GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2015 COUNTRY REPORT. Poland

Transcription

1 GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2015 COUNTRY REPORT Poland Rome, 2014

2 FAO, at the request of its member countries, regularly monitors the world s forests and their management and uses through the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA). This country report is prepared as a contribution to the FAO publication, the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 (FRA 2015). The content and the structure are in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines given by FAO in the document Guide for country reporting for FRA 2015 ( These reports were submitted to FAO as official government documents. The content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting the report to FAO. FAO may not be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained in this report.

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Report preparation and contact persons What is the area of forest and other wooded land and how has it changed over time? What is the area of natural and planted forest and how has it changed over time? What are the stocks and growth rates of the forests and how have they changed? What is the status of forest production and how has it changed over time? How much forest area is managed for protection of soil and water and ecosystem services? How much forest area is protected and designated for the conservation of biodiversity and how has it changed over time? What is the area of forest affected by woody invasive species? How much forest area is damaged each year? What is the forest area with reduced canopy cover? What forest policy and regulatory framework exists to support implementation of sustainable forest management SFM? Is there a national platform that promotes stakeholder participation in forest policy development? What is the forest area intended to be in permanent forest land use and how has it changed over time? How does your country measure and report progress towards SFM at the national level? What is the area of forest under a forest management plan and how is this monitored? How are stakeholders involved in the management decision making for publicly owned forests? What is the area of forest under an independently verified forest certification scheme? How much money do governments collect from and spend on forests? Who owns and manages the forests and how has this changed? How many people are directly employed in forestry? What is the contribution of forestry to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)? What is forest area likely to be in the future

4 Report preparation and contact persons Contact persons The present report was prepared by the following person(s) Name (FAMILY NAME, first name) Institution/address Tables Jablonski Marek Kaliszewski Adam Kalinowski Michal Przypasniak Jacek Zajaczkowski Stanislaw Neroj Bozydar Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Management Braci Lesnej 3 S#kocin Stary Raszyn Poland Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Management Braci Lesnej 3 S#kocin Stary Raszyn Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Management Braci Lesnej 3 S#kocin Stary Raszyn Directorate General of the State Forests, Bitwy Warszawskiej 1920 r. nr Warszawa Bureau for Forest Management and Geodesy, Sekocin Stary, ul. Lesnikow Raszyn Polska Bureau for Forest Management and Geodesy, Sekocin Stary, ul. Lesnikow Raszyn Polska M.Jablonski@ibles.waw.pl 1-4a; 4c-8b; 13,14 A. Kaliszewski@ibles.waw.pl M.Kalinowski@ibles.waw.pl 4b, 16 Introductory Text The main data source for FRA 2015 are official forestry statistics compiled and published by Central Statistical Office of Poland. Data are collected within country statistical programme, from all administrative (community) units, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, The State Forests National Forest Holding, Forest Research Institute, forest industries and other institutions. Figures about wood resources for 2010 and data used for 2015 projection come from National Forest Inventory (NFI) performed by Bureau for Forest Management and Geodesy based on methodology prepared by Forest Research Institute. NFI was launched in 2005 as a five-year measurement project. In 2010 the second cycle of NFI was started. Because of inconsistencies occurring between national and FAO reporting necessary recalculations were made, based on experts' knowledge, for the purpose of this report. Desk Study? Check "yes" if this survey is a Desk Study, "no" otherwise 4

5 Desk Study? no 5

6 1. What is the area of forest and other wooded land and how has it changed over time? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 1.1 Categories and definitions Forest Other wooded land Other land...of which with tree cover (sub-category) Inland water bodies Forest expansion...of which afforestation (sub-category)...of which natural expansion of forest (subcategory) Deforestation...of which human induced (sub-category) Reforestation...of which artificial reforestation (subcategory) Definition Land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of more than 10 percent or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use. Land not classified as "Forest" spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of 5-10 percent or trees able to reach these thresholds ; or with a combined cover of shrubs bushes and trees above 10 percent. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use. All land that is not classified as "Forest" or "Other wooded land". Land considered as "Other land", that is predominantly agricultural or urban lands use and has patches of tree cover that span more than 0.5 hectares with a canopy cover of more than 10 percent of trees able to reach a height of 5 meters at maturity. It includes bothe forest and non-forest tree species. Inland water bodies generally include major rivers, lakes and water reservoirs. Expansion of forest on land that, until then, was not defined as forest. Establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land that, until then, was not defined as forest. Expansion of forests through natural succession on land that, until then, was under another land use (e.g. forest succession on land previously used for agriculture). The conversion of forest to other land use or the longterm reduction of the tree canopy cover below the minimum 10 percent threshold. Human induced conversion of forest to other land use or the permanent reduction of the tree canopy cover below the minimum 10 percent threshold. Natural regeneration or re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land already in forest land use. Re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land already in forest land use. 1.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information Variables Years Additional comments 1 Central Statistical Office; Forest area, inland water bodies, 2012 Information achieved from the Central Statistical Office database 6

