National Elm Trial in Minnesota
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- Cornelius Brooks
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1 National Elm Trial in Minnesota Established: Located: University of Minnesota Landscape Arboretum, 3675 Arboretum Drive, Chaska, MN cultivars originally in trial (#16 not planted) Replacement cultivars in B+B added in 2007(17+18, Valley Forge +Princeton) No irrigation Poor soil, heavily compacted, on a hill
2 National Elm Trial in Minnesota Diseases: primarily black spot (anthracnose of elm), trunk canker Insects: Foliar damage from European elm leaf beetle and European elm flea weevil, trunk boring from bark beetle, European fruit lecanium scale Good cultivars: Morton(M) Glossy Triumph, M Plainsman, M Stalwart Commendation, M Red Tip Danada Charm, M Accolade, Patriot, Pioneer Good U. americana cultivars Valley Forge, Princeton Unacceptable cultivars: Emer II Allee, Emerald Sunshine
3 National Elm Trial in Minnesota Participants Contact, Dr. Vera A. Krischik Associate Professor + Extension Specialist Depart Entomology, UMinnesota St. Paul, MN ; krisc001@umn.edu Michael J. McDonough Assistant Scientist Depart Entomology, UMinnesota St. Paul, MN ; mjmcdon@umn.edu Daniel R. Miller IPM coordinator MN Landscape Arboretum UMinnesota 3675 Arboretum Drive, Chaska MN ; mille414@umn.edu
4 Table 1. List and origins of cultivars # Cultivar Surviv al Parentage supplier 1 Emerald Sunshine 60% U. propinqua J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co, May 21, Emer II Allee 20% U. parvifolia J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co, May 21, Prairie expedition 80% U. americana J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co, May 21, Homestead 100% U. glabra X U. carpinifolia X U. pumila J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co, May 21, Bailey s nursery, June Morton Glossy Triumph 100% U. pumila X U. japonica X U. wilsoniana J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co, May 21, Bailey s nursery, June Morton Plainsman Vanguard 7 Morton Red TIP Danada Charm 8 Morton Stalwart Commendation 100% U. pumila X U. japonica J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co, May 21, Bailey s nursery, June % U. japonica X U. wilsoniana 100% U. carpinifolia U. pumila X U. wilsoniana J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co, May 21, 2004 J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co, May 21, Morton Accolade 100% U. japonica X U. wilsoniana J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co, May 21, Bailey s nursery, June New Horizon 100% U. pumila X U. japonica J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co, May 21, Patriot 80% U. glabra X U. carpinifolia X U. pumila) X U. wilsoniana J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co, May 21, Pioneer 100% U. glabra X U. carpinifolia J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co, May 21, Bailey s nursery, June Prospector 100% U. wilsoniana J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co, May 21, Valley Forge 100% U. americana J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co, May 21, Cathedral 80% U. americana Sept 24, Bailey s nursery, June Valley Forge B+B 100% U. americana Edelweiss Nursery,MN, Princeton B+B 100% U. americana Edelweiss Nursery, MN,2007
