QUESTIONNAIRE FOR BAREROOT NURSERY TECHNOLOGY WORKSHOP

Transcription

1 QUESTIONNAIRE FOR BAREROOT NURSERY TECHNOLOGY WORKSHOP Nursery Name Address Phone # Names of Persons Completing Questionnaire: Name Position 321

2 322 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) 2 Annual Nursery Production (1980) Please list the major species grown at your nursery. Give the stock types and number produced in thousands of seedlings (M) for each species in Species Stock Type Number Produced (Harvested) M M M M M M M M Other minor species and Stock types M Total Number of Seedlings Produced = M

3 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) 3 Land Usage Please indicate the total number of acres/or hectares (circle one) your nursery utilizes for each area below. Nursery Site Characteristics Fallow or cover-cropped land Seedbed area Transplant area Uncultivated land (buildings, roads, etc) Unused land Other Total ---- Acres or Hectares Acres or Hectares Acres or Hectares Acres or Hectares Acres or Hectares Acres or Hectares Acres or Hectares From the list below, please indicate the five (5) most important criteria used to select your nursery site, where 1 is the most important, 2, the second most important, 3, the third most important, 4, the fourth most important, and, 5, the fifth most important. Climate Elevation Aesthetics Proximity to markets Water supply Soil depth Soil workability and drainage Cost of land Proximity to work force Soil fertility (including ph and cation exchange capacity) Local topography Politics Previous land use Freedom from weeds Soil texture Other 323

4 324 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) 4 Site Problems - Most bareroot nurserymen realize that they do not have the""ideal" nursery site but "make-do" with what they have. The purpose of this portion of the survey is to identify major site problems and determine what can be done about them. On the table below, please indicate the 5 most serious site problems at your nursery, where 1 is the most serious problem; 2, the second most serious; 3, the third most serious; 4, the fourth most serious and, 5, the fifth most serious. Next, for these 5 site problems, list any corrective treatments that you have tried and whether these treatments have alleviated the problem. SOIL Acidity Alkalinity Salinity Too "heavy" Too "light" Too much variation Compaction Poor Drainage Rocks Major Site Problem Corrective Treatments Problem (Rank 1 through 5) Treatment Is it effective? Treatment Is it effective? Organic matter maintenance Soil slash Workability (tilth) Uneven topography CLIMATE Intense rainfall Frost pockets Frozen soil Excessively high temperatures Wind abrasion WATER Poor quality High water table Availability OTHER

5 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) 5 SOIL Soil Characteristics Please fill in the table below discussing the soil characteristics of your major soil types. For each soil type indicate the % of cultivated land that it occupies, its ph, particle size distribution: % sand silt and clay, the drainage quality: good, fair or poor, the cation exchange capacity (me/100g), the bulk density (g/cm3) and organic matter (%). Soil type % of cultivated land Particle size Cation Bulk Drainage ph distribution % exchange Density (good, fair, range sand silt clay capacity (g/cm3) (range) or poor (me/100g) (range) Organic Matter (%) (range) % % % % me/100 g/cm3 % % % % % me/100 g/cm3 % % % % % me/100 g/cm3 % 325

6 326 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) 6 Sowing and Seedbed Density Please fill in the table below discussing the sowing practice for the stock types produced in your two major species. For each, indicate the sowing date: optimum time (e.g. early May; mid April) and the actual range (e.g. late May to early June); the sowing depth in inches or centimeters; the type of mulch used, if any, and the depth applied; the target growing density (in the 2-0 year) (seedlings/ft2); the seedling inventory (seedlings/ft2) for 1-0's and 2-0's; and the cull X during grading. Species Sowing Date Stock Type of Actual Range Sowing Depth Optimum Date Final Product (e.g. early May) (mid May to (circle whether late June) inches or cm) Type Mulch Depth (in or cm) Target Growing Seedbed Inventory (Seedlings/ft2) Density Seedl/ft2 1-0's 2-0's Cull % During Grading to in cm in cm /ft2 /ft2 /ft2 % 2-0 to in cm in cm /ft2 /ft2 /ft2 % 3-0 to in cm in cm /ft2 /ft2 /ft2 % Other to in cm in cm /ft2 /ft2 /ft2 % to in cm in cm /ft2 /ft2 /ft2 % 2-0 to in cm in cm /ft2 /ft2 /ft2 % 3-0 to in cm in cm /ft2 /ft2 /ft2 % Other to in cm in cm /ft2 /ft2 /ft2 %