7 2 Central Statistical Office, yearbooks Environment 3 Central Statistical Office, yearbooks Forestry Country area, inland water bodies 2005, 2010, 2012 forest area 1990, 1994, 2000, 2005, 2010 Definition of forest was changed in For 1990 forest area doesn t contain lands related to forestry. 4 FAOSTAT Country area, Land area Central Statistical Office yearbooks Forestry Afforestation, reforestation, natural expansion, deforestation , , , Classification and definitions National class Definition Forest (1) Land covered with forest vegetation, of area above 0.1 ha; it includes forest grounds temporarily deprived of forest vegetation, and (2) Lands related to forestry (forest roads, nurseries etc.). Both of them, when recorded in land-use (cadastral) system. Other wooded land Other land with tree cover Inland water bodies Not defined. Not defined. Inland water bodies include rivers, lakes, water reservoirs and interior sea water. Up to 2001 inland water was containing ponds and ditches. Since 2001 ponds and ditches have been removed from this category into land area Original data National Categories Area (1000 hectares) forest - (1) forest (2) should be estimated Other land Inland water bodies TOTAL a) a) a) a) a) a) Difference between total area results from the change of country borders due to Vistula river-bed alteration and rounding of the numbers. 7

8 Corected inland water - figures sent to FAO within "FAO Questionnaire Land Use and Irrigation " FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS - STATISTICS DIVISION AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES - LAND USE AND IRRIGATION (000 ha) # Please report Land use data according to the classification listed in the questionnaire. However, if a different classification and land definitions have been used, please explain the differences in the NOTES column (or by adding a supplementary information sheet). # For Land use categories description and other important instructions, please refer to the "Explanatory notes" and "Instructions" sheets. FAO CODE LAND CATEGORIES Land use FORMULAS NOTES (000 ha) (000 ha) (000 ha) (000 ha) (000 ha) (000 ha) 6680 Inland waters (27) (27)=(28)+ (29)+(32)+ (33) includes: marine internal waters, surface flowing waters and surface standing waters. Data of the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography. Area of aforestation, reforestation, natural expantion of forest and deforestation Year hectares 8

9 afforestation reforestation of wchich artificial natural expansion of forest deforestation

10 Analysis and processing of national data Adjustment Estimation and forecasting The area of lands related to forestry (position 2 in forest definition) for year 1990 (187 thou. hectares) is estimated basing on data for The area of forest for 2015 is forecasted by extrapolation of data for 2010 and Inland water bodies for last available figure was used Reclassification Forest area in table 1a consist of both national subcategories - land covered with forest vegetation and land related to forestry. 1.4 Data Table 1a Categories Area (000 hectares) Forest Other wooded land Other land of which with tree cover Inland water bodies

11 TOTAL Table 1b Categories Annual forest establishment / loss (000 hectares per year)...of which of introduced species (000 hectares per year) Forest expansion of which afforestation of which natural expansion of forest Deforestation of which human induced Reforestation of which artificial Tiers Tier for status Tier for reported trend Forest Tier 2 Tier 2 Other wooded land Tier 2 Tier 2 Forest expansion Tier 2 Tier 2 Deforestation Tier 2 Tier 2 Reforestation Tier 2 Tier 2 Tier criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend Forest Other wooded land Afforestation Reforestation Natural expansion of forest Deforestation 1.5 Comments Tier 3 : Data sources: Either recent (less than 10 years ago) National Forest Inventory or remote sensing, with ground truthing, or programme for repeated compatible NFIs Tier 2 : Data sources: Full cover mapping / remote sensing or old NFI (more than 10 years ago) Tier 1 : Other Comments related to data definitions etc Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other Comments on the reported trends 11

12 Forest Definition of forest in Poland is a land use related. Only areas recorded as a forest in the Polish land use register are reported. According to the Polish definitions, the minimum area of forest should be at least 0.1 ha. Up to now there is no data evaluating the share of forest plots greater than 0.1 ha and less than 0.5 ha. The total number of those forest plots is big but we are of the opinion that the area occupied by them is not significant therefore this item has not been adjusted. Other wooded land In the Polish geodesy system exist category like "woodlots" (270 thousand ha in 2011) but there is no other information about the use and features of that grounds. For this purpose this category wasn't included under the other wooded land neither other land with tree cover. Other land Other land with tree cover Inland water bodies There is no consistency between 1990/2000 and 2005/2010 data because of changes in definition of inland water. Some positions (ponds, ditches) previously reported as inland water are included now to the area of agriculture lands. Forest expansion Natural expansion of forest wasn't recorded before Deforestation Reforestation Other general comments to the table 12