5 column Rep-row Morton Accolade 4 Homestead 15 Cathedral 3 Prairie Expedition 12 Pioneer 14 Valley Forge Table 2. MN Landscape Arboretum planting of elms, 5 replicates and 17 cultivars New Horizon 2 Emer II Allee 13 Prospector 8 Morton Stalwart Commendation 16 NA 6 Morton Plainsman Vanguard Morton Red DanadaCharm 17 Valley Forge 18 Princeton 1 Emerald Sunshine 5 Morton Glossy Triumph 11 Patriot Patriot 13 Prospector 15 Cathedral 1 Emerald Sunshine 16 NA 9 Morton Accolade Valley Forge 8 Morton Stalwart Commendation 5 Morton Glossy Triumph 17 Valley Forge 2 Emer II Allee 6 Morton Plainsman Vanguard Princeton 4 Homestead 10 New Horizon 3 Prairie Expedition 7 Morton Red TIP DanadaCharm 12 Pioneer NA 3 Prairie Expedition 5 Morton Glossy Triumph 14 Valley Forge 10 New Horizon 13 Prospector Princeton 12 Pioneer 1 Emerald Sunshine 8 Morton Stalwart Commendation 11 Patriot 15 Cathedral Valley Forge 4 Homestead 2 Emer II Allee 6 Morton Plainsman Vanguard 9 Morton Accolade 7 Morton Red DanadaCharm Morton Plainsman Vanguard 1 Emerald Sunshine 12 Pioneer 5 Morton Glossy Triumph 15 Cathedral 4 Homestead Valley Forge 3 Prairie Expedition Morton Stalwart Commendation 7 Morton Red DanadaCharm 10 New Horizon 11 Patriot 16 NA 18 Princeton 13 Prospector 2 Emer II Allee 9 Morton Accolade 17 Valley Forge NA 2 Emer II Allee 5 Morton Glossy Triumph 10 New Horizon 14 Valley Forge 7 Morton Red DanadaCharm Morton Stalwart Commendation 4 Homestead 18 Princeton 1 Emerald Sunshine 11 Patriot 6 Morton Plainsman Vanguard Cathedral 3 Prairie Expedition 12 Pioneer 13 Prospector 17 Valley Forge 9 Morton Accolade
6 Table 3. Survival and growth on elm cultivars at the MN Landscape Arboretum Oct MN# cultivar survival dbh height Crown shape 1 Emerald Sunshine 60% vase Emer II Allee 20% vase Prairie exped 80% vase Homestead 100% vase Morton Glossy Triumph 100% vase Morton Plainsman Vanguard 7 Morton Red TIP Danada Charm 8 Morton Stalwart Commendation Crown width 100% vase % vase % pyramid Morton Accolade 100% round New Horizon 100% oval Patriot 80% vase Pioneer 100% 10 5 oval Prospector 100% oval Valley Forge 100% vase Cathedral 80% oval Valley Forge B+B 100% vase Princeton B+B 100% vase 2.7
7 Table 4. Relative susceptibility of elm cultivars to insects and disease at the MN Landscape Arboretum Oct # Cultivar Survival Cum Tr Def Scal Spot Spot # Cank 1 Emerald Sunshine 60% MS R R MS HS 3/4 S 2 Emer II Allee 20% MS R R MS R 0/4 R 3 Prairie exped 80% R R R R HS 4/4 R 4 Homestead 100% MS R S R R 1.9/4 R Morton Glossy Triumph Morton Plainsman Vanguard Morton Red TIP Danada Charm Morton Stalwart Commendation 100% R R R R MS 2.6/4 R 100% MS R R R MS 2.6/4 S 80% MS R R R HS 3.5/4 R 100% R R R R HS 4/4 R 9 Morton Accolade 100% R R R R MS 2.9/4 R 10 New Horizon 100% MS R R MS MS 2.8/4 R 11 Patriot 80% R R R R R 1/4 R 12 Pioneer 100% R R R R R 1.9/4 R 13 Prospector 100% MS R R MS HS 3.6/4 R 14 Valley Forge 100% R R R R HS 3.6/4 R 15 Cathedral 80% MS MS R R MS 2.6/4 R 17 Valley Forge B+B 100% MS R R MS HS 3/4 R 18 Princeton B+B 100% R R R R R 1.8/4 R Susceptibility ranking is 3-4 highly susceptible; moderately susceptible; resistant, cum=cumulative biotic, Tr boring= trunk boring, small holes; Def= leaf defoliation either European elm beetle or European elm flea weevil; Scale= European lecanium scale; spot= black leaf spot; spot #=leaf spot number; cank= bark cankers
8 1. Emerald Sunshine (U.propinqua) 2. Emer II Allee (U.parvifolia) 1. Emerald Sunshine (U.propinqua) Survival: 60% Diameter at 1.4 m (cm): 3.6 Height (m): 3.1 Crown width (m):0.8 European lecanium scale: MS, 1.8/4 Disease: HS, 3/4 2. Emer II Allee (U.parvifolia) Survival: 20% Diameter at 1.4 m (cm): 2.1 Height (m): 2.7 Crown width (m): 1.8 European lecanium scale: MS, 2/4 Disease: R, 0/4
9 Diameter Growth/Year
10 Height Growth/Year
