Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat

Transcription

1 The Design Process of Complex Architectural Facades Bert van de Linde, Group Technical Director, Permasteelisa Group

2 Permasteelisa Group / Introduction Specialist in bespoke curtain walling and interior products. A project based enterprise with design as a core value and activity. A transnational global enterprise for research and development, design and engineering, project management, manufacturing and installation on site. Since 2011 part of Lixil Corporation. 2

3 Permasteelisa Group / Our Brands 3

4 Permasteelisa Group / Worldwide Presence Present in four continents, with a network of more than 50 companies including 16 design offices and 11 production plants in 30 countries. 4

5 Permasteelisa Group / Iconic Projects BEEKMAN TOWER New York, NY / USA 5

6 Permasteelisa Group / Iconic Projects GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM Bilbao / SPAIN 6

7 Permasteelisa Group / Iconic Projects JIN MAO TOWER Shanghai / P.R. OF CHINA 7

8 Permasteelisa Group / Iconic Projects DG BANK Berlin / GERMANY 8

9 Permasteelisa Group / Iconic Projects TWO INT. FINANCE CENTRE Hong Kong / PRC 9

10 Permasteelisa Group / Iconic Projects CONDÉ NAST CAFETERIA New York, NY / USA 10

11 Permasteelisa Group / Focus Energy and Comfort Use of Detailed 3D & Dynamic Energy & Thermal Comfort analysis of interaction of façades and mechanical (HVAC) systems (Cooling ceiling/floor heating), thermal mass, 11

12 Permasteelisa Group / Focus Energy and Comfort Safety and Security Proprietary curtain wall and cable net façade systems and software (behavior of the curtain wall under impulsive bomb blast loading). WT3 (Manhattan, NY) 12

13 Permasteelisa Group / Focus Energy & Comfort Safety & Security Alternative Systems & Materials TEC façades: Development of glass fibre reinforced polymer façade system (thin, environmental, translucent). Glued assembly Fast and economical stick system 13

14 Façades form the identity and give functionality to high rise and other buildings. The design process to come to an architecturally accepted and functional façade of bespoke and most of the time complex building is not a single process but a simultaneous and cross disciplinary activity. 14

15 The reality of designing complex bespoke façades resulted in rethinking / revisiting the design process to cover a series of distinct concurrent multidisciplinary processes that requires: A) Thinking on building rather than component level. B) Holistic system performance achieved by iterative design approach including design to specification, cost, program and appearance. C) Effective and reliable decision making in design. D) Design streamlining and efficiency. 15

16 A) Thinking on building level Thinking on building rather than component level (the building performs as well as the sum and interaction of it s components) such as: Whole building environmental system integration (energy saving, renewables, comfort, HVAC, BMS). Air and water tightness and building movements, the interface with other components like frames, roofs, partitioning, ceilings. Fire, blast (frame, compartmentation, ). Architectural intent. 16

17 B) Holistic system performance Holistic system performance achieved by iterative design approach including design to specification, cost, program and appearance covering: Air, water infiltration Building movements (seismic, wind, settlement, life load, blast impact, ) Strength, stiffness, deflections Blast behavior Fire behavior Intrusion Lightning Thermal behavior (U-value, solar factor, expansion, light transmittance) Comfort (visual, glare, thermal, acoustic) Renewables (PV, solar cooling, movements, wind, water) Maintenance Aesthetics (architectural) Warranties 17

18 Design process of complex architectural façades C) Effective and reliable decision making in design 1. Obvious requirement is knowledge (theoretical, empirical, test results, failures, experience, ) 2. Effective designing often means being aware of the various effects of all design parameters at the right time. Isolated specialist knowledge give slow communication and no holistic regime. Often we have too many cooks in the kitchen. Not enough reliable tools and software in the industry. Therefore too much time of total project program is taken up by preparation which might create a time stressed execution with potential risks. Initiative to build DESIGN / PREPARATION Practical completion Can this be shorter? EXECUTION => We need software and tools giving reliable (benchmarked) information to enable a quick iterative design process used by a multidisciplinary orientated design team. 18

