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1 Producers canola in th based on canola cau C Dr. Ignacio A. Ciampitti Cropping & Precision Farming Systems Specialist Department of Agronomy K-State Research & Extension ciampitti@ksu.edu, (TWITTER/FACEBOOK) ripe, it must be harvested in a timely and is ready for direct cutting in th producers should stop wheat ha Producers should do this bec shattering and it is a high- Harvest Managem Michael Stamm, Department of A Kraig Roozeboom, Department of Agron Johnathon Holman, Southwest Research-Extensi

2 Implementing and testing Ag technologies in your farm under specific soil-weather conditions. Key Principles OFR DOING Research yourself Site-specific-responses (soil-weather) Get information for your farm and collaborate

3 Outline Qstep Pstep GEMstep ARIStep Summary STEPS for a successful experience: Bottom-Up APPROACH b. c. d. a. Protocol e. h. g. f.

4 Outline Qstep Pstep GEMstep ARIStep Summary Question (Q) to be answered? FARMER-driven: - Q-derived from a farmer - Farmer-inputs from time 0 - Farmer-outputs: TEAM-WORK scheme

5 Outline Qstep Pstep GEMstep ARIstep Summary FARMER perspective: Why should I get involved? To identify the best management practices (BMPs) for improving productivity and net return. To based decisions on an unbiased-data source. To use the outcome from the OFR project to ADJUST BMPs and reduce farm-specific YIELD GAP.

6 Reducing the Site-specific Yield Gap FARMER-YIELD vs. MAXIMUM-YIELD (e.g. BMPs) = YIELD GAP McCornack, 2015

7 Effective Network of Collaborators CCAs Crop Consultants Dr. Ignacio IA Ciampitti, Antonio Ciampitti K-State Assistant Univ Professor Crop Production/ Cropping Systems Agronomy Department Kansas State University

8 Outline Qstep Pstep GEMstep ARIstep Summary OFR PROTOCOL: Simple & effective design Few treatments are tested. Less measurement-intensive. Large plot sizes (strips), +variability. Corn seeding rate x row spacing Soybean seeding rate

9 SOYBEAN CORN FARMER-driven project: Planting and Harvesting is done by farmers (time-constraint as main factor). General guidelines are provided for planting and harvesting procedures.

10 Outline Qstep Pstep GEMstep ARIstep Summary OFR PROTOCOL: Simple & effective design Plot size & planting pattern. Planting pattern x each strip/treatment Harvesting operation Harvest center of the plots 60-ft wide (30, 24-rows) Harvest-center 30-ft (12-rows)

11 Outline Qstep Pstep GEMstep ARIstep Summary OFR GxExM: Genotype x Environment x Management - GENOTYPE: Hybrid (corn) / variety (soybean) - ENVIRONMENT: Soil/Weather/Crop data - MANAGEMENT: record-keeping of all practices GENOTYPE If genotype is not part of the test subject, then one hybrid/variety per experiment should be tested to simplify the genotype x management practice effects (G x M). The farmer will be selecting the variety of his preference (personal choice) or seed can be provided upon request.

12 Outline Qstep Pstep GEMstep ARIstep Summary OFR GxExM: Genotype x Environment x Management ENVIRONMENT - Soil characterization - Weather information - (historical and current growing season)

13 ENVIRONMENT

14 Outline Qstep Pstep GEMstep ARIstep Summary OFR GxExM: Genotype x Environment x Management MANAGEMENT Record-keeping (Trial information) In-season DATA: - STAND COUNTS - IMAGERY COLLECTION - DISEASE/INSECT NOTES - PICTURES of production problems - SOIL/ PLANT test depending on the time/funding

15 Outline Qstep Pstep GEMstep ARIstep Summary OFR GxExM: Genotype x Environment x Management MANAGEMENT Scouting-Protocol (e.g. STAND COUNTS) TIMING (early vs. late-season)

16 Outline Qstep Pstep GEMstep ARIstep Summary OFR GxExM: Genotype x Environment x Management MANAGEMENT Mid-season Imagery Analysis (e.g. UNIFORMITY) Sen nel2 (Satellite Imagery) UAV (drones) Landsat (Satellite Imagery)

17 Outline Qstep Pstep GEMstep ARIstep Summary OFR GxExM: Genotype x Environment x Management MANAGEMENT HARVESTING: Calibrated yield monitor and GPS Avoid borders or heads of the strips or angles ENVIRONMENTS STRIP TRIALS 60-ft wide Harvest-center 30-ft (12-rows)