7 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) 7 Fertilization Please fill in the table below with the general fertilizer schedule for your 2-0 stock starting with the applications before sowing, then the applications made in the first year and, finally, the applications made in the second year up to the time of lifting. Indicate t ime of year of application (month), what type of fertilizer is applied, the amount applied in lbs/acre or kg/ha and finally the purpose for the application, e.g. to stimulate fall root growth. This is the entire 2-0 fertilizer schedule for the major species grown at our nursery which is Species Name Application Before Sowing Applications in First Year Applications in Second Year Age of Stock at Time of Application Time of Year of Application (Month) Type of Fertilizer Applied (e.g. Ammonium Phosphate ) Amount Applied lbs/acre or kg/ha (circle one) lbs/acre or kg/ha 0 lbs/acre or kg/ha lbs/acre or kg/ha lbs/acre or kg/ha 1-0 lbs/acre or kg/ha lbs/acre or kg/ha lbs/acre or kg/ha 2-0 lbs/acre or kg/ha lbs/acre or kg/ha Purpose of Application (e.g. fall root growth) 327

8 328 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) 8 Root Culturing Please fill in the table below discussing your root culturing regime for growing 2-0 seedlings of your major species. For undercutting, wrenching and lateral pruning, list the age of the stock at the time of the operation (e.g. 1-0), the date(s) of the operation, the depth at which you draw the blade(s) (in. or cm.) and the purpose for doing the operation (e. g. to harden-off seedlings, stimulate root growth, etc.). This is the root culturing regime for 2-0 seedlings of our major species, Give Species Name Root Culturing Age of Seedlings at Time of Operation (e. g. 1-0) Date(s) of Operation (month/day) Depth at which you Draw the Blade (in or cm) (circle one) Purpose of Operation (e.g. to Harden-off Seedlings) Under- Cutting Wrenching / in cm / in cm / in cm / in cm / in cm / in cm / in cm / in cm Lateral Pruning or Sidecutting / in cm / in cm / in cm / in cm

9 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) 9 TRANSPLANTING In the table below discuss the transplanting regime for your major species and stock types. Indicate the species, stock type of final product (eg. plug-1, 1-1, 2-1), the time of year (month(s)) seedlings are lifted, stored, and transplanted, the root length of seedlings to be transplanted, the density of the bed immediately after transplanting and at the time of lifting (seedlings/ft2) and the final number of seedlings produced after culling (seedling/ft2). Species Time of Year... Pruned Density of Transplant Bed Stock Type Root length (final product) Lifted Stored Transplanted in/cm At time of At time of months) month(s) month(s) (circle one) transplanting lifting Number of seedlings produced after culling (seedlings/ft2) in cm /ft2 /ft2 /ft2 in cm /ft2 /ft2 /ft2 in cm /ft2 /ft2 /ft2 in cm /ft2 /ft2 /ft2 in cm /ft2 /ft2 /ft2 in cm /ft2 /ft2 /ft2 in cm /ft2 /ft2 /ft2 Please, indicate the percentage of seedlings transplanted in the fall versus spring: Fall = % Spring = % Total = 100 % Which do you prefer, fall or spring transplanting and why? 329

10 330 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) 10 WEEDS Please fill in the table below with your weed control schedule. Indicate what conifer species are in the seedbed at the time, the timing of the application (g pre-seeding, spring of 2-0 year, etc.), the machine hours per acre of mechanical weeding and/or the person hours/acre of handweeding and/or the full name of the herbicide applied in The ai/acre or kg ai/acre, and finally list the plants which you are attempting to control. Conifer Species in Seedbed Application Timing (e.g. pre-seeding) Full Name of Herbicide Mechanical Weeding Handweeding and Amount (lbs ai/ (machine hours/acre) (person hours/acre) acre or kg ai/acre) (circle one) For control of what weeds? (e.g. annual grasses) person lbs ai/acre machine hrs/acre hrs/acre kg ai/acre person lbs ai/acre machine hrs/acre hrs/acre kg ai/acre person lbs ai/acre machine hrs/acre hrs/acre kg ai/acre person lbs ai/acre machine hrs/acre hrs/acre kg ai/acre person lbs ai/acre machine hrs/acre hrs/acre kg ai/acre person lbs ai/acre machine hrs/acre hrs/acre kg ai/acre person lbs ai/acre machine hrs/acre hrs/acre kg ai/acre person lbs ai/acre machine hrs/acre hrs/acre kg ai/acre

