Lower Canopy & LOD: Productivity, Structure, Diversity " ESRM 304"
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1 Lower Canopy & LOD: Productivity, Structure, Diversity " ESRM 304"
2 Learning Objectives " Ø Know why we measure lower canopy vegetation & Large Organic Debris (LOD)" Ø Know what basic lower canopy & groundstory attributes are important and how to measure them" Ø Introduce field methods for labs this week" 2!
3 Lower Canopy Information: Importance" Ø Site Quality Ø Forest Structural Patterns Ø Wildlife-Habitat relationships Ø Biological Diversity Ø Biomass of secondary forest products
4 Site Quality" Ø Productive capacity of forest land Ø Useful for o Determining what species are suitable o Predicting growth potential o Evaluating ecosystem resiliency o Determining management priorities o Land valuation
5 Assessing Site Quality" Potential for forest growth can be identified by using assemblages of lower canopy vegetation Scots pine growing in Finland
6 Assessing Site Quality" Closer to home
7 Assessing Site Quality" Site Index for Ponderosa Pine, 100-yr basis
8 Examining Structural Patterns" Northwest ecosystems contain many different vegetation patterns Types, amounts, and distribution of vegetation patterns define water quantity and quality, wildlife habitat, timber resources Vegetation patterns impact forest processes such as stream flow, erosion, and succession forest landscapes are created and maintained through a balance of disturbance and recovery processes.
9 Four major stages of stand development" 9!
10 Wildlife Habitat Relation- ships" Vagrant shrew Townsend s mole Meadow voles Jumping mice Deer mouse Gophers Ground squirrels Chipmunks Marsh and Trowbridge s shrews Southern red-backed vole Tree and flying squirrels Keen s mouse Shrew-mole Coast mole 10!
11 Biological Diversity Quantification" Ø Indexes attempt to combine abundance, composition, dominance into single no. Ø Diversity at different scales o Landscape level o Community-Ecosystem level o Population-species level o Genetic level 11!
12 Diversity at Different Scales" Ø Community-ecosystem Level" o How have natural disturbances and / or management activities affected species diversity?" o What is the function of a species in the community?" o Where are the areas of high species richness, endemism, or rarity and how well are they protected?" Ø Community Metrics" o Richness, composition, Shannon, Simpson" 12!
13 Lower Canopy Structure & Diversity" Ø Horizontal structure / diversity" o Species Richness" ü Number of species present, n i " o Species Composition" ü p i = amt. of species i / amt. all spp." o Shannon Index (H )" ü H = - p i. ln(p i )" o Simpson s Index (D)" ü D = [n i (n i -1)] / [N(N-1)]" " " "usually expressed as 1/D " 13!
14 Lower Canopy Structure & Diversity" Ø Vertical structure / diversity" Ø BSD is directly related to FSD" 14!
15 Biomass of secondary forest products" Ø Secondary Forest Products o Floral arrangements (salal, ferns) o Mushrooms o Fiddle heads (Ferns) o Others
16 Biomass of secondary forest products" Some Biomass Equation examples:" " Shrubs RUUR (trailing blackberry): TAB = (COV) VACCI (Vaccinium species): TAB = (COV) Ferns ATFI (lady fern): TAB = (COV) PTAQ (bracken fern): TAB = (COV)
17 LOD (DWD, CWD) Information: Importance" Contributes organic matter to soil " Component of habitat for many species" Plays a role in temporary carbon storage (slow release through decay)" 17!
18 Vegetation & LOD Survey" Field Methods " 18!
19 Vegetation & LOD Survey" Point Transect Sampling for vegetation cover, composition Record what is observed at a set of points at predetermined distances along a transect (bare ground, species, etc.). Make other comments, as applicable. " The transect pictured would produce an estimate of 2/6, or 33% cover. " 19!
20 Vegetation & LOD Survey" Point Transect Sampling for vegetation cover, composition 20!
21 Vegetation & LOD Survey" Line Intersect Sampling for Large Organic Debris 21!
22 Vegetation & LOD Survey" Line Intersect Sampling for Large Organic Debris 22!
23 Vegetation & LOD Survey" Line Intersect Sampling for Large Organic Debris 23!
24 Vegetation & LOD Survey" Fixed-area plots for vegetation & LOD Small Plot vegetation measurement - same plot center as large plot acre plot è ft radius Large Plot LOD measurement - Shares plot center with small plot acre plot è ft radius 24!
25 Vegetation & LOD Survey" Fixed-area plots for vegetation & LOD 25!
26 Summary Remarks" Ø Need info on structure, variability, processes for:" o Grouping of stands into productivity classes " o Building inventory on critical habitat conditions" o I.D.-ing wildlife-habitat relationships" o Enhancement of grouping stands into risk classes " o Development of management targets for" ü Silvicultural manipulations" ü Managing potential fire hazard" ü Biological diversity maintenance" 26!
27 Summary Remarks" Ø Diversity at different scales" o Landscape" o Community" ü Community Lower Canopy Structure & Diversity" ü Horizontal / Vertical Structure " o Population - Species" o Genetic" 27!
28 Vegetation & LOD Surveys" " Field Trip to St. Edward State Park" " Bring your PNW Plant ID Key" " Bring sturdy, closed-toe footwear pref. w/ ankle support" " Tue 20, Wed 21Oct. 2015" " Depart from behind Bloedel Hall (C-10 parking lot) promptly at 12:30 P.M." 28!
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