-:., EXPERIMENT 02 - ON ABANDONED LOGGING ROADS. Planting of Indigenous Species. ,, at. for

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1 , r- I ' I'!,,... I EXPERIMENT 02 - ON ABANDONED LOGGING ROADS Planting of Indigenous Species,, at j L '1 [ :' the Old and Abandoned Logging Roads in the Model Forest 1 Management Area (MFMA) Sarawak for (1) Shorea macrophylla (Engkabang jantong); (2) Anthocephalus cadomba (I(elampayan); (3) Dryobalanops (Kapur); and (4) Azadirachta excelsa (Sentang).' I -:.,,... J Ernest Chai Oi Khun January 1999 '.'.....

2 1" I I - I - 1 -, i r i l-- -I 1[1, -I I _1 l <I t' Experiments on the Planting of Indigenous Species at the Old and Abandoned Logging Roads in the Model Forest Management Area (MFMA) for (1) Shorea I1tacrophylla (Engkabang jantong); (2) Anthocephalus cadol1tba (Kelampayan); (3) Dryobalanops (I(apur); and (4) Azadirachta excelsa (Sentang) 1. Introduction One of the terms of reference of the present duties is to carry out experiments on the degraded and shifting cultivation areas in the MFMA area. It is hope that this experiment will able to provide some guidelines on the rehabilitation of the old and abandoned logging roads in the logged-over forest in Sarawak. The number of such old and abandoned roads are by far the most common sight in any logging camps. On most and if not all, are unable to regenerate and restock of any tree species as the soil in compacted and hardened. Thus, it warrants the need to address the problem on the approach of rehabilitating these old and abandoned logging roads. 1,~ I =- These experiments will be conducted in Coupe 18, blocks 6, 7 and 8 in MFMA, side by side with experiment Definition of Abandoned Logging Roads '1 -- :'., Any logging roads which have been left permanently unused by logging trucks for the purpose of transportation logs will be referred to as abandoned logging roads. 3. Seedlings proposed for experimental trials The available seedlings from Oya Road Nursery (Ref: RR ) are listed below and classified according to the report in the "Ten-Year Development Plan for the Model Forest Management Area - Sarawak (MFMA) ":- 1. Engkabang j onatong, (Non-decorative) 2. Keruing (Non-decorative) 3. Kelampayan (Potential commercial spp.) 4. Nyatoh (Decorative) 1

3 - i r [ Il] - 1! Kapur (Non-decorative) 6. Keruing (Non-decorative) 7. Resak (Decorative) 8. Selangan batu (Non-decorative) 9. Lun (Decorative) 10. Sentang (Decorative) 4. Objective The objective of these experiments is to investigate on the possibility to restock and to regenerate abandoned logging roads with indigenous tree species (Dipterocarp and non-dipterocarp) by making used of the mounted soils at the side of the logging roads. Four species are selected for the experiment:- I [_I 1. Shorea macrophylla (Engkabang jantong) 2. Anthocephalus cadomba (Kelampayan) 3. Dryobalanops (Kapur) 4. Azadirachta excelsa (Sentang) '.. ~ [.-] l:l t-- -( 5. Methodology 5.1 Numbering of the seedlings All the seedlings must be numbered in a running order as RlIO 1, RlI02, RlI03... (Replicate liseedling no. 1). A proper form will be used to record all the assessments Experimental design Components of the experiment are:- (1) Four species (2) Treatment: planted on the mounts with fertilisers treatment and control (nofertiliser treatment) (3) Three replicates (4) 40 seedlings per treatment/speices Total number of seedlings required = 4 sp x 3 rep x 2 treat x 40 seed = 960 All the seedlings are to be planted along the mount and spacing is 1 m apart and shaded with fern leaves to protect seedlings from direct sunlight. 2

4 _.. _.;...:.: MFMA - PLANTING SITES SKEfCH MAP N ( TIl193JCoupe 18 - Block 6, 7.& 8 ) t /,-.'" / /, r Logging Road (2.0 km long ) S1:ream. To RH Basa Camp 11 EFEIiENCE: : ( Map not to scale ) Experiment 01 Replicate 1 Planting Area fur Experiment 02 Replicate 1 Planting Area fur Experiment 02 Replicate 2 Experiment 01 Replicate 2 Planting Area fur Experiment 02 Replicate J - Planting Area in Skid Trail Plot of Experiment 01, see notes helow : Experiment 01: Planting on compacted soil: Log landing area and logging road ( 4 sp x 2 b'eatment x J replicate x 40 seed I rep ) Experiment 02 Replicate 1 Experiment 02 Replicate 2 Experiment 01 ReplicateJ - Bxperiment 02: Planting along the road side on mounted soil ( 4 sp x 2 b'eatment x J replicate x 40 seed I rep ) Experiment 02 R.eplicate J