13 2. What is the area of natural and planted forest and how has it changed over time? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 2.1 Categories and definitions Term Naturally regenerated forest Naturalized introduced species Introduced species Primary forest Other naturally regenerated forest...of which of introduced species (sub-category)...of which naturalized (sub-sub category) Planted forest...of which of introduced species (sub-category) Mangroves...of which planted (subcategory) Definition Forest predominantly composed of trees established through natural regeneration. Other naturally regenerated forest where the tree species are predominantly non-native and do not need human help to reproduce/maintain populations over time. A species, subspecies or lower taxon occurring outside its natural range (past or present) and dispersal potential (i.e. outside the range it occupies naturally or could occupy without direct or indirect introduction or care by humans). Definition Naturally regenerated forest of native species where there are no clearly visible indications of human activities and the ecological processes are not significantly disturbed. Naturally regenerated forest where there are clearly visible indications of human activities. Other naturally regenerated forest where the trees are predominantly of introduced species. Other naturally regenerated forest where the trees are predominantly of naturalized introduced species. Forest predominantly composed of trees established through planting and/or deliberate seeding. Planted forest where the planted/seeded trees are predominantly of introduced species. Area of forest and other wooded land with mangrove vegetation. Mangroves predominantly composed of trees established through planting. 2.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information Variables Years Additional comments 1 Central Statistical Office, yearbooks Forestry 2 National Forest Inventory database, expert estimation Strictly protected area of forests in national parks and reserves share of sample plots dominated by introduced species 1990, 2000, 2005, 2010, , 2010,

14 Classification and definitions National class Primary Other naturally regenerated forest Planted forest Planted forest of introduced species Definition Strictly protected area of forests in nature reserves and national parks. not applicable not applicable Stands of following dominant species: Robinia pseudoacacia, Quercus rubra, Pinus strobus, Pinus nigra, Pinus rigida, Pinus banksiana, Acer negundo, Juglans nigra, Aeskulus hippocastanum, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Picea sitchensis, Picea omorika, Picea pungens Original data year strictly proteced areas [1000 ha] of forests in: national parks nature reserves Analysis and processing of national data Adjustment Estimation and forecasting Primary forest For 2015 strictly protected area of national parks and reserves for 2012 was used 14

15 Planted forestof introduced species Number of sample NFI plots dominated by introduced species was estimated basing on basal area of trees with d.b.h. greater or equal 7 cm. Refering to metodology used in Polish NFI, data from measurement were calculated with respect to the area of forest for For 2015 linear extrapolation was done, basing on data for 2008 (NFI ) and 2011 (NFI ) Reclassification 2.4 Data Table 2a Categories Forest area (000 hectares) Primary forest Other naturally regenerated forest... of which of introduced species of which naturalized Planted forest of which of introduced species TOTAL Table 2b Other natural regeneration Primary forest converted to (000 ha) Planted Other land Other natural regeneration Planted Other land Other natural regeneration Planted Other land Table 2c 15

16 Categories Area (000 hectares) Mangroves (forest and OWL) of which planted Tiers Tier for status Tier for reported trend Primary forest Tier 1 Tier 1 Other naturally regenerated forest Tier 1 Tier 1 Planted forest Tier 3 Tier 3 Mangroves Tier 1 Tier 1 Tier Criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend Primary forest/other naturally regenerated forest/planted forest Tier 3 : Data sources: Recent (less than 10 years) National Forest Inventory or remote sensing with ground truthing or data provided by official agencies or programme for repeated compatible NFIs Tier 2 : Data sources: Full cover mapping/ remote sensing or old NFI (more than 10 years) Tier 1 : Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other 2.5 Comments Comments related to data definitions etc Primary forest The area of primary forest is not directly monitored. For the purpose of this report relevant values were seized with use of protectiveness status - areas strictly protected were qualified. Other naturally regenerating forest Estimation of this category is not possible according to country data sources. Figure reported for FRA 2010 were consider as too uncertain. Planted forest Estimation of this category is not possible according to country data sources. Figure reported for FRA 2010 were consider as too uncertain. Mangroves Not applicable Comments on reported trend Other general comments to the table 16

