FARMING FOR THE 21 ST CENTURY W W W. M S O I L S E E D S. C O M

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1 FARMING FOR THE 21 ST CENTURY W W W. M S O I L S E E D S. C O M

6 FARMING FOR THE 21 ST CENTURY TWO FACILITIES: American Falls, Idaho Weston, Idaho

7 AMERICAN FALLS FACILITY

8 WESTON FACILITY

PRODUCTS AND SHIPMENT METHODS Mountain States Oilseeds offers for sale safflower, mustard and flax.

choose his own individual needs. MSO can assemble, clean and store all types of commodities.

Bulk shipments can be field run or cleaned and shipped by rail or truck.

We have worked with the Idaho Department of Agriculture and Farm Bureau recognizing international needs.

Our products are Kosher certified and produced under grower contracts. We visit fields from seeding to harvest.

9 PRODUCTS AND SHIPMENT METHODS Mountain States Oilseeds offers for sale safflower, mustard and flax. With state of the art cleaning equipment, MSO can clean to number 1 grade (state or federal) or the buyer can choose his own individual needs. MSO can assemble, clean and store all types of commodities. Our commodities can be assembled in bags, totes or shipped bulk. Bulk shipments can be field run or cleaned and shipped by rail or truck. International Customers Mountain States Oilseeds is very aggressive in international market development. We have worked with the Idaho Department of Agriculture and Farm Bureau recognizing international needs. We regularly ship back and forth to Canada and into Mexico. No country is out of our reach. Our products are Kosher certified and produced under grower contracts. We visit fields from seeding to harvest. Our safflower, flax and mustard are tested yearly by a certified laboratory for quality, and pesticide standards that ensure our customers a product that meets clean food standards. Many years of experience has made MSO the leader in oilseed crops in Idaho as well as the intermountain west.

10 MSO HISTORY

11 YELLOW MUSTARD 4 Reasons to GROW MUSTARD 1. Environmentally Safe Bio-Fumigation 2. Alter Insect Life Cycles Reduce levels of Wire Worms Suppress Soil Nematodes 3. Change your Soil Biology Control Annual Grass Problems in Cereal Crops Increase Soil Water Filtration 4. Crop Rotation: Maximize Profit!!

12 Southeast Idaho Growers produce world class Yellow Mustard!

13 REGISTERED HERBICIDES PRE-PLANT SOIL APPLIED Trifluralin Treflan, etc. POST EMERGENCE Clethodim Select Select Max, etc. Always check to verify product is labeled for intended use in your area.

SOIL PREPARATION & SEEDING Yellow Mustard usually matures in 80-85 days Seeding rate is 10lbs/acre dry land Seeding rate is 14 lbs/acre irrigated Utilize a firm seed bed with

14 SOIL PREPARATION & SEEDING Yellow Mustard usually matures in days Seeding rate is 10lbs/acre dry land Seeding rate is 14 lbs/acre irrigated Utilize a firm seed bed with planting depth no more than ½ deep. Row widths seem to favor 6 rows. EARLY SEEDING WILL RESULT IN SUBSTANTIAL INCREASES IN YEILDS mustard will germinate in 40 degree soil temperatures.

15 MUSTARD FERTILITY DRY LAND General Recommendation: Yield Goal 1500 lbs. IRRIGATED General Recommendation: Yield Goal 2500 lbs. 75 N (supplemental N plus soil N) 75 S (supplemental S + Soil S) 150 N (supplemental plus soil N) 110 S (supplemental plus soil S) 25 P (supplemental) 50 P (supplemental)

IRRIGATION SCHEDULES Water planting seed up if necessary Start water at late rosette stage Watering is very important at beginning of stem elobgation

16 IRRIGATION SCHEDULES Water planting seed up if necessary Start water at late rosette stage Watering is very important at beginning of stem elobgation Keep soil moisture above 60% through flowering Post flower requires one to two waterings Shut water off after seed fill (mustard plants start changing color)

17 EMERGENCE

18 START WATERING (Rosette Stage)

19 EARLY FLOWER (Start of Peak Water Demand)

20 FULL BLOOM (Peak Water Demand)

21 IRRIGATE THROUGH POD FILL

22 COLOR CHANGE (Irrigation is complete)

HARVESTING MUSTARD Direct combine on the stump Slow cylinder speed 400-600 RPM Top

23 HARVESTING MUSTARD Direct combine on the stump Slow cylinder speed RPM Top chauffer completely closed to slightly cracked Bottom sleve closed Wind very similar to barley

FLAX Why is Flax an excellent choice in a rotation? 1. Excellent crop for direct drill farming Both boadleaf and grass herbicides are labeled for Flax 2.