19 Software and Tools Tools / Software to speed up information's to make reliable, timely and holistic decisions: 3 examples EPBD Acoustic Blast 19

20 Software and Tools (EPBD) Detailed whole building energy prediction tool including dynamic façades. 20

21 Software and Tools (EPBD) Detailed whole building energy prediction tool including dynamic façades. Canary Wharf TRADITIONAL FACADE Heron Tower HERON TOWER Motivation: energy cost decision alone is not allowed anymore due to new and more severe energy regulations EPBD -10% renewables requirement (CO2). (Local requirement for Heron Tower at that time was 2.2%). Most effective way to reduce the cost of expensive renewable energy systems is 21 to reduce the energy consumption of the building in the first place.

22 Software and Tools (EPBD) Detailed whole building energy prediction tool including dynamic façades. Energy analysis of different façade types on different orientations during design stage lead to decision of variation in façade types. 22

23 Software and Tools (EPBD) Detailed whole building energy prediction tool including dynamic façades. View PV cells of lift shafts Requirement of renewable energy is realized by means of bespoke façade integrated PV-system at South orientation. Heron Tower received BREEAM EXCELLENT rating for offices. 3,000 m² PV integrated façade system 23

24 Software and Tools (Acoustic) Development of laboratory L.A.R.G.E. and proprietary software tool ALABIK for detailed acoustic prediction of impact of different façade types. LARGE Accredited Laboratory for Acoustic Research on Glass and large Envelopes (certified EN ISO 17025) glazing D ls,2m,nt,w (C;C tr ) =30(-1;-4)dB glazing D ls,2m,nt,w (C;C tr ) =37(-1;-4)dB /120/6 glazing D ls,2m,nt,w (C;C tr ) =46(-1;-4)dB 24

25 Software and Tools (Blast) Topics of blast enhancement for curtain walls. Blast Technology Threat Definition Proprietary software development Experimental test on material properties Development of proprietary façade systems Full scale mock-up testing Aero-elastic damping investigation Cracked Laminated Glazing Thermally broken sections Dissipative Brackets 25

26 Software and Tools (Blast) Bomb Blast Curtain Wall A proprietary façade system and software (behavior of the curtain wall under impulsive bomb blast loading). Threat Hearst Tower New York, USA Bomb Blast Cable Net A proprietary cable façade system and software (behavior of the cable net under impulsive bomb blast loading. Goldman Sachs New York, USA HSBC Headquarter London, UK General Heron Tower London, UK System Brackets Hazard Software for glass fragments WTC2 & WTC3 I New York, USA Testudo Leafs Frame 26

27 D) Design streamlining and efficiency. Curtain wall design and engineering process has to be carried out in a timely reliable multi-process coordinated way. Information loss Information loss PROCESS AS OF TODAY 27

28 Inefficiencies in the Industry Sell Design Engineer Purchase Plan Machine Assemble Ship Install Excel CAD FEA, MathCAD Excel MS Project Nexus Off-the-Shelf and internally developed applications are used to bridge segments of the Value Chain, with varying degrees of effectiveness. CNC Excel Excel 28

29 Earlier more reliable information AIM 29

30 PMF: Permasteelisa Moving Forward Strategic Objectives: Increased efficiency Reduced time to market Global capacity management Risk reduction 30

31 Tender Design Purchasing Estimated Costs 3D Model Bill of Material Project Structure Shop Drawings FUNCTIONS PMF Configurator : Central Database Assembly Configuration Production / Logistic Costs per Unit Site Orders SAP Site Documents 3D Detail Drawings Classifiers Lot, Crate 31