18 Outline Qstep Pstep GEMstep ARIstep Summary Y ie ld (b u /A ) ANALYSIS/RESULTS Overall Outcome, Density-response AOSR =Agronomically Opt. Seeding Rate EOSR = Economically Opt. Seeding Rate P la n t P o p u la tio n (p l/a ) Select Yield Level Low Set Market Price $3.50 Set Cost per Bag of Seed $ Yield Advantage (per acre) Plant Population (seeds/ac) Yield Difference Revenue Advantage Increase 19,747 to 21,849 5 $15.91 Increase 21,849 to 25, $50.03 Increase 25,223 to 25, $81.82 Increase 25,556 to 28, $81.97 Cost Analysis (per acre) Plant Population (seeds/ac) Additional Seed Cost Net Profit Increase 19,747 to 21,849 $6.94 $8.97 Increase 21,849 to 25,223 $11.13 $38.90 Increase 25,223 to 25,555 $1.10 $80.72 Increase 25,556 to 28,321 $9.13 $72.84 STRIP-by-STRIP outcome

19 Outline Qstep Pstep GEMstep ARIstep Summary Y ie ld (b u /A ) Y ie ld (b u /A ) INTERPRETATION ENVIRONMENTS STRIP TRIALS Density-response by MANAGEMENT ZONE FLAT response LOWER Econ. Opt. Seeding Rate (EOSR) S e e d in g R a te (p l/a c ) CURVILINEAR response HIGHER EOSR, increasing with AOSR =Agronomically Opt. Seeding Rate EOSR = Economically Opt. Seeding Rate yields P la n t P o p u la tio n (p l/a )

20 Outline Qstep Pstep INTERPRETATION GEMstep ARIstep Presentation of Results and Feedback Image 1. Mee ng with farmers and KSUCROPS Produc on & Tech Lab research team to share the result of the 2015 growing season. FARMERS better informed to take decisions related to management systems x improving on-farm profits. Summary

21 CEMA, 2016:

22 OFR is critical but Challenges Dr. Ignacio IA Ciampitti, Antonio Ciampitti K-State Assistant Univ Professor Crop Production/ Cropping Systems Agronomy Department Kansas State University

23 KNOW your OFR. In your State On-Farm Research RESOURCES Dr. Ignacio IA Ciampitti, Antonio Ciampitti K-State Assistant Univ Professor Crop Production/ Cropping Systems Agronomy Department Kansas State University

24 THANKS! QUESTIONS? M Kraig Ro Johnathon Holman, Canola harvest require of operations. Bec ning mus a Ha Wheat harvesting equipment can be used when direct cutting canola (Photo 1). Canola is cut just below the seedpods, minimizing the amount of green material entering the combine. Direct cutting canola is slower than cutting wheat. The reel should be set as far back over the grain table as possible to reduce the effects of shattering by the header. The reel speed should match ground speed. From a distance, the reel appears to gently pull the combine through the field. The reel should be placed just far enough into the seedpods to lightly pull the crop onto the grain Ciampitti@ksu.edu Kansas State University Agricultural Experim Photo 1. Direct cutting standing canola. ripe, it must be harvested in a timely manner. If canola ripens and is ready for direct cutting in the middle of wheat harvest, producers should stop wheat harvest and move to canola. Producers should do this because canola is more susceptible to shattering and it is a high-value crop. canola based on wh canola seed is sma caulk, or axle grease han Check for grain losses ahead o the header (header loss), and behind Begin with setting cylinder speed be 650 rpm, which is about one-half to two-third used when harvesting wheat. Set the concave clearan ¾ inch in the front and ⅛ to ¼ inch in the rear. Canola se threshes easily from the seedpods. Fan speed should be set between 400 and 600 rpm, but shaking the seed out of the chaff is better than blowing it out. Set the top sieve at ¼ to ⅜ inch and the bottom sieve at ⅛ to ¼ inch for proper separation. Canola seed can be hard to see after it falls to the ground. Check for seed loss by placing a shoebox between seed rows in front of the combine and counting the seed in the box after the combine passes over it. About 130 to 150 seeds per square foot equals 1 bushel (50 lb) per acre yield loss. Producers with rotary combines should follow instructions in the owner s manual. Direct cutting is a good method for producers with smaller acreages. Plant varieties with different maturities if direct cutting so all acres are not ready to be harvested at the same time. Direct cutting is the only method requiring one pass through the field, but it is the riskiest harvest method because the crop must remain standing in the field until it has ripened Canola is an indeterminate crop and will have some gree seedpods on secondary branches at harvest. Do not wait fo remaining seedpods to dry down. Harvest must begin w majority of the field is ripe and ready for harvest. Wa all seedpods are brown and dry will result in harve potential yield loss. Setting the combine properl seedpods to be blown out the back of the com green while the seedpods turn brown and for stems to dry down before starting ha harvest should be based on seed color content. When direct cutting, exp of the header as the combine mo /KSUCROPS Best opportunity to Often results in t Uses same eq header, a cr header c Best lac Advantagesof direct cut