The Biodiversity in Bulgaria

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1 Green Citizens Information Systems Saved Nature The Biodiversity in Bulgaria JordankaDineva, Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation

2 Content A review of the biodiversity in Bulgaria The place of Bulgaria in Europe in relation to the biodiversity of the country Main threats and reasons for biodiversity loss in Bulgaria Main mechanisms for environmental protection and biodiversity conservation

3 Biodiversity Vascular plants approx species Animals more than species, 800 of which vertebrate (217 species of fishes, 19 species of amphibians, 37 species of reptiles, 409 bird species, 97 mammals) Micota Protozoa, Straminipila and Fungi not well studied on global level(it is estimated that only 5-20 %from the existing micotaspecies are discovered and described) In Bulgaria: minimum 4 870species (expected to be found 20670) Source: The Red Book of the Republic of Bulgaria (2011)

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6 Geographical location of Bulgaria Middle Eastern influence Mountainous influence Pontic step influence Balkan endemic influence Mediterranean influence Equinic influence Source: Rosen Tzonvev, 2009

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8 The place of Bulgaria in Europe in relation to the biodiversity of the country The country area is only 2.5% from the total surface of EU One of the richest on biodiversity countries in Europe: 70% of the protected bird species in Europe 40% of the European protected habitats

9 Natura2000 Special protected areas in EU

10 Natura2000 sites of conservational interest coverage in EU

11 The biodiversity in Bulgaria Something to be proud of Responsibility for its protection

12 Biodiversity indicators in Bulgaria Introduced with the goal to monitor the general trends and the status of the biodiversity in the country Provide information for the impacts on biodiversity on various levels Show the changes in the existence, quantity and quality of the organisms statuses Provide the basis for assessment of the measures for biodiversity conservation in the country Included biological indicators, combined in the National system for biodiversity monitoring, but also indicators with socioeconomic and administrative character

13 Biodiversity indicators in Bulgaria А.01. Status and protection of sites of conservational interest - habitats А.02. Distribution and quantity of certain species А.03. Status of high conservation value species plants, fungi and animals А.04. Habitat and species diversity in landscapes А.05.Гgenetic diversity in agricultural/stock animals and cultural plants with highest socioeconomic importance in Bulgaria А.06. Planning and development of National ecological network (NEN) А.07. Management and status of (NEN) А.08. Sustainable utilization of resource species А.09.Integration of biodiversity conservation in the agricultural practices А.10. Integration of biodiversity conservation in forestry А.11. Status of the ecosystems in the Black sea and the coastal areas А.12. Status of the sweet-water systems А.13. Integration of the principles for protection and sustainable utilization of the biodiversity into the sector policies in the country

14 Status of the biodiversity in Bulgaria Indicator Indicator of the common bird species тенденция Protected territories according to the Bulgarian legislation Protected zones according to the Bird and Habitat Directives in Bulgaria Changes in the number of wintering waterfawl birds in Bulgaria Assessment of the number of the brownbear in Bulgaria in 2011 Most important summer underground habitats for baths in Bulgaria during 2010 Source: National report for the status of environmental protection in Bulgaria in 2011(issued in 2013)

15 Source: Coalition For the Nature (2006)

16 Construction along the Black sea coast Master plan of the Tzarevomunicipality: beds along the south part of the sea coast Project for construction of 5 villa resorts with a capacity of beds in Kara dere

17 Ski resorts

18 Clear cut of forests Only 4% of the Bulgarian forests have not been influenced by human actions Source: WWF Civic activities that can be undertaken if suspicions for illegal logging exists:

19 Quarries and mining activities Hundreds of illegal quarries(for various innertmaterials like sand, lime, basalt, shale etc.)due to flawed public procurement procedures. There is no control over the amount of materials extracted from the quarries Irreversible destruction of the landscape and habitats of rare plants and animals, loss or resources for the local communities, dangerous landslides and erosion Source:

20 Extraction of shale gass

21 Голф игрища Golf playground Tracian cliffs, constructed on 60 ha of priority steppe habitat (62C0*)

22 Construction of roads Photo: Road construction through Nature park Balgarka Road construction through the Kresna gorge

23 Facilities for alternative energy sources Constcutrion of wind turbine park onvia pontica, Kaliakra

24 Bulgaria Genetically modified organisms free zone

25 Reasons and driving forces for loss of biodiversity Lack of awareness,exclusion of stakeholders,oppression of the civic society Economic: low standard of life, lack of a strong middle class,depopulation and unemployment, informal economy Managerial:lack of desire for execution of the regulatory obligations by the institutions; corruption

26 Possibilities for increase of the level of environmental protection and biodiversity conservation Access to Information and rising the public and stakeholder awareness Capacity building Building partnerships and stakeholder inclusion Introduction of possibilities for civic monitoring on the institutional work; strengthening the civic society Introduction of financial mechanisms for assessment of the biodiversity and ecosystem services

27 Summary Bulgaria is among the richest in biodiversity countries in Europe Despite that the coverage of the national ecological network is significant the amount of biodiversity threats is significant Main threat is the habitat loss as a consequence of the impacts of other threats Main reasons for the existence of so many threats are: law and regulation violations, lack of control, corruption,informal economy, lack of strong middle class society and oppression of the civic society Provision of independent control over the institutions, for which awareness rising and building the capacity for monitoring of institutions by the society are among the main mechanisms for environmental protection and biodiversity It is also important to rise the public awareness towards the importance and the value of the benefits and services provided by various types of ecosystems