11 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) 11 Pests Please discuss your pest management program in the table below. First rank the major peat groups where 1 is the greatest problem as a pest, 2, the next greatest problem, 3, the next, 4, the next, 5, the next, end, 6, the least important problem. Then discuss the severity of the problem for each specific peat; is it heavy, moderate, slight or non-existent as a problem; list the species and stock-type that the pest affects; answer whether the pest is increasing or decreasing as a problem (check me) and finally discuss the major methods of control that you have used: soil fumigation, seed treatment, drench, sprays (check as many as you use) and cultural controls (list those used). Severity of Problem (check one) Major Pest Croup Non- (rank from 1 through 6) Specific Pest Heavy Moderate Slight Existent Diseases of Seeds and Geraminants Diseases of Roots and Root Collars Diseases Affecting Shoots Molding of Stored Seedlings Insects and Allied Pests 1. Damping off (Pythiums, Rhizoctonia etc.) 2. Seed Fungi 1. Fusarium Root Rot 2. Nematodes 3. Phytophthora 4. Cortical Rot (Fusarium Roseum 5. Charcoal Root Rot (Macrophomina Phaseoli) 1. Sirococcus Blight 2. Fusarium Top Blight 3. Melampsora Foliage Rust 4. Western Gall Rust 5. Gray Mold (Botrytis) 1. Fungal Molds 1. Springtail Insects 2. Cutworms 3. Marsh Crane Fly 4. Root and Vine Weevil 5. Aphids 6. Cranberry Girdler 7. European Pine Shoot Moth 8. Balsam Woolly Aphid Birds and Mammals 1. Deer 2. Rodents 3. Birds 4. Rabbits 5. Moles Is this P est Increasing or Decreasing as a Problem? (check one) Methods of Control(check as many as you use) Fungicide/Insecticide Species and Stock Type which Pest Affects Increasing Decreasing Fumigation Seed Treatment Drench Sprays Cultural Controls (List) 331

12 332 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) 12 Inventory of Equipment or Method Used Please indicate the kind of equipment or methods now used at your nursery. If it is commercially available, please list the make, model, or type. Also indicate whether or not the equipment or method fulfills its function well? And, if the answer is no, discuss why the equipment or method is unsatisfactory, for reasons that may be related to the high cost of equipment, maintenance or fuel or is it due to low operational efficiency, i.e., the equipment or method does not do the job well resulting in lower product quality or product loss. 1. CONE STORAGE AND HANDLING If No: Does Equipment Why is Equipment or Method Fulfill or Method Equipment or Method Make, Model, or Type its Function Well? Unsatisfactory? Forklift Conveyor Manual Tray Storage In Sack Storage Rack Storage Loose Storage

13 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) SEED PROCESSING If No: Does Equipment Why is Equipment or Method Fulfill or Method Equipment or Method Make, Model, or Type its Function Well? Unsatisfactory? Preheat Bins Extractor Scalper Dewinger Fanning Mill/Clipper Specific Gravity Separator Powered Conveyors Cone Grinders 3. SEED STORAGE AND HANDLING Refrigerated Storage Nonrefrigerated Storage Freezer Storage Cans Sacks Cartons 333

14 334 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) FUMIGATION If No: Does Equipment Why is Equipment or Method Fulfill or Method Equipment or Method Make, Model, or Type its Function Well? Unsatisfactory? Granular Applicator Liquid Applicator Shank Injector Tarp Layer Tarp Remover 5. GENERAL CULTIVATION & GROUND PREPARATION Plow Rototiller Disc Harrow Chisel Leveler Packer Rod Weeder Rock Picker

15 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) SOWING If No: Does Equipment Why is Equipment or Method Fulfill or Method Equipment or Method Make, Model, or Type its Function Well? Unsatisfactory? Bed Marker Bed Maker Drill Seeder Broadcast Seeder Mulch Spreader Bed Sander Bed Roller 7. IRRIGATION Ditch Overhead Oscillation Overhead Impulse (Fixed) Overhead Impulse (Portable) 335

