriptive) Attic ducts Based on duct diameter 3 R-8 <3 R-6 Other spaces 3 R-6 <3 R-4.2 Photo CLEAResult Applies to supply and return Exception: Ducts or portions thereof completely the thermal envelope 58

59 R Duct Sealing (Mandatory) Ducts, air handlers, and filter boxes shall be sealed Photo CLEAResult 59

60 R Duct Testing (Mandatory) Post-construction or rough-in testing and verification shall be done by a HERS Rater, HERS Rating Field Inspector, or an applicable BPI Certified Professional. (MA Amendment) Written report by testing party to building official Exception if ducts and air handlers entirely within conditioned space Photo CLEAResult 60

61 R Duct Leakage (Prescriptive) Test Options Total Leakage 4 Rough-in Duct testing nottotal required Leakage if entire w/out airduct handler 3 system (including air handlers) is within Post-Construction conditioned Total Leakage space 4 Duct Sealing is always required. Max CFM 25 per 100 sq. ft. of conditioned floor area 61

62 Leakage Rate Metric Units: CFM25/100 ft 2 of conditioned space Calculation: (CFM25 from Duct Blaster)*100 (Conditioned Floor Area) Example: 100 CFM25 for 2,000 ft 2 home 100 CFM25* ft 2 = 5 CFM25/100 ft 2 62

63 Code Allowed Leakage Area Home Size (ft²) Leakage Flow (CFM25) Leakage Area (in²) 1, Approximately the Size of Two sticky notes 2, Note card 3, A 4x6 picture 5, An envelope Photo CLEAResult 63

64 Keep Ducts Out of Unconditioned Spaces (Best Practice) Photo CLEAResult 64

65 5 Strategies to Bring Ducts Inside Dropped soffits Inverted soffits Conditioned attic Open web floor trusses Conditioned basement 65

66 Conditioned Attic Photo CLEAResult 66

67 Avoid Ducts, Duct Testing Photo CLEAResult 67

68 Efficiency Penalties - System is Off Pathway for building air leakage Ductwork is less insulated Vented attic R-8 Duct insulation Heat loss R-49 Batt insulation House & Duct Leakage 68

69 R Building Cavities (Mandatory) Building framing cavities shall not be used as ducts or plenums (supply OR return) Photo CLEAResult 69

70 What to Seal? EVERYTHING!! 70

71 Largest Sources of Leakage Missing and disconnected sections Branch takeoffs from trunk ducts Folded corners of boots Section connections Swivel elbows Boot to finish Filter racks 71

72 Calculations: Old Versus Code Old Way Oversized system Rule of Thumb Small ducts Worked- Why? Oversized system made up for duct losses Code Way Size system (Manual J) Select correct system (Manual S) Seal ducts (2015 IECC requirement) Design ducts will be bigger (Manual D) 72

73 ACCA Manual J Residential Load Calculation 73

74 Reviewing Calculations Square footages Wall area usually within a few hundred sq. ft. of floor area Ceiling area vs. footprint Orientation Window areas (10% 25% window/wall ratio) U-values: windows, doors R-values: walls, ceiling, floors Air infiltration Design temperatures Duct gains should not be zero (unless ductless/conditioned space) Do the inputs match the building? 74

75 Safety Factors MANUAL J Roughly 20% margin of safety MANUAL S Round up on size selection 15-30% oversize limit for cooling-only equipment 75

76 R403.1 Controls (Mandatory) Heating and cooling systems R At least one thermostat per system Primary heating & cooling system must be programmable R Heat pump supplementary heat Controls that prevent supplementary heat from operating if compressor can meet load Except during defrost cycle 76

77 R403.2 Hot water boiler outdoor temperature setback (New) One or two pipe hot water boilers shall have an outdoor setback control that lowers the boiler water temperature based on the outdoor temperature. image courtesy of Weil-McLain 77

78 Boiler Efficiency 80 96% 95% 94% 92% 89% Boiler Return Temperature (F) % % Outdoor Air Temperature (F)

79 R403.6 Mechanical Ventilation (Mandatory MA Amendment) 3 options for determining minimum ventilation airflow rate: 1. Energy Star Homes Version 3.1 OR 2. ASHRAE OR 3. MA formula 79

