Risk assessment of invasive alien plants the work of EPPO

Transcription

1 Risk assessment of invasive alien plants the work of EPPO International Invasive Weed Conference, Cambridge

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3 General: Invasive Alien Species Alien Species in Europe: including: 1094 with negative ecological 1347 with negative economic impacts (DAISIE 2008) IAS costs in Europe 12 Mrd. /a (Kettunen et al. 2009)

4 General: International Co-operation CBD: 8h threat by IAS! IPPC/EPPO: long Tradition in avoiding introduction of pests EU: REGULATION (EU) No 1143/2014

5 Regulation 1143/2014 Regulation 1143/2014: on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species, which came into force on the 1 st January 2015 Centred on three main themes (1) prevention, (2) early warning and rapid response, and (3) management A key feature in the Regulation is: list of IAS of Union concern for which the use, trade and transport are restricted

6 Regulation 1143/2014

7 Regulation 1143/2014

8 Risk Analysis Can be broadly defined to include risk assessment, risk characterization, risk communication, risk management (wikipedia)

9 Risk Analysis Can be broadly defined to include risk assessment, risk characterization, risk communication, risk management (wikipedia)

10 Risk perception Risk perception is the subjective judgement that people make about the characteristics and severity of a risk.

11 Risk Analysis Has to be reproducible, impartial, and standardised.

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13 Pests IAS Large Overlap! Pests that are not IAS IAS that are not pests

14 1951 EPPO Convention 15 countries Now 51 member countries

15 LIFE15 PRE FR 001 Mitigating the threat of invasive alien plants to the EU through pest risk analysis to support the Regulation 1143/2014 In partnership with EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION And NERC CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY

16 Risk assessment Stage 1. Initiation Reason for performing the PRA PRA area Stage 2. Pest risk assessment Taxonomy Pest overview Host plants Need for vector Geographical distribution Possible pathways for entry Likelihood of establishment outdoors/in protected conditions in the PRA area Spread in the PRA area Impact in the current area of distribution Potential impact in the PRA area Identification of the endangered area

17 Stage 2: Risk management Negative impacts on biodiversity Stage 1: Preliminary risk assessment Prioritization Process for EU invasive alien plants Prioritisation Decision scheme for the prioritization process for EU invasive alien plants incorporating the requirements of the Regulation No 1143/2014 NO A.1. Is the taxonomic identity of the plant species clearly defined? YES The plant does not qualify A.2. Is the plant species known to be alien to the entire (residual list) NO European Union (excluding the outermost regions)? YES A.3. Is the quality and quantity of available information NO sufficient to assess the potential for introduction, NO establishment, spread and negative impacts of the plant NO in the EU? YES A.5. Is the plant species known to be invasive outside the A.4. Is the plant species established in the EU (excluding European Union? NO the outermost regions)? YES Yes, list the countries A.6. Based on ecoclimatic conditions, could the species Describe the A.7. How high is the spread potential of the plant establish in at least 3 EU YES endangered species in the area under assessment? Member States (excluding the area outermost regions)? LOW MEDIUM HIGH EU LIST OF EU LIST OF EU LIST OF A.8. How high is the potential negative LOW MINOR MINOR MINOR impact of the alien plant species on native CONCERN CONCERN CONCERN species in the EU? EU LIST OF EU EU MEDIUM MINOR OBSERVATION OBSERVATION CONCERN LIST LIST A.9. How high is the potential negative impact of the alien plant species on ecosystem functions and related EU EU LIST OF EU LIST OF ecosystem services in the EU? HIGH OBSERVATION INVASIVE ALIEN INVASIVE ALIEN LIST PLANTS PLANTS The highest score from A8 and A9 should be taken into consideration Go to Stage 2 produces lists of plant species for the EU, the most important being the list of invasive alien plants B.1. Does the plant still have a significant area for further spread and establishment in the EU? YES B.2. Is the plant widely cultivated or planted (over several decades) without showing any strong signs of invasive behaviour in the EU? NO B.3. Can the risk of introduction and spread into and within the EU be effectively controlled by trade restriction? NO B.4. Can the risk of introduction and spread into and within the EU be effectively controlled by other preventive actions? NO B.5. Can populations of the plant species be eradicated in the field (at an early stage of invasion) at a reasonable cost? NO YES YES YES YES List of invasive alien plants not a priority for EU level RA (apply national measures) List of priority invasive alien plants for EU level RA to determine which of these IAP have the highest priority for a risk assessment (= quick screening tool) NO List of invasive alien plants not a priority for EU level RA (apply national measures)

