Forest Management Planning in Congo Basin Rainforests

Transcription

1 Sicco Dany Dogmo Pokem Forest Management Planning in Congo Basin Rainforests Combined Planning System - A New Approach for Sustainable Forest Management Schriften aus dem Institut furforstokonomie Band 32

2 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SUMMARY TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS..I IV VI XII XIII XIV 1 INTRODUCTION, Background Problem statement Insufficient knowledge about scientific and technological planning Poor quality of the existing forest management plan Ineffective forest management planning and certification Limitation regarding recent studies in forest management planning The lack of an understanding regarding the importance of forest management planning Inadequate institutional framework Failure of the institutional change system: property rights and decentralisation Inadequate benefits sharing mechanism The need to address current forest management planning Objectives, open questions, methods; process and restriction General objective Specific Objectives Research Questions ' Research process and methods First step: Problem frame and theoretical conceptual model (model building).2o Second step: Empirical and explorative study of FMP in Cameroon Third step: The model CPS description Fourth step: Discussion and recommendations Research orientation and research restriction 21 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING IN TRANSITION: A PROPOSAL FOR A COMBINED PLANNING SYSTEM (CPS) Central European forest management planning Forest management planning in forest management Central European forest management planning techniques First development phase of central European FMP: 13th to 16th century Second development phase of central European FMP: 17th-18th century Third development phase of central European FMP: 18th-19th century 27 VI

3 Fourth development phase of central European FMP: 19th-20th century Fifth development phase of central European FMP: 20th-21th century Tropical forest management planning Forest management planning understanding as "yield regulation" Forest management planning as "silvicultural systems" "Harvest systems" in the tropical region also referred to as forest management planning Sustainability in forest management planning Oldest version of sustainability in forestry - Unique function oriented FMP Sustainability in multiple uses New understanding of sustainability Challenges forest management planning faces Limits to the current forest management planning method Need for a new approach Proposing a combined planning system (CPS) The theoretical approaches of the combined planning system (CPS) Constructivist method of system design (deductive method) Discussion with experts The architecture of the CPS model Conclusion 51 3 EMPIRICAL AND EXPLORATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING SITUATION IN CAMEROON Working method Overview of research methods Qualitative data sources and data collection techniques Semi-structured interview Questionnaires Fieldwork Recording and transcription Qualitative data analysis Data structure 6i Determine analytical categories and sub-categories Sorting the data into various categories Frequency or quantitative analysis Results Forest management planning actor groups Concept definition of forest management planning Problems of forest management planning First set of forest management planning problems Difficulties to reconcile the conflicting interests (IGS2) Lack of contract between participants: Weak consensus building process (IGS4) Lack of formation, insufficient competency in forest management planning (IGS3) and bad governance (VSS1) Non-implication of all aspects of sustainable forest management (VSS2) and lack of will of certain stakeholders (VSS3) Second set of problems in forest management planning Insufficient participation of all actors or stakeholders (IGS1) 79 VII

4 Lack of financial means or capacity building (VSS4) Third set of problems in forest management planning Follow-up, monitoring and yield regulation problems (TPS3 and 4) Afforestation or regeneration and insufficient acquiring information system problems (TPS1 and 2) Restrictions to the results and conclusion VALUE AND STRATEGIC SUBSYSTEM (VSS) The necessity for integrated normative and strategic forest planning Overview of the value and strategic subsystem (VSS) Working approach in designing the value and strategic subsystem " Structure of the VSS Normative planning within the forest management planning framework Generality Definitions and elements of the normative aspect of a forest enterprise Strategic intention as link for normative and strategic planning Strategic planning process Strategic analysis Strategy formulation: synthesis and analysis Evaluation of strategy Conclusion 97 5 INSTITUTIONAL AND GOVERNANCE SUBSYSTEM (IGS) The need for IGS design The necessity for the IGS Overview of the IGS First step in the IGS design: the adapted institutional analysis and development framework Action arena or "social action field" as a focal point Action situation in forest planning system Participants analysis and configurations of actors and institutions Context analysis Attributes of biophysical conditions Socio economics attributes Legal framework: What are the current rules? Participatory rural assessment and expertises Pattern of Interaction between actors Outcome Ill 5.3 Second part of the IGS: active participation and conflict resolution mechanisms Ill Communication and consultation Consensus building process Negotiation Agreement or Contract Democratic dealing with problems or disagreements 117 vm

5 5.4 Conclusion TACTICAL PLANNING SUBSYSTEM (TPS) Overview of the TPS Pre-planning within the tactical planning system Collection of information Value and strategic subsystem information (VSS) Institutional Analysis and Development framework (IAD) information Setting of management objectives Economic goals Conservation or environmental goal Social goal Selection of species or choice of the tree species to be managed Mapping and remote sensing Forest planning area establishment Forest description ^ Forest sampling Ecosystem unit description Data entry, calculation and processing Overall planning Production district planning Forest management planning parameters Forest utilisation planning (felling plan) Forest production planning Conservation and/or protection district planning Management of the communities or social districts Cost efficiency control Work load control (medium term work scheduling) Financial control (receipt- expenditure accounting) Detailed ecosystem unit planning, controlling and monitoring Detailed ecosystem unit planning Monitoring Controlling or assessment Tactical dialogue as democratic dealing with problems First tactical dialogue Second tactical dialogue Third tactical dialogue Conclusion DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The usefulness of the CPS Discussion on the methodology CPS contribution to the ongoing FMP situation in Congo Basin CPS comparison with the existing planning system Architecture of FMP system Yield determination and evaluation Planning procedures and regulatory guidelines for FMP 162 IX

6 7.2.4 Outcome Constraints and limitations of the CPS Model Recommendations Recommendations for practice Recommendations for research Work concerning the improvement of the existing findings of the Chapter 3 and specifically of the current CPS Work concerning the implementation or application of the CPS model in the real world REFERENCES I 9 APPENDIXES XXXIV 9.1 APPENDIX A: Congo Basin rainforests region xxxiv 9.2 APPENDIX B: A typical village in the rainforests xxxv 9.3 APPENDIX C: Synthesis on Cameroon forest management planning guidelines xxxvi Forest management option on national level xxxvi Forest management option on Forest Management Unit (FMU) xl 9.4 APPENDIX D: Rainforests destruction in Cameroon xliv 9.5 APPENDIX E: EU-based forest companies with logging operations in Central Africa 9.6 APPENDIX F: Management of the production Permanent Forest Estate (PFE) for Cameroon xlvi 9.7 APPENDIX G: Central European forest management planning techniques., xlvii 9.8 APPENDIX H: Rationalist approach in tropical forest management planning xlv xlviii 9.9 APPENDIX I: Participatory decision making continuum xlix 9.10 APPENDIX J: Forms of sustainability I 9.11 APPENDIX K: Forest management planning definition oriented to unique function li 9.12 APPENDIX L: Definition of forest management planning oriented to multiple use function liv 9.13 APPENDIX M: Formel system representation and subsystem Iv 9.14 APPENDIX N: Theoretical references for the CPS design lvi 9.15 APPENDIX O: Forest management planning participants groups description lvii 9.16 APPENDIX P: Interview manual lxi

7 9.17 APPENDIX Q: The six types of High Conservation Value areas Ixii ZUSAMMENFASSUNG '. LXIII RESUME LXV XI