11 Crown Width Growth/Year
12 Cultivar Ratings
13 3. Prairie expedition (U.americana) 4. Homestead (U. glabra X U. carpinifolia X U. pumila) 3. Prairie expedition (U.americana) Survival: 80% Diameter at 1.4 m (cm): 3.8 Height (m): 3.3 Crown width (m): 1.8 European lecanium scale: R, 0.25/4 Disease: HS, 4/4 4. Homestead (U. glabra X U. carpinifolia X U. pumila) Diameter at 1.4 m (cm): 7.0 Height (m): 4.6 Crown width (m): 3.7 Defoliation: S, 4/4 European lecanium scale: R, 0/4 Disease: R, 1.9/4
14 5. Morton Glossy Triumph (Morton vanguard x accolade) 6. Morton Plainsman Vanguard (U. pumila X U. japonica) 5. Morton Glossy Triumph (Morton vanguard x accolade) Diameter at 1.4 m (cm): 8.4 Height (m): 4.1 Crown width (m): 2.0 Defoliation: R, 0.4/4 European lecanium scale: R, 0.8/4 Disease: MS, 2.6/4 6. Morton Plainsman Vanguard (U. pumila X U. japonica) Diameter at 1.4 m (cm): 10.9 Height (m): 5.1 Crown width (m): 3.1 European lecanium scale: R, 0/4 Tr boring: R, 1/4 Disease: MS, 2.6/4
15 7. Morton Red TIP Danada Charm (U. japonica X U. wilsoniana) 8. Morton Stalwart Commendation (U. carpinifolia X U. pumila X U. Wilsoniana) 7. Morton Red TIP Danada Charm (U. japonica X U. wilsoniana) Survival: 80% Diameter at 1.4 m (cm): 11.4 Height (m): 5.5 Crown width (m): 3.2 European lecanium scale: R, 0.5/4 Tr boring: R, 1.5/4 Disease: HS, 3.5/4 8. Morton Stalwart Commendation ((U. carpinifolia X U. pumila X U. Wilsoniana) Diameter at 1.4 m (cm): 10.7 Height (m): 4.0 Crown width (m): 3.7 Shape: pyramid European lecanium scale: R, 0/4 Disease: HS, 4/4
16 9. Morton Accolade (U. japonica X U. wilsoniana) 10. New Horizon (U. pumila X U. japonica) 9. Morton Accolade (U. japonica X U. wilsoniana) Diameter at 1.4 m (cm): 10.7 Height (m): 4.9 Crown width (m): 3.5 Shape: round European lecanium scale: R, 0/4 Disease: MS, 2.9/4 10. New Horizon (U. pumila X U. japonica) Diameter at 1.4 m (cm): 11.3 Height (m): 5.9 Crown width (m): 3.2 Shape: oval European lecanium scale: MS, 2/4 Tr boring: R, 1.6/4 Disease: MS, 2.8/4
17 11. Patriot (U. glabra X U. carpinifolia X U. pumila) X U. wilsoniana) 12. Pioneer (U. glabra X U. carpinifolia) 11. Patriot (U. glabra X U. carpinifolia X U. pumila) X U. wilsoniana) Survival: 80% Diameter at 1.4 m (cm): 8.6 Height (m): 4.1 Crown width (m): 2.6 European lecanium scale: R, 1/4 Disease: R, 1/4 12. Pioneer (U. glabra X U. carpinifolia) Diameter at 1.4 m (cm): 10.0 Height (m): 5.0 Crown width (m): 2.9 Shape: oval European lecanium scale:r, 0/4 Disease: R, 1.9/4
18 13. Prospector (U. wilsoniana) 14. Valley Forge (U. americana) 13. Prospector (U. wilsoniana) Diameter at 1.4 m (cm): 7.4 Height (m): 4.1 Crown width (m): 2.5 Shape: oval European lecanium scale: MS, 2/4 Disease: HS, 3.6/4 14. Valley Forge (U. americana) Diameter at 1.4 m (cm): 10.4 Height (m): 5.8 Crown width (m): 4.0 European lecanium scale: R, 1.3/4 Disease: HS, 3.6/4
19 15. Cathedral (U. americana) 17. Valley Forge (U. americana) 15. Cathedral (U. americana) Survival: 80% Diameter at 1.4 m (cm): 4.8 Height (m): 2.8 Crown width (m): 2.1 Shape: oval Defoliation: R, 0.6/4 European lecanium scale: R, 0/4 Tr boring: MS, 2.2/4 Disease: MS, 2.6/4 17. Valley Forge (U. americana) Diameter at 1.4 m (cm): 14.5 Height (m): 7.1 Crown width (m): 3.0 European lecanium scale: MS, 1.6/4 Disease: HS, 3.0/4
20 18. Princeton (U. americana) 18. Princeton (U. americana) Diameter at 1.4 m (cm): 14.5 Height (m): 6.5 Crown width (m): 2.7 Defoliation: R, 0.2/4 European lecanium scale: R, 1.2/4 Disease: R, 1.8/4
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