17 17

18 3. What are the stocks and growth rates of the forests and how have they changed? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 3.1 Categories and definitions Growing stock Net Annual Increment (NAI) Above-ground biomass Below-ground biomass Dead wood Carbon in above-ground biomass Carbon in below-ground biomass Carbon in dead wood Carbon in litter Soil carbon Definition Volume over bark of all living trees with a minimum diameter of 10 cm at breast height (or above buttress if these are higher). Includes the stem from ground level up to a top diameter of 0 cm, excluding branches. Average annual volume of gross increment over the given reference period less that of natural losses on all trees, measured to minimum diameters as defined for "Growing stock". All living biomass above the soil including stem stump branches bark seeds and foliage. All biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than 2 mm diameter are excluded because these often cannot be distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter. All non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter either standing lying on the ground or in the soil. Dead wood includes wood lying on the surface dead roots and stumps larger than or equal to 10 cm in diameter or any other diameter used by the country. Carbon in all living biomass above the soil including stem stump branches bark seeds and foliage. Carbon in all biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than 2 mm diameter are excluded because these often cannot be distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter. Carbon in all non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter, either standing, lying on the ground, or in the soil. Dead wood includes wood lying on the surface, dead roots and stumps larger than or equal to 10 cm in diameter or any other diameter used by the country. Carbon in all non-living biomass with a diameter less than the minimum diameter for dead wood (e.g. 10 cm ) lying dead in various states of decomposition above the mineral or organic soil. Organic carbon in mineral and organic soils (including peat) to a soil depth of 30 cm. 3.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information 1 Central Statistical Office. Yearbook Forestry in State Forest Holding. Forest Report State Forest Holding. Forest Report National Forest Inventory Variables Years Additional comments Growing stock; Species composition by dominant species 1990 Growing stock 2000 Growing stock 2005 Growing Stock, standing and lying dead wood

19 5 National Forest Inventory National Forest Inventory Growing Stock, species composition (from NFI database), net annual increment, standing and lying dead wood Growing Stock, standing and lying dead wood Classification and definitions National class Definition Growing stock Above-ground biomass Below-ground biomass Dead wood Volume over bark of all living trees more than 7 cm in diameter at breast height. Branches to a minimum diameter of 7 cm are included, stumps are excluded. Coherent with FAO definitions Coherent with FAO definitions Minimum diameter equal 7 cm was used. Stumps and dead roots are included Original data tree genera or species growing stock [milion m 3 ] Norway Spruce European Silver Fir Scots Pine and remaining coniferous European Beech Silver Birch Alder Hornbeam Aspen, Poplar Oak and remaining broadleaves

20 tree genera or species dead wood [milion m 3 overbark] - diameter equal or higher than 7 cm; standing lying standing lying standing lying Norway Spruce European Silver Fir Scots Pine and remaining coniferous European Beech Silver Birch Alder Hornbeam Aspen, Poplar Oak, remaining broadleaves Data for stumps and roots biomass estimation comes from NFI. Volume of fellings (during not defined period of time) based on diameter of not decomposed and partly decomposed stumps. Only stumps with diameter equal or higher than 10 cm were inventored. Data for 2010 (NFI ). tree genera or species [milion m 3 ] Norway Spruce 25.2 European Silver Fir 16.9 Scots Pine, remaining coniferous European Beech 31.7 Silver Birch 12.3 Alder 9.9 Hornbeam

21 Aspen, Poplar 1.5 Oak, remaining broadleaves 32.9 Carbon in soil by forest habitats - Biosoil project and database for Figures come from 524 sample plots and represent 98.8 of forest sites. Area of forest habitats for 2010 (NFI data). Carbon forest site Mg C per ha - up to 40 cm depth area of site [ha] dry coniferous forest fresh coniferous forest moist coniferous forest boggy coniferous forest fresh mixed coniferous forest moist mixed coniferous forest boggy mixed coniferous forest fresh mixed broadleaved forest moist mixed broadleaved forest boggy mixed broadleaved forest fresh broadleaved forest moist broadleaved forest alder forest alder-ash forest riparian forest upland mixed broadleaved forest upland fresh broadleaved forest upland riparian forest mountain moist coniferous forest mountain fresh mixed coniferous forest

22 mountain boggy mixed coniferous forest mountain fresh mixed broadleaved forest mountain fresh broadleaved forest mountain moist broadleaved forest % of total forest area 98,8% 3.3 Analysis and processing of national data Adjustment Estimation and forecasting Growing stock: For 2010 NFI data were used. Refering to metodology used in Polish NFI, data from measurements were calculated with respect to the area of forest for For 2015 linear extrapolation was done, basing on data for 2008 (NFI ) and 2011 (NFI ). Despite of changes of inventory method, old data for 1990, 2000 and 2005, existing in Polish statistics, weren't recalculated. Growing stock by species Data for 2010 come from NFI Data for (from standwise inventory) are available only by dominant species. Beacuse of huge differences resulting from mentioned system of generalization as well as changes of inventory method data for years weren't reported. Above ground biomass 22