24 FLAX Why is Flax an excellent choice in a rotation? 1. Excellent crop for direct drill farming Both boadleaf and grass herbicides are labeled for Flax 2. Flax breaks up pest life cycles Reduce wire worm population 3. Reduces annual grassy weeds in a mono culture grain rotation 4. Adds soil tilth ahead of potatoes Increases soil structure less clods Now is the time to add FLAX to your Rotation! 5. Increases grain yields????? 10% or > Decreases snow mold in winter wheat 6. Demand is increasing U.S. Markets are using more Flax!

25 =

PRODUCTION GUIDLINES Flax grows well in a wide variety of climatic conditions Pre and Post labeled chemicals for broad leafs and grasses Frost tolerant down to 18 F at

flower to seed color change Fertilizer recommendations (Flax seed is very sensitive to fertilizer close to the seed) Flax uses nitrogen very efficiently Flax likes high

26 PRODUCTION GUIDLINES Flax grows well in a wide variety of climatic conditions Pre and Post labeled chemicals for broad leafs and grasses Frost tolerant down to 18 F at emergence All types of drills plant flax Dryland: pds / A Irrigated: pounds / A Flax is a good irrigated crop Flax responds to irrigation especially from flower to seed color change Fertilizer recommendations (Flax seed is very sensitive to fertilizer close to the seed) Flax uses nitrogen very efficiently Flax likes high levels of phosphate left over from the previous crop Soil tests should always be taken and used Harvest with regular combine after cereals Field Ripen Mature with glyphosate Swath

27 FLAX EMERGENENCE

28 BROADLEAF HERBICIDE AT 2 STAGE

29 IRRIGATION AFTER BROADLEAF APPLICATION

30 DRYLAND DIRECT DRILLED

31 DRYLAND FLAX IN BLOOM

32 FLAX READY TO SWATH/DESSICATE

33 SEED PODS ALMOST READY

34 7 DAYS TO HARVEST

36 SAFFLOWER Why is Safflower an excellent choice for your rotation? 1. Drought Tolerant 2. Reduces annual grassy weeds in a mono culture grain rotation 3. Deep tap root breaks the hard pan 4. Increasing demand in both bird food and oil consumption

PRODUCTION GUIDLINES Seeding Spring planting should occur as soon as the soil is warm enough to ensure uniform emergence (+50*). Planting after May 15th is not recommended.

37 PRODUCTION GUIDLINES Seeding Spring planting should occur as soon as the soil is warm enough to ensure uniform emergence (+50*). Planting after May 15th is not recommended. Seed at a rate pounds/acre dryland pounds/acre irrigated. Ideal seed placement 1/2" deep in a firm seedbed. Row widths from 6-14 inches. Ideal plant population is 5-7 plants per square foot. Fertility Fertilizer application rates should be based on the results of a soil test. This analysis will provide valuable information on residual nutrients available for plant usage. Safflower's root system searches for nutrients more efficiently than small grains. Average Dryland Recommendations 60 units N, 15units PH, 25units S Average Irrigated Recommendations 80units N, 35units PH, 40units S

38 PRODUCTION GUIDLINES Weed Control Approved chemicals for weed control include Treflan, Sonalan, and Eptam. Sonalan can be (dry or liquid) and have been have been used with good success on ALS resistant Kochia and Russian Thistle. Higher labeled rate of Sonalan can be used if prickly lettuce is needed to be controlled. Read and follow label for rate and applica-tion directions. Eptam is needed for night shade control especially under irrigation Harmony SG has been approved for use in Idaho for post emergence broad leaf weed control in Safflower Special Local Need Registration to allow Harmony SG (EPA Reg. No ) Herbicide for Safflower grown in Idaho, SLN No. ID pdf Direct Combining Combine directly when seed moisture content is 8%. The seed should be white in color and have lost its gray color. All makes of combines thresh safflower satisfactorily. Combine with slow cylinder speeds, tight sieve settings and air settings slightly higher than barley. Combines with adjustable top chaffers work excellent on safflower. Dockage levels below.5% is achievable with adjustable top air foil chaffers.

39 EMERGENCE STAGE

40 ROSETTE STAGE

41 ELONGATION/BRANCHING STAGE

42 BLOSSOM STAGE

43 DRYDOWN/HARVEST STAGE

47 FARMING FOR THE 21 ST CENTURY W W W. M S O I L S E E D S. C O M

Investigators: Dennis Tonks, WSU Extension Dryland Farming Specialist, Davenport Aaron Esser, WSU Extension On-Farm Testing Associate, Ritzville

Investigators: Dennis Tonks, WSU Extension Dryland Farming Specialist, Davenport Aaron Esser, WSU Extension On-Farm Testing Associate, Ritzville Project Title: Impact of Alternative Crops on Winter Wheat and Spring Cereal Establishment, Growth, Yield, and Economics in Direct Seed Systems in the Intermediate Rainfall Area of Washington. Investigators: