Proceedings of the 4th Meeting of IUFRO Working Party Diseases and Insects in Forest Nurseries

Transcription

1 Proceedings of the 4th Meeting of IUFRO Working Party Diseases and Insects in Forest Nurseries SUB Gottineen 21, Photo: Pekka Voipio 2003 A 236* 34 Edited by Arja Lilja and Jack R. Sutherland

2 257 Content PREFACE 3 HOLISTIC NURSERY PEST MANAGEMENT: A NEW EMPHASIS ON SEEDLING HEALTH 5 THOMAS D. LANDIS 5 Abstract 5 Introduction 5 1 Give as much attention to the environment as the pest 6 2 Are we spending too much time looking for an organism with a "smoking gun"? 7 3 Are we treating secondary conditions instead of the real problem? 8 4 Applying holistic principles to nurseries 10 5 Conclusions and recommendations 14 References 14 WEEDS, DISEASES, INSECTS AND MITES AND USE OF PESTICIDES IN FINNISH FOREST NURSERIES - RESULTS OF A SURVEY STUDY 17 MARJA-LlISA JUNTUNEN 17 Abstract 17 1 Introduction 18 2 Materials and methods 18 3 Results and discussion 19 References 31 FOREST NURSERY EXTENSION - MEANS FOR ADVISORY IN PLANT PROTECTION 33 MARJA POTERI 33 Abstract 33 Forest tree seedling production in Finland 33 Forest tree nursery extension 36 Courses 36 Guidebook 37 Newsletter 37 References 37 INTRODUCTION OF ROOTRAINER TECHNOLOGY IN FORESTRY - IMPACT ON NURSERY DISEASE MANAGEMENT 39 C. MOHANAN-: 39 Abstract 39 1 Introduction ' Materials and methods 41 3 Results and discussion. 42 References 47

3 258 VIRULENCE OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM ON DOUGLAS FIR GERMINANTS: COMPARISON OF ISOLATES FROM NURSERY SOIL AND ROOTS OF HEALTHY AND DISEASED SEEDLINGS 49 ROBERT L. JAMES, R. PEREZ, R. KASTEN DUMROESE AND DAVID L. WENNY 49 Abstract 49 1 Introduction 49 2 Materials and methods 51 3 Results 53 4 Discussion 54 References 57 PRESENCE OF FUSARIUM SPECIES IN DISEASED PINUS RADIATA SEEDLINGS IN FOREST NURSERIES IN ARGENTINA 65 GLADYS LORI, MARIA ISABEL SALERNO AND SILVIA WOLCAN 65 Abstract 65 1 Introduction 66 2 Materials and methods Fusarium populations isolated from seedbeds and nursery field soils Fusarium species associated with Pinus radiata seedlings and isolated from the rhizosphere soil Results Fusarium population isolated from nursery soils Fusarium species isolated from diseased Pinus radiata seedlings and rhizosphere soil 70 4 Discussion 71 CONTAMINATION OF PINE SEEDS BY FUSARIUMCIRCINATUM 75 L. D. DWINELLANDS. W. FRAEDRICH 75 A bstract 75 1 Introduction 75 2 Taxonomy 76 3 Distribution 76 4 Seed contamination 77 5 Cones 78 6 Seed treatments 78 7 Seedborne 79 References 80 EXPERIENCE WITH DIFFERENT DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES TO DETECT PHYTOPHTHORA SPECIES IN WATER 83 KARIN THEMANN AND SABINE WERRES 83 Abstract 83 1 Introduction 83 2 Materials and methods 83 3 Results 84 4 Discussion 86 References 87

4 259 GENETIC VARIATION AND HOST SPECIFICITY OF PHYTOPHTHORA CACTORUM 89 JARKKO HANTULA, ARJA LILJA, HEIKKI NUORTEVA, PAIVI PARIKKA, ANDSABINE WERRES 89 Abstract 89 1 Introduction 89 2 Materials and methods 90 3 Results and discussion 90 Phythophthora cactorumfrom different host species 90 References 92 IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI USING PCR/RFLP AND A PINE BIOASSAY 95 PIERRE CAMPOROTA, MARIE LOUISE SOULAS AND ROBERT PERRIN 95 Abstract 95 1 Introduction 95 2 Materials and methods 96 3 Results Discussion 104 References 105 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF WEB BLIGHT IN BAMBOO NURSERIES IN INDIA 107 C. MOHANAN 107 Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion 115 Acknowledgements 118 References 119 PATHOGENICITY OF ANAMORPH OF CERATOBASIDIUM BICORNE 123 ARJALILJA, RISTORIKALA, JUHA HEISKANEN, LEO TERVO AND RIITTA HEINONEN 123 Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion 133 References 134 MORPHOLOGICAL, MOLECULAR AND PATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RHIZOCTONIA-UKE FUNGI FROM SPANISH FOREST NURSERIES 139 M. A. EL BAKALI AND M. P MARTIN 139 Abstract Introduction Material and methods 140 References 146

