Land suitability assessment for cultivation of high-value timber (Khaya senegalensis) in northern sub-saharan Africa

Transcription

1 Presentation of the research project Land suitability assessment for cultivation of high-value timber (Khaya senegalensis) in northern sub-saharan Africa by Gernot Kersken FIT2012 Matr. no Photograph: Didier Descouens,

2 Africa s landscape is A dynamic mosaic of natural resources Including also forest and woodlands -> High potential for development and improvement of human well-being But Africa also holds a high risk for Land degradation Overexploitation of natural resources 2 And holding a high potential of unused economic capability -> Sustainable production of high value timber???

3 Khaya senegalensis (African mahogany, dry zone mahogany) Native to the region Broad range of traditional application Resource for furniture, joinery and construction Heavy exploitation Vulnerable by IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 3

4 4 Figure 1: Approximate natural range of K. senegalensis in Africa (Arnold, 2004 after ICRAF) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Cote d'ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo and Uganda (Orwa et.al., 2009)

5 SRTM3 digital elevation database v4.1 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission by NASA Up to 3 arc seconds (90m) Mosaics of 5 deg x 5 deg Vertical error less than 16m WGS84 map datum Used to derive the slope classification for the harvesting system For small scale assessment highest resolution taken 5

6 WorldClim a very high resolution interpolated climate surface dataset, developed at the University of California as a collection and source of global climate data Up to 30 arc seconds (1km) Mosaics of 30 deg x 30 deg WGS84 map datum Used to model bioclimatic parameters produce an altitude classification 6

7 groads Global Roads Open Access Data Set, developed by the CODATA Task Group, combines the best available roads data by country into a global roads coverage Vector line layer Continental extent Data from 1980 to 2010 (faulty) Spatial accuracy varies WGS1984 map datum 7 Used to derive distance to roads (e.g. Transportation System) Multiple ring buffer applied

8 GLC2000 the Global Vegetation Monitoring (GVM) unit of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) compiled a harmonized global land cover classification for the year 2000 Raster World extent Spot4 WGS1984 map datum 8 Discontinued: use instead: GLCN Land Cover datasets

9 FAO guidelines for land evaluation for forestry Highly suitable = S3 (5) Moderately suitable = S2 (4) Marginally suitable = S1 (3) Currently not suitable = N1 (2) Permanently not suitable = N2 (1) Additionally numeric values from 5 to 1 are assigned to the classes to make calculations possible 9

10 Research on tree parameters 10 Table 1: Requirements for succesfull plantations of Khaya Senegalensis (compiled from investigations on Arnold, 2004 and 2006, Louppe, 2008, Booth and Jovanovic, 2000 as well as CAB international, 1998) (Table own work)

11 Classification of bioclimatic datasets (WORLDCLIM) 11 Table 2: Classification of bioclimatic datasets (Table own work)

12 Classification of bioclimatic datasets (WORLDCLIM) 12 Figure 2: Classification of annual mean temperature suitability

13 Classification of bioclimatic datasets (WORLDCLIM) 13 Figure 3: Classification of annual mean rainfall suitability

14 Classification of bioclimatic datasets (WORLDCLIM) 14 Figure 4: Classification of mean maximum temperature suitability

15 Classification of bioclimatic datasets (WORLDCLIM) 15 Figure 5: Classification of mean minimum temperature suitability

16 Classification of bioclimatic datasets (WORLDCLIM) 16 Figure 6: Weighted Overlay Classification of all bioclimatic parameters for suitability

17 Classification of elevation dataset for slope (SRTM3) Table 3: Classification of elevation dataset for slope according to the National Terrain Classification System of South Africa (NTCS) incorporating FAO Classification and own suitability classes. (Table own work) 17

18 Classification of elevation dataset for slope (SRTM3) 18 Figure 7: Slope Classification on SRTM3 data for harvesting system suitability

19 Classification of distance to roads (groads) and Classification of altitude (WORLDCLIM) 19 Table 4: Classification of distance to roads and classification of altitude (Table own work)

20 Classification of distance to roads (groads) and Classification of altitude (WORLDCLIM) 20 Figure 8: Multiple ring buffer for classification of road network

21 Classification of distance to roads (groads) and Classification of altitude (WORLDCLIM) 21 Figure 9: Altitude classification

22 Classification of Land Cover (GLC2000) Table 5: Classification of land use dataset for elimination of concurrent land use types (Table own work) 22

23 Classification of Land Cover (GLC2000) 23 Figure 10: Land use of northern sub-saharan Africa (GLC 2000)

24 Classification of Land Cover (GLC2000) 24 Figure 11: Classification of potentially vacant sites

25 Weighted Overlay Classification 25 Figure 12: Schematic representation of Weighted Overlay Approach (Bentrup 2003 after Steiner 1991)