23 Dry mass of wood biomass was calculated under the assumption, that about 15% of growing stock is a bark. Independent density factors for wood and bark were used (Dietz 1975), for wood coherent with IPCC guildlines For all species BEF factor equal 1.3 was used. It was recognized that proposed by IPCC guidlines BEF=1.4 for broadleves is too high according to Polish circumstances. Although data for species composition for years weren't reported, they were used for biomass estimation. Dominant species Growing stock [million m 3 over bark] Pine Spruce Fir Oak Beech Birch Alder Hornbeam Aspen Poplar Species composition for 2015 was forecasted basing on NFI data - trends observed beetwen 2008 and 2011 as follows: tree genera or species growing stock [milion m 3 ] Norway Spruce 1480 European Silver Fir 167 Scots Pine and remaining coniferous 101 European Beech 173 Silver Birch 154 Alder

24 Hornbeam 33 Aspen, Poplar 28 Oak and remaining broadleaves 281 Bellow ground biomass was assessed as 20% of above ground biomass. Dead wood biomass Data from NFI were used. Final data comes from two datasets. 1. Wood with diameter equal or higher than 7 cm. The same BEF, wood density and bark density rates as for growing stock were applied. Volume of standing trees was multiplied by 1.2 for estimation of bellow ground biomass. Forecasting of this set of wood for 2015 was done by the same manner as for growing stock, i.e. basing on trends between 2008 and Biomass of dead stumps and roots. Volume of felled trees was multiplied by BEF=1.3, appriopriate WD rates and R:S (root to shoot) ratio equal 0.2. The same data were used for 2010 and Carbon The default global carbon fraction recommended by IPCC, i.e (Appendix 5, table 5.2 of Guide to FRA 2015) was used. Carbon in soil, for not available forest habitats, was estimated using following data and matrix: forest site area [ha] formula for C per ha estimation upland mixed coniferous forest fresh mixed coniferous forest +25% upland moist broadleaved forest moist broadleaved forest +25% upland alder-ash forest 3231 alder-ash forest + 25% mountain fresh coniferous forest fresh coniferous forest + 25% mountain boggy coniferous forest 960 mountain boggy mixed coniferous forest 24

25 mountain moist mixed coniferous forest mountain moist mixed broadleaved forest 5583 moist mixed coniferous forest + 25% 8332 moist mixed broadleaved forest +25% mountain riparian forest 5557 upland riparian forest mountain alder-ash forest 1174 alder-ash forest + 25% high-mountain coniferous forest 7641 fresh coniferous forest + 25% % of total forest area 1,2% Reclassification 3.4 Data Table 3a Growing stock volume (million m 3 over bark) Forest Other wooded land Total growing stock of which coniferous of which broadleaved Table 3b /Species name Growing stock in forest (million cubic meters) Rank Scientific name Common name st Pinus silvestris Scots Pine nd Quercus robur, Quercus petraea Pedunculate Oak, Sessile Oak rd Picea abies Norway Spruce th Fagus sylvatica European Beech

26 5 th Betula pendula Silver Birch th Alnus glutinosa Black Alder th Abies alba European Silver Fir 86 8 th Larix decidua European Larch 35 9 th Carpinus betulus Hornbeam th Populus tremula Aspen 22 Remaining 88 TOTAL THE PRE-FILLED VALUES FOR GROWING STOCK REFER TO THE FOLLOWING THRESHOLD VALUES (SEE TABLE BELOW) Item Value Complementary information Minimum diameter (cm) at breast height of trees included in growing stock (X) Minimum diameter (cm) at the top end of stem for calculation of growing stock (Y) Minimum diameter (cm) of branches included in growing stock (W) Volume refers to above ground (AG) or above stump (AS) AS PLEASE NOTE THAT THE DEFINITION OF GROWING STOCK HAS CHANGED AND SHOULD BE REPORTED AS GROWING STOCK DBH 10 CM INCLUDING THE STEM FROM GROUND LEVEL UP TO A DIAMETER OF 0 CM, EXCLUDING BRANCHES. Table 3c Net annual increment (m 3 per hectare and year) Forest Net annual increment... of which coniferous... of which broadleaved 8 8 Table 3d 26