18 Examples Kariba weed; water fern (Salvinia molesta ): Native to Brazil Invasive and problematic, primarily in Australia where it is under chemical and mechanical control. Asia, Oceania, Africa, N America: locally invasive and still spreading. Europe: transient populations in some countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal Impacts: Can cover large water bodies excluding light, reducing oxygen and habitat quality

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22 Examples Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) Native to SE Asia Invasive and problematic, primarily in Australia where it is under chemical and mechanical control. N America: Widespread primarily in parks and gardens and disturbed areas, often listed as invasive Europe: planted for >100 years no invasion

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25 Results of risk assessments Species Form Establishment Pathway Spread Impact Overall Risk Uncertainty Ambrosia confertiflora P. herb Med, Anatolian Contaminant High High High High Andropogon virginicus Grass Med PP/Contaminant High Moderate High Moderate Cardiospermum grandiflorum Vine Med PP Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Cinnamomum camphora Tree PP Moderate Low Low Moderate Cortaderia jubata Grass Med, Atl, Con,BSea PP High Moderate Moderate Moderate Ehrharta calycina Grass Med PP/Contaminant High Moderate Moderate Moderate Gymnocoronis spilanthoides Aquatic Med PP/Contaminant Moderate High High High Hakea sericea Shrub Med, Con, Bsea PP High High High Low Humulus scandens Vine Med, Atl, Mac, Bsea PP High High High Low Hygrophila polysperma Aquatic PP High Moderate Low Moderate Lespedeza cuneata P. herb Med, Con, Pan PP/Contaminant High Moderate Moderate Moderate Lygodium japonicum Vine Mac, Bsea PP/Contaminant High High Moderate High Prosopis juliflora Tree/shrub Med, Mac PP High High Moderate Moderate Triadica sebifera Tree Med PP High High High High Pistia stratiotes Aquatic Med PP/Contaminant Moderate High High Moderate Salvinia molesta Aquatic Med PP/Contaminant Moderate High High Moderate

26 Results of risk assessments Species Form Establishment Pathway Spread Impact Overall Risk Uncertainty Ambrosia confertiflora P. herb Med, Anatolian Contaminant High High High High Andropogon virginicus Grass Med PP/Contaminant High Moderate High Moderate Cardiospermum grandiflorum Vine Med PP Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Cinnamomum camphora Tree PP Moderate Low Low Moderate Cortaderia jubata Grass Med, Atl, Con,BSea PP High Moderate Moderate Moderate Ehrharta calycina Grass Med PP/Contaminant High Moderate Moderate Moderate Gymnocoronis spilanthoides Aquatic Med PP/Contaminant Moderate High High High Hakea sericea Shrub Med, Con, Bsea PP High High High Low Humulus scandens Vine Med, Atl, Mac, Bsea PP High High High Low Hygrophila polysperma Aquatic PP High Moderate Low Moderate Lespedeza cuneata P. herb Med, Con, Pan PP/Contaminant High Moderate Moderate Moderate Lygodium japonicum Vine Mac, Bsea PP/Contaminant High High Moderate High Prosopis juliflora Tree/shrub Med, Mac PP High High Moderate Moderate Triadica sebifera Tree Med PP High High High High Pistia stratiotes Aquatic Med PP/Contaminant Moderate High High Moderate Salvinia molesta Aquatic Med PP/Contaminant Moderate High High Moderate

27 Conclusion Prediction of invasive behaviour can never be 100% certain; RA is time-consuming, candidates should be chosen wisely; Risk assessment can help identify priorities for import ban, rapid response and management of IAS;

28 Acknowledgements to: Thanks for listening Rob Tanner, EPPO; Daniel Chapman, CEH, UK; Oliver L. Pescott, CEH, UK; Etienne Branquart, Invasive Species Unit, Service Public de Wallonie, BE; Giuseppe Brundu, University of Sassari, Department of Agriculture, IT; Johan van Valkenburg, National Plant Protection Organization, NL LIFE15 PRE FR 001 The EPPO Panel on Invasive Alien Plants The many experts from across the world who have worked on the PRAs.