80 All 3 Methods are Similar Based on the same parameters: building size height occupancy (number of bedrooms) location air tightness 80

81 Why Ventilation Moisture Carbon dioxide Nitrogen dioxide Tobacco smoke Volatile organic compounds (off-gassing) Chemicals/cleaners Carbon monoxide Other pollutants 81

82 R403.6 Mechanical Ventilation (MA Amend) Options Comparison 2500 sf home 3 bedrooms Option Compliance Metric 1a 1b ENERGY STAR V3 (ASHRAE formula) ENERGY STAR V3 (ASHRAE table) CFM a ASHRAE formula 66 2b ASHRAE table 66 3 MA Formula 77 82

83 Ventilation Strategies 1. Exhaust-only ventilation OR 2. Supply OR 3. Balanced ventilation 83

84 Ventilation Options - Exhaust Only 84

85 Advantages: Exhaust-Only Easy to install Simple Inexpensive: $70 - $300 Reduces moisture loading of the wall assemblies 85

86 Disadvantages: Exhaust-Only Make-up air takes path of least resistance Ineffective distribution in larger homes Removes heated or cooled air 86

87 Balanced Ventilation EPA ENERGY STAR Homes 87

88 HRV / ERV 88

89 Advantages: Balanced Ventilation Make-up air pathway is known Distribution is known Filter the air Recovers heat/cool/moisture No induced infiltration 89

90 Disadvantages: Balanced Cost Installation: $650 - $3,000+ Complexity Higher electric consumption 90

91 R Ventilation Fan Efficacy (Mandatory) Fan Location Air Flow Rate Min. (cfm) Minimum Efficacy (cfm/watt) Range hoods Any 2.8 In-line fan Any 2.8 Bathroom/utility room Bathroom/utility room

92 Bathroom Fans Home Ventilating Institute Make/Model CFM Watts CFM/Watt Sones Type Panasonic Whisper Green FV08VKS3 Panasonic Whisper Value FV10VKS3 Broan-Nutone ZB110 Broan-Nutone QTRE Ceiling Mount Ceiling Mount Ceiling Mount Ceiling Mount Fantech FR In-line Fantech FR In-line 92

93 Costs of Ventilation: Fan Power + Space Conditioning Make/Model CFM Est. Ventilation Cost (year) % of Total Energy Bill Panasonic Whisper Green FV-08VKS3 60 $54 2% Panasonic Whisper Value FV-10VS1 60 $75 3% Broan-Nutone ZN80 60 $54 2% Broan-Nutone QTRN $94 3% Fantech FR $59 2% Fantech FR $88 3% source: Home Ventilating Institute

94 R Ventilation Verification (Mandatory MA Amendment) Installed performance of the system shall be tested by one of the following: HERS Rater HERS Rating Field Inspector BPI Certified Professional 94

95 R Ventilation Verification (Mandatory MA Amendment) Photo CLEAResult

96 R Air-Moving Equipment (Mandatory MA Amendment) Ventilation equipment must be certified by: HVI (Home Ventilating Institute) OR AMCA (Air Movement and Control Association) Photo CLEAResult 96

97 R404 Lighting Equipment (Mandatory) R404.1 Minimum 75% high-efficacy lamps in permanent fixtures Exception: low voltage lighting Photo CLEAResult 97

98 DRAFT Checklist 98

99 DRAFT Plan Review Checklist Intended to be completed by permit applicant Applicant specifies compliance path Provides brief highlights of requirements Guides applicant and reviewer on sections in the code where greater detail is found 99

100 DRAFT Final Checklist Intended to be completed by code official Guides inspection and collection/review of submitted documentation (e.g., blower door, duct leakage, and ventilation testing results; HERS rating) 100

101 Additional Training Opportunities Residential Envelope and Building Science Commercial MA Commercial Energy Code: Envelope and Building Science MA Commercial Energy Code: Lighting, Lighting Control and Other Electrical Provisions MA Commercial Energy Code: Mechanical Provisions 101

102 Mass Save Energy Code Technical Support Project Specific Code Assistance MA code officials Design professionals Contractors Material suppliers Other Toll-free energy code support Phone assistance Office visits Project site visits 102

103 Thank you!

104 Thanks Again to our Sponsors