27 Biomass (million metric tonnes oven-dry weight) Forest Other wooded land Above ground biomass Below ground biomass Dead wood TOTAL Table 3e Carbon (Million metric tonnes) Forest Other wooded land Carbon in above ground biomass Carbon in below ground biomass Subtotal Living biomass Carbon in dead wood Carbon in litter Subtotal Dead wood and litter Soil carbon TOTAL Tiers Variable/category Tier for status Tier for trend 27

28 Total growing stock Tier 2 Tier 2 Net annual increment Tier 1 Tier 1 Above ground biomass Tier 2 Tier 2 Below ground biomass Tier 2 Tier 2 Dead wood Tier 2 Tier 2 Carbon in above-ground biomass Tier 2 Tier 2 Carbon in below ground biomass Tier 2 Tier 2 Carbon in dead wood and litter Tier 2 Tier 1 Soil carbon Tier 3 Tier criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend Total growing stock Net annual increment Biomass Carbon in above ground biomass Carbon in below ground biomass Carbon in dead wood and litter Soil carbon Tier 3: Data sources Recent 10 years National Forest Inventory or remote sensing with ground truthing or programme for repeated compatible NFI 10 years Domestic volume functions Tier 2: Data sources/registers and statistics modelling or old NFI 10 years or partial field inventory Tier 1: Other data sources Tier 3: Scientifically tested national volume and growth functions Tier 2: Selection of volume and growth functions as relevant as possible Tier 1: Other Tier 3: Country-specific national or subnational biomass conversion expansion factors applied or other domestic or otherwise nationally relevant biomass studies Tier 2: Application of country specific national or sub-national biomass conversion factors from other country with similar climatic conditions and forest types Tier 1: International/regional default biomass expansion factors applied Tier 3: Country-specific national or subnational biomass conversion expansion factors applied Tier 2: Application of country specific national or subnational biomass conversion factors form from other country with similar climatic conditions and forest types Tier 1: International/regional default biomass expansion factors applied Tier 3: Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Domestic growth functions Tier 2: Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 tier for status Tier 1: Other Tier 3: Confirmation/adjustment of functions used through scientific work Tier 2: Review work done to seek alternative functions Tier: 1 Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other 28

29 3.5 Comments on growing stock biomass and carbon Comments related to data definitions etc Total growing stock Reported value for 1990, 2000 and 2005 consists of high/medium quality data for State Forest Holding and estimation made for remaining forest basing mainly on low quality and out-of-date data for private forests. The differences in FAO and country definitions are insignificant for volume assessment. Growing stock of broadleaved coniferous Growing stock composition Net annual increment Above-ground biomass Below-ground biomass Comments on the reported trend Data for 2010 and 2015 are not in consistency with earlier one Dead wood Biomass of stumps and roots is approximately about 50% of total Carbon in above-ground biomass Carbon in below-ground biomass Carbon in dead wood Carbon in litter Soil carbon Carbon up to 40 cm depth of soil was reported. Additional 250 million metric tones of carbon was estimated (30% of reported value) for cm layer of soil. Other general comments to the table 29

30 4. What is the status of forest production and how has it changed over time? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 4.1 Categories and definitions Term Primary designated function Non wood forest product (NWFP) Commercial value of NWFP Production forest Multiple use forest Total wood removals...of which woodfuel Definition The primary function or management objective assigned to a management unit either by legal prescription documented decision of the landowner/manager or evidence provided by documented studies of forest management practices and customary use. Goods derived from forests that are tangible and physical objects of biological origin other than wood. For the purpose of this table, value is defined as the commercial market value at the forest gate. Definition Forest area designated primarily for production of wood, fibre, bio-energy and/or non-wood forest products. Forest area designated for more than one purpose and where none of these alone is considered as the predominant designated function. The total of industrial round wood removals and woodfuel removals. The wood removed for energy production purposes, regardless whether for industrial, commercial or domestic use. 4.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information Variables Years Additional comments 1 Central Statistical Office, yearbooks Forestry 2 Central Statistical Office, yearbooks Forestry 3 Central Statistical Office, yearbooks Forestry 4 Central Statistical Office, yearbooks Forestry 5 Golos P Questionnaires survey, not published. 6 Central Statistical Office, yearbook Forestry 2011 area of forest designed for production wood removals from forest and trees outside the forest amount and value of bilberry marketed amount and value of forest mushrooms marketed Forest fruits and mushrooms quantity. value of hunted game animals meat 1990; 2000; 2005; FAOSTAT data doesn't contain all sources of wood