26 Raster Calculation for Substraction of Constrains Figure 13: Formula of raster calculation approach for suitability classification 26

27 Complete process of data treatment 27 Figure 14: Complete process of data treatment

28 28 Figure 15: Final suitability classification

29 Shares on land area suitability 29 Table 6: Shares on land area suitability per Creative country Commons License

30 Shares on land area suitability 30 Figure 16: Pie Slice diagram on suitability of total AOI and Top 5 share on S3

31 One possible approach but inheriting some flaws in the data sources like resolution and actuallity of the land cover dataset as well as the maintenance, respectively completeness, of the road network dataset. 31

32 Thanks for your kind attention 32

33 33 Sources: Arnold, R.J., Reilly, D., Dickinson, G. and Jovanovic, T Determining the climatic suitability of Khaya senegalensis for plantations in Australia. Working Paper presented at a Workshop on "Prospects for high-value hardwood timber plantations in the 'dry' tropics of northern Australia", Mareeba, Queensland, October, Published as CD-Rom by Private Forestry North Queensland Association Inc., Kairi, Queensland. ensis_for_plantations_in_australia Accessed: Arnold, R.J Khaya senegalensis current use from its natural range and its potential in Sri Lanka and elsewhere in Asia. Working Paper presented at a Workshop on "Prospects for high-value hardwood timber plantations in the 'dry' tropics of northern Australia", Mareeba, Queensland, October, Published as CD-Rom by Private Forestry North Queensland Association Inc., Kairi, Queensland. Accessed by direct download from researchgate.net, link excessively long. Accessed: Arnold, Roger Determining the suitability of African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) for plantations in China Accessed: Bentrup, G. ; Kellerman, T. 2003: Agroforestry and GIS - Achieving Land Productivity and Environmental Protection; 3 pp Booth, T.H. (1996). The development of climatic mapping programs and climatic mapping in Australia. In: Booth, T.H. (ed.). Matching trees and sites. ACIAR Proceedings No. 63:

34 Sources: Booth, T.H. and Jovanovic, T Identification of land capable of private plantation development. Appendix B1, Report to the National Plantations advisory committee, Department of Primary Industry and Energy, Canberra. Booth, T.H. and Jovanovic, T Improving descriptions of climatic requirements in the CABI Forestry Compendium. A report for the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, Client Report No CAB International Forestry Compendium a silvicultural reference. Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. CD ROM FAO, 1995: Land and environmental degradation and desertification in Africa. X5318/E. Accessed: FAO, 2000: Landevaluation for forestry; FAO Forestry Paper Accessed:

35 35 Sources: FAO, 2003: WRB Map of World Soil Resources Accessed: FAO, 2009: 2050 Africa's food challenge Accessed: Nikles, D. G. (2004) A proposal for consideration: establish a northern Australia cooperative tree improvement program (NACTIP) with African mahogany (K. senegalensis) initially. Working Paper. In: Bevege et al. (eds) (2004). Nikles, D. G.; D. I. Bevege, G. R. Dickinson, M. W. Griffiths, D. F. Reilly & D. J. Lee, 2007 Developing African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) germplasm and its management for a sustainable forest plantation industry in northern Australia - progress and needs Accessed: Steiner, F. (1991): The Living Landscape - An Ecological Approach to Landscape Planning; McGraw-Hill, New York, US;356 pp Orwa C, Mutua A, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, Simons A Agroforestree Database:a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0 ( Accessed:

36 36 Sources: Data SRTM3 DEM Dataset: Source: Accessed : WorldClim dataset: Hijmans, R.J., S.E. Cameron, J.L. Parra, P.G. Jones and A. Jarvis, Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25: Accessed: Harmonized World Soil Database v 1.2: FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria. Accessed: groads v1: Center for International Earth Science Information Network - CIESIN - Columbia University, and Information Technology Outreach Services - ITOS - University of Georgia Global Roads Open Access Data Set, Version 1 (groadsv1). Palisades, NY: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Accessed

37 Sources: Programme, U. (2008). Land resources in Africa. Retrieved from Accessed: Louppe, D., Oteng-Amoako,A.A. & Brink, M. (Editors), Plant Ressources of Tropical Africa 7 (1). Timbers 1. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen, Netherlands / Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands / CTA, Wageningen, Netherlands. 704 pp. James B. Campbell, (Third Edition, 2002). Introduction to Remote Sensing. John R. Jensen, (2nd Edition, 2007). Remote Sensing of the Environment Jörg Albertz, (2nd Edition, 2001). Einführung in die Fernerkundung Stefan Lang, Thomas Blaschke, (2007) Landschaftsanalyse mit GIS Thomas M- Lillesand, Ralph W. Kiefer, Jonathan W. Chipman, (Fifth Edition, 2004). Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation 37