32 Sell $ PMF SAP Pack assignment utilities and pack management Graphical, 3D model interface for site progress review PMF is designed for a high-degree of integration with SAP. This combines the best of both worlds - the off-the-shelf efficiency of SAP with the competitive advantage of PMF which will remain the intellectual property of Permasteelisa. 32

33 The Tool 33

34 Effective use of Tools The controlled way to maximize the effect of the use of holistic tools is the preconstruction service agreement where the curtain wall company can act as a co-curtain wall consultant to achieve design to architectural intent, budget, specification, performance and program. What Advantages Does a PCSA Provide? Design is carried out to a prescribed client fixed budget (price). Fully collaborative integrated early stage design with the client team (architect, façade consultants, HVAC engineers etc.). Value engineering development options with the client. System specific performance, QA & testing specification development (minimize recourse for variations due to specification discrepancies). Earlier stage construction and system drawings. Time & cost savings in tender documentation. Reduced time for various component durability tests. Minimal technical and program risk. Utilization of curtain wall contractor knowledge database. 34

35 Effective use of Tools PCSA REALIZATIONSIONS Elbphilharmonie Hamburg / GERMANY Heron Tower London / UK The Shard London / UK Beekman Tower New York, NY / USA Rabobanktoren Utrecht / THE NETHERLANDS 35

36 Holistic Design - Example 1: TEC: Thin Environmental Cladding 36

37 Holistic Design - Example 2: MFREE-S CCF and BCS integrated Lighting Occupancy Solar Integrated Blind Control Box Façade elements BCS: Blind Control System integrated into the façade for optimised integration Sensor box Building control box Hardware/ Software management Traditional triple glazed façade system Traditional DSF system Advanced MFREE-S CCF More than 25% saving MFREE-S CCF 37

38 Holistic Design - Example 2: MFREE-S CCF and BCS integrated Whole building approach for using cavity ventilation in DSF systems Naturally Ventilated Façade (deep cavity, well ventilated, opening doors for internal ventilation) Forced Ventilated Façade (small cavity, micro-fans, opening doors for maintenance cavity only) Naturally Ventilated Façade (small cavity, ventilated, opening doors for maintenance cavity only) 38

39 Holistic Design - Example 2: MFREE-S CCF and BCS integrated Whole building approach for not using cavity ventilation in DSF systems Façade respirant (no ventilation - but breathing to outside, no inwards opening doors) 39

40 Holistic Design - Example 2: MFREE-S CCF and BCS integrated Whole building approach for not using cavity ventilation in DSF systems Additional clients requirements to DSF Typical performances of proper designed Double Skin Façade Additional performances of Permasteelisa s MFREE-S CCF Closed cavity No pollution from traffic No dust from inside No moisture Limited people access Client s satisfaction: Reduced cleaning frequency in order to reduce maintenance/repair costs and reduced access frequency. Increased effective net-lettable area: full usage of floor space, limited removal of furniture. 40

41 Holistic Design - Example 2: MFREE-S CCF and BCS integrated Whole building approach for not using cavity ventilation in DSF systems MFREE-S CCF (no ventilation, clean, designed for not using inwards opening doors ) 41

42 Holistic Design - Example 3: Blast performance SILICONE Blast design is based on a balanced distribution of the system deformability and interaction of all components. No one element appreciably stiffer than the others. BRACKET GLASS FRAME CONNECTION Blast wave propagation 42

43 Holistic Design - Example 3: Blast performance Balanced Design - Interaction Effect Example Overpressure time history Threat: ISO-EXV Model allows dynamic interactions between components to be distinguished Steel reinforcement Main section 1500 Whether or not to use continuous mullion reinforcement? 43

44 Holistic Design - Example 3: Blast performance Holistic Approach (Integrated): Glass remains intact No fragment hazards Greater mullion deformation Equivalent reactions Cheaper safer design Elemental Approach Glazing cracked Hazardous fragments Lesser frame rotation Expensive solution Holistic Integrated Approach Elemental Approach 44

45 Thank you for your attention