31 4.2.2 Classification and definitions National class Definition Production Forest area designated primarily for production of wood (not protected and not protective) managed by State Forest Holding Original data Table 4a: State Forests Holding Area (1000 hectares) Area of forests designed for production (without lands related to forestry) Total area of forests (without lands related to forestry) Total area of lands related to forestry data origins from expert s estimation (see p. 1) Table 4b Amount and price of marketedbilberry Year Amount of purchase (thous. tonnes) Value of purchase (thous. of PLN) average price (PLN/kg) 31

32 average price 7.3 Amount and price of marketed forest mushrooms Year Amount of purchase (thous. tonnes) Value of purchase (thous. of PLNy) average price 12.1 average price (PLN/kg) Average bilberry and forest mushrooms harvest (according to questionnaires survey) total harvest [tonnes] bilberry forest mushrooms Table 4c - Wood removals: Year (1000 m 3 u.b.) 32

33 Total roundwood and slash removals from forest...of which woodfuel Chips for industries purpose from forest (from State Forest Holding) Total removals from woodlots of which woodfuel 33

34 4.3 Analysis and processing of national data Adjustment Estimation and forecasting Forest designed for production in State Forest Holding: Original data refers only to forests defined in position 1 in the forest definition. These figures should be expanded by value of lands related to forestry position 2 in forest definition. Share of protected forests to the total area was used for recalculation. Data after calibration are as follow: Area (1000 hectares) Production Data for 2010 were also used for 2015 without any recalculations Reclassification 4.4 Data Table 4a Categories Forest area (000 hectares) Production forest Multiple use forest Table 4b 34

35 Rank Name of product Key species 1 st Forest mushrooms chanterelle, boletus (Xerocomus), king boletus, Leccinum, Suillus, honey fungus, parasol mushroom, saffron milk cap, man on horseback Commercial value of NWFP removals 2010 (value 1000 local currency) NWFP category 2 nd Forest fruits bilberry rd Game animals meat deer, roe deer, wild boars th 5 th 6 th 7 th 8 th 9 th 10 th TOTAL Name of local currency PLN (Polish z#oty) Plant products / raw material 1 Food 2 Fodder 3 Raw material for medicine and aromatic products 4 Raw material for colorants and dyes 5 Raw material for utensils handicrafts construction 6 Ornamental plants 35

36 7 Exudates 8 Other plant products Animal products / raw material 9 Living animals 10 Hides skins and trophies 11 Wild honey and beewax 12 Wild meat 13 Raw material for medicine 14 Raw material for colorants 15 Other edible animal products 16 Other non-edible animal products Table 4c Pre-filled data from FAOSTAT Year Total wood removals FRA 2015 category (1000 m 3 u.b.)...of which woodfuel

37 Tiers Tier for status Tier for reported trend Production forest Tier 3 Tier 3 Multiple use forest Tier Criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend Production forest Multiple use forest Tier 3: Updated including field verifications national forest maps including functions Tier 2: Forest maps older than 6 years including forest functions Tier 1: Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other 4.5 Comments Comments related to data definitions etc Production forest Multiple use forest Comments on the reported trend Total wood removals Because pre-filled data from FAOSTAT were proposed by FAO for table 4c appropriate JFSQ definition of removals was applied in this report. Removals from other than forest felling sites were included. Additionally, volume of chips produced in forest and used for industry purpose is taken into account. These chips are produced from wood not registered in roundwood form earlier. 37

38 Commercial value of NWFP Total harvest of fruits and mushrooms made by people in age (for their own use and commercial purposes). Bilberry is the most important forest fruit in Poland (more than 90% of recreational harvest, 53% of commercial harvest in ) Other general comments to the table 38

39 5. How much forest area is managed for protection of soil and water and ecosystem services? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 5.1 Categories and definitions Protection of soil and water...of which production of clean water (subcategory)...of which coastal stabilization (subcategory)...of which desertification control (sub-category)...of which avalanche control (sub-category)...of which erosion, flood protection or reducing flood risk (sub-category)...of which other (subcategory) Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritual values...of which public recreation (sub-category)...of which carbon storage or sequestration (subcategory)...of which spiritual or cultural services (subcategory)...of which other (subcategory) Definition Forest area designated or managed for protection of soil and water Forest area primarily designated or managed for water production, where most human uses are excluded or heavily modified to protect water quality. Forest area primarily designated or managed for coastal stabilization. Forest area primarily designated or managed for desertification control. Forest area primarily designated or managed to prevent the development or impact of avalanches on human life assets or infrastructure. Forest area primarily designated or managed for protecting communities or assets from the impacts of erosion riparian floods and landslides or for providing flood plain services. Forest area primarily designated or managed for other protective functions. Forest area primarily designated or managed for selected ecosystem services or cultural or spiritual values. Forest area designated or managed for public recreation. Forest area designated or managed for carbon storage or sequestration. Forest area designated or managed for spiritual or cultural services. Forest area designated or managed for other ecosystem services. 5.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information Variables Years Additional comments 1 Central Statistical Office, yearbooks Forestry protective forests in State Forest Holding by dominant function 1990, 2000, 2005,