5 260 ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS AGAINST RHIZOCTONIA ROOT INFECTION OF CONTAINER-GROWN SCOTS PINE SEEDLINGS 151 KAROLIINA NIEMI, ARJA LILJA, ANNE KASURINEN AND HELVI HEINONEN-TANSKI 151 Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion 159 References 160 POSSIBLE USE OF MYCORRHIZAS AND HOST PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES FOR CONTROL OF INSECT HERBIVORES ON SCOTS PINE.163 ANNE-MARJA MANNINEN, TOINI HOLOPAINEN, MARTTI VUORINEN, AND JARMO K. HOLOPAINEN 163 Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion 171 References 173 THE EFFECT OF NURSERY APPLIED FUNGICIDES ON THE GROWTH AND MYCORRHIZA ABUNDANCE OF SCOTS PINE SEEDLINGS 177 TARJA LAATIKAINEN, MARJA-LIISA JUNTUNEN, 177 AND HELVI HEINONEN-TANSKI 177 Abstract Introduction Material and methods Results Discussion 183 Acknowledgements : 185 References 185 TIMING FUNGICIDE APPLICATIONS FOR CONTROL OF SCLERODERRIS CANKER: EFFICACY OF FUNGICIDES APPLIED TO SPORES, HYPHAE AND DISEASED SEEDLINGS 189 RAIJA-LIISA PETAISTO AND MARJA-LIISA JUNTUNEN 189 Abstract Introduction._ Materials and methods Results Discussion and conclusions 197 Acknowledgements 198 References 198

6 261 GENETIC VARIATION OF PYRENOPEZIZA BETULICOLA, THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF BIRCH LEAF SPOT DISEASE 201 LAURA PAAVOLAINEN, JARKKO HANTULA AND TIMO KURKELA 201 Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion 204 References 205 ON THE POWDERY MILDEW DISEASE OF SOME FOREST SEEDLINGS IN EGYPT: HOST RANGE, SEASONAL VARIATION AND INFLUENCE OF LIGHT INTENSITY ON DISEASE SEVERITY 207 AHMED A. A. EL-SETTAWY 207 Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods 208 Results and Discussion 210 References 213 A REVIEW OF FOLIAGE DISEASES, AND THEIR CONTROL, OF NURSERY SEEDLINGS IN SHIMANE PREFECTURE, JAPAN 215 YASUOSUTO 215 Abstract Introduction Production of nursery seedlings inshimane Prefecture Overview of foliage diseases of nursery seedlings Main foliage diseases on nursery seedlings and their control 218 References 222 SOME NEW AND RARE FOREST TREE SEEDLING DISEASES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC 225 VLASTISLAV JANCARIK AND ZDENKA PROCHAZKOVA 225 Abstract 225 Introduction 225 References 229 STATUS OF FOREST NURSERY DISEASES IN INDIA AND EMERGING TRENDS IN SEEDLING DISEASE MANAGEMENT 231 C. MOHANAN Abstract Introduction Present status of diseases in forest nurseries Diseases in rootrainer nurseries New trends in seedling disease management 240 References 241

7 262 PRELIMINARY REPORT ON ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE DISEASE OF ACACIA MANGIUM SEEDLINGS 243 MACHUO 243 Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion 245 References 246 DISEASES AND PESTS IN FOREST NURSERIES IN CROATIA DURING MILAN GLAV AS 247 Abstract 247 PEST PROBLEMS AND FUMIGATION IN PINE NURSERIES IN SOUTHERN UNITED STATES 249 STEPHEN W. FRAEDRICH AND L. DAVID DWINELL 249 Abstract 249 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 251