5 For the control, no fertiliser will be applied to the seedlings. For the seedlings with fertiliser treatment, 100 gm ofnpk (12:12:18%) will be applied to each. All the planting holes will be dug out by a hoe or 'chengko' (weight: 5 lb. ) for at least 30 cm deep with a diameter of 20 cm., Layout of Experiment 02 Planting Along Abandoned Logging Road with Four Species, Two Treatments and Three Repicates PLT 2 " Replicate 1 PLT3 - PLT4 PLT 5 Sketch not to sclae PLT6 Replicate 2 i N 1 u l j l I J ~ Start / End pain of a Replicate/Plot Each replicate with 8 plots (sections) Plot marker (PLT). Two treatments in a plot. Each plot with 1 control and 1 fertilisered per species, planted with 40 seedlings per species (4 sp x 8 plot x 40 =360/rep) 5.3 Assessments Planted Skid Trail (100 gm NPK each) 1. Eng. jantong (140 seedlings) 2. Kapor empedu (200 ssed.) 3. Kelampayan (200 seed.) Total 540 seeulings I 1'1 Table 1: Assessment and Maintenance Schedule for Experiments 02 ".,',"'.. ~ ;. :. Maint. Schedule Age in Maintenance ACtivities Remark No. Date month ( assessment) 1 October Establishment, assess collar diameter & height, Completed by 17 applied 100 gm NPK (treatment seedlings only). November 98 2 Feb assess collar diam and height, 200 gm NPK (treatment seedlings only), weed & creeper 3. May assess collar diam and height, 300 gm NPK Prepare 1 Sl Interim Report (treatment seedlings only), weed & creeper 4 Aug assess collar diam and height, weed & creeper 5 Nov assess collar diam and height, weed & creeper Prepare 2 nd interim Report 6 May assess collar diam and height, weed & creeper 7 Nov assess collar diam and height, weed & creeper Last assessment. Prepare final report 3

6 -:J Seedlings Planted Along Road Sides ) - i I: J.j

7 I I I ' Seedlings Planted Along Road Sides ' " ~i,', I! :1 j," r-. I', \ -',:1 " 1-", 1,' -) '1 I r. ~ i I I",! 1, ' 1

8 5.4 Maintenance Maintenance of the seedlings should be carried out at the same time when the asses~ments are carried out. This includes weeding and removal of creepers on the seedlings. Weed removal by 'chengko' should be done in a circular manner at a radius of 50 cm from the stem of the seedling. 5.4 Duration of the experiment Due to the nature of the site and response of plants, the experiment for each of the above species is proposed to last for at least two years. 6. Estimated of total costs for Four Species 6.1 Fertiliser Application and Regime For the fertiliser treatment seedlings, 100 gm of NPK (12:12:18%) will be applied to each seedling, except the control. The planting hole should be filled with soil and compact the soil by feet so that the soil will be firmed and will not be washed away by rain water. I [ 1 I j I I. r.1 Two subsequent applications of fertilisers at 200 gm and 300 gm of NPK per seedling for the fertilised plots. This will be carried out on the 3rd and 6th month respectively after planting. A small trench of 10 cm depth to be dug with a hoe and into which, the fertilisers will be placed and then covered with soil completely. The circular trench shall be below the edge of the circumference of the branches. The amount ofnpk required for one species will be:- 1. NPK required per seedling = gm = 600 gm 2. Total NPK required for 480 seedlings = x 600 gm = 288,000 gm = 288 kg 3. Skid trails 540 seedling x 100 gm = gm = 54 kg 4

9 The total amount ofnpk for four (4) species:- Estimated cost of per 25 RM 38. I r I ' RM 38 x 288/25 RM 38 x 54/25 = RM RM Total RM ===================== 6.2 Manpower Planting, site preparation and establishment of the experiment will be carried out by one crew and is estimated to be completed within 20 to 25 days including moving as:- Persons x day x rate = total I ' I. l ".1 II 1. Crew Leader (F orest Ranger) 2. Forest guardslnursery man /Mandor 3. One driver 4. Causal Labouers/camp boy - 1 x 25 x 48 = RM 1,200-2 x 25 x 48 = RM 2,400-1 x 25 x 48 = RM 1,200-7x25 x65.40= RM 11,445 Estimated Cost RM 16, Total Costs of the Experiment 1. Manpower 2. Fertiliser cost (including skid trail) 3. Purchased 1.50/seedling x 240 RM 16, RM RM I (', Total Cost RM 17, Soil Type The soil type, level and depth of soil compaction, moisture and mineral content at the experimental sites. 5

10 8. Assumption.1. r. It is assumed that there are no differences III the soil conditions and compaction in the two replicates. 9. Result and Analysis 1. T -test on the initial diameter and height of the seedlings - to detect if there is any differences in the initial stage of the seedlings. 2. T -test on the diameter and height increment; to detect any periodic differences in growth of each site for each species for second, third and fourth assessments after planting. 1' 3. ANOVAR on the diameter and height increment on the two sites (replicates) for each species. 10. Interim and Final Reports 1! 1 I. I j LJ :: II 11 (.) :)!-1, :1 Interim ' report will be prepared one year after the establishment of the experiment. Final report on the findings of the experiment after 18 months of the planting will be submitted to the Project leader ofmfma. 11. Recommendations In the final report, recommendations based on the findings of the experiments will be proposed for consideration. Prepared by:. ~ :-... ~ <::... (Ernest Chai) ITTO Plantation Research Officer Date: 26 January