40 2 Central Statistical Office database 3 Bureau for Forest Management and Geodesy. Forest Data Bank protective forests in community and private ownership protective forest in State Forest Holding; Total forest area designated or managed for protection of soil and water 2000, 2005, Classification and definitions National class Protection of soil and water Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritual values coherent wit FAO definition Definition Forests around health-resorts, urban forests, national defense forests, experimental forests in State Forest Holding. All protective forests of community and private ownership. Forests of recreational sites and landscape forests in State Forest Holding referring to categories in 1990 and State forest except managed by State Forest Holding, National Parks and Agricultural Ownership Agency Original data Protection of soil and water in State Forest Holding - data doesn't contain area of lands related to forestry (position 2 in forest definition) Dominant function Soil protection Water protection Area (1000 hectares) SUM Total area of forest designated or managed for protection of soil and water RATIO 1 - for estimation of total area designed for protection of soil and water using area with dominant function soil or water protection = (2109/1849) 40

41 Ecosystem services in State Forests Holding- data doesn't contain area of lands related to forestry (position 2 in forest definition) Area (1000 hectares) Forests of recreational sites Landscape forests Forests around healthresorts Urban forests National defence forests Experimental forests SUM total of which Natura 2000 sites Forest area in State Forest Holding (SFH) Area (1000 hectares) Lands with tree cover - position 1 in forest definition

42 lands related to forestry - position 2 in forest definition Total area of forest RATIO 2 - for estimation total area of protective forest in SFH = (6992/6805) data origins from expert s estimation Area (1000 hectares) Protective forest of community ownership Protective forest of private ownership State forest except managed by State Forest Holding, National Parks and Agricultural Ownership Agency SUM

43 5.3 Analysis and processing of national data Adjustment Estimation and forecasting 1. Protection of soil and water Last available data (2012) were used for Area for 2012 was calculated as follow: 2109 thousand ha * RATIO2 Area for previous ( ) years was calculated as follow: SUM 1 * RATIO 2 *RATIO 1 2. Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritual values Area for 1990, 2000, 2005 was estimated as follow: SUM 2 * RATIO 2 +SUM 3 Area for 2010 and 2015 (last available data - for 2012). It was decided that primary function on Natura 2000 sites is protection of biodiversity. Because of that data about ecosystem services (for 2010 and 2012) were decreased using information about overlapping area with N2000 sites. Formula was as follow: [SUM 2 - SUM 2 (N2000)]*RATIO 2 + SUM Reclassification 5.4 Data Table 5a Categories Protection of soil and water... of which production of clean water Forest area (1000 hectares)

44 ... of which coastal stabilization... of which desertification control... of which avalanche control... of which erosion, flood protection or reducing flood risk... of which other (please specify in comments below the table) Other Table 5b Categories Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritual values...of which public recreation...of which carbon storage or sequestration...of which spiritual or cultural services...of which other (please specify in comments below the table) Forest area (1000 hectares) Tiers Tier for reported trend Tier for status Protection of soil and water Tier 3 Tier 3 Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritual values Tier 2 Tier 2 44

45 Tier criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend Protection of soil and water Cultural or spiritual values Public recreation Spiritual or cultural services Other Tier 3: High reliability data derived either from high intensity sample survey or data obtained from national or state agencies responsible for regulations or legislation relating to soil and water protection. Tier 2: Approaches based on low intensity or incomplete sample-based surveys or studies that provide data for specific areas that is extrapolated through statistical analysis to national level estimates. Tier 1: Other Tier 3: High reliability data derived either from high intensity sample survey or data obtained from national or state agencies responsible for regulations. Tier 2: Approaches based on low intensity or incomplete sample-based surveys or studies that provide data for specific areas that is extrapolated through statistical analysis to national level estimates. Tier 1: Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other 5.5 Comments Comments related to data definitions etc Protection of soil and water Production of clean water Coastal stabilization Desertification control Avalanche control Comments on the reported trend Erosion, flood protection or reducing flood risk Other protective functions Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritual values Some areas for 2010 and 2015 were excluded referring to previous reporting years because of overlapping with Natura 2000 sites reported under conservation of biodiversity. Public recreation Carbon storage or sequestration Spiritual or cultural services 45