16 336 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) FERTILIZATION If No: Does Equipment Why is Equipment or Method Fulfill or Method Equipment or Method Make, Model, or Type its Function Well? Unsatisfactory? Granular Applicator Liquid Gravity Applicator (Drenching) Liquid Pressure Sprayer Soil Injector Irrigation Manure Spreader Yes Yes No No 9. SOIL AMENDMENTS Manure Spreader Mulch Spreader Apricultural Seed Drill

17 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) SEEDBED CULTIVATION If No: Does Equipment Why is Equipment or Method Fulfill or Method Equipment or Method Make, Model, or Type its Function Well? Unsatisfactory? Path Cultivator (Hand) Path Cultivator (Mechanized) Row Cultivator (Hand) Row Cultivator (Mechanized) Pipeline Cultivator (Hand) Pipeline Cultivator (Mechanized) 11. ROOT PRUNING Side Root Pruner (Disc) Side Root Pruner (Fixed) Bottom Root Pruner (Fixed) Bottom Root Pruner (Reciprocating) Root Wrencher 337

18 338 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) TOP PRUNING If No: Does Equipment Why is Equipment or Method Fulfill or Method Equipment or Method Make, Model, or Type its Function Well? Unsatisfactory? Hand Shearing Rotary Mower Sickle Bar 13. HERBICIDE AND INSECTICIDE SPRAYING Hand Sprayer Tractor Mounted Boom Sprayer Trailer Mounted Boom Sprayer Mist or Dust Blower 14. FROST PROTECTION Irrigation Smudge Pots Covering (Plastic Sheet)

19 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) TRANSPLANTING If No: Does Equipment Why is Equipment or Method Fulfill or Method Equipment or Method Make, Model, or Type its Function Well? Unsatisfactory? Hand Transplanting Board Self-Propelled Transplanter Tractor Drawn Transplanter 16. FIELD LIFTING Rigid Undercutting Blade Rigid Undercutting Blade W/Agitator Manual Lifting % -- If seedlings are lifted both manually and Mechanical Harvesting % mechanically, give approximate percentage of each used. 17. FIELD HANDLING Boxes Bins Tubs Fabric, Slings 339

20 340 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) FIELD TRANSPORT If No: Does Equipment Why is Equipment or Method Fulfill or Method Equipment or Method Make, Model, or Type its Function Well? Unsatisfactory? Trailer Truck Forklift 19. GRADING AND COUNTING Stationary Table Moving Belt Counter (Mechanical or Electrical) Counter (Weight) Counter (Manual)

21 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) SEEDLING PACKAGING If No: Does Equipment Why is Equipment or Method Fulfill or Method Equipment or Method Make, Model, or Type its Function Well? Unsatisfactory? Mechanical Bundling Manual Bundling Boxes Bags Bales Crates Stapler Taper Stitcher Baler Packing Medium 21. SEEDLING STORAGE Refrigerated Storage Non-Refrigerated Storage Humidify Control Permanent Racks Pallet System Palleteer System 341

22 342 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) SEEDLING HANDLING If No: Does Equipment Why is Equipment or Method Fulfill or Method Equipment or Method Make, Model, or Type its Function Well? Unsatisfactory? Forklift Skids Carts Belt Conveyor Roller Conveyor 23. SHIPPING FOR OUTPLANTING Refrigerated Non-Refrigerated Common Carrier 24. SPECIALIZED ON-SITE TRANSPORTATION Buses Crew Carriers Scooters

23 Nursery Questionnaire (continued) TRACTORS Does Equipment or Method Fulfill Make, Model, and Horsepower Crawler Wheeled Gas Diesel its Function Well? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No What 3 pieces of nursery equipment need the most improvement? List in priority order. Equipment What needs to be improved?

24 Please estimat e the number of seasonal workers employed by your nursery last year in the four functions listed. Number of Seasonal Employees Minimum Maximum Cone harvesting Seed processing Nursery seedling production Seedling packing shed operation How many permanent employees do you have? We realize that this questionnaire has taken a considerable amount of your time and want to sincerely thank you. The information produced by this survey will insure the success of the Bareroot Nursery Conference and make the resulting Proceedings a valuable bareroot nursery manual.