Odor Basics & Reducing Technologies
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1 Odor Basics & Reducing Technologies Dick Nicolai South Dakota State University Olfaction -- Sense of Smell Complex Mixture of gases Humans detect > 10,000 odors Extremely low concentrations Health impacts? Evokes a physiological and emotional reaction 1 2 Gas vs Odor Measurement Gas Identify individual gases Measure concentrations Odor--Olfactometry Analyze mixture Correlates with odor Uses human sense of smell Gas Measurement Tubes--Indicator and Diffusion Gas Monitoring Patches MDA--Single-point monitor Jerome meter GC/MS 3 4 Electronic Nose Odor Measurement and Description Threshold concentrations Detection Recognition Intensity (strength) th) Persistence Hedonic tone--pleasant/unpleasant Hand Held Unit Laboratory Unit 5 Character descriptor 6 Livestock and Poultry Environmental Stewardship 1
2 Odor -- Sound Analogy Odor Sound Below Detection... I can t hear it Detection..... I hear something Recognition It s Elvis! Intensity How loud is it? Odor Measurement Nasal Ranger Sentometer 7 8 Olfactometer Intensometer 9 10 Odor Intensity Measurement Odor Intensity Reference Scale Based on N - Butanol Equivalent head space Intensity category concentration of N - butanol Mixture of N - butanol in Field Sniffers in air (ppm)* water (ppm) 0 No odor Very Light Light Moderate Strong Very strong * Based on air temperature of 20.3 C Livestock and Poultry Environmental Stewardship 2
3 Nasal Rangers Persistence 10 Wind Direction 5-20 Meters 200 Meters Intensity 100 Meters 0 50 Meters Decreasing Log Concentration Weather Station Hedonic Tone Unpleasant Neutral Pleasant 15 Character Descriptor Smells like Mint Musty Earth Rotten Mold Sewer Sulfur Sour Ammonia Pungent Menthol Burned 16 Normal Olfactory Sensitivity People Detecting Odor Hyper- sensitive Normal Anosmic Odor Reducing Technologies for Swine Production Low High Odor Detection Concentration Livestock and Poultry Environmental Stewardship 3
4 Biofilters Through Biofilter Media Reduces Odor by 90% Water Phase & Biofilm Support Media Biofilters Laminar Air Layer O 2 CO 2 Liquid/Biofilm Phase Vertical Biofilter Horizontal Biofilter Turbulent Air Uptake By Cells Support Media Air Phase Contaminants Biofilter Configuration Vertical Biofilter Configuration Mechanically Ventilated Building Mechanically Ventilated Building Exhaust Fan Biofilter Media Odorous Air Exhaust Fan Dust Impactor Reduced Odor Air Biofilter Media Odorous Air Soaker Hose Reduced Odor Air Pit Beneath Barn Air Duct Media Support Air Plenum 23 Pit Beneath Barn Air Duct Air Plenum 24 Livestock and Poultry Environmental Stewardship 4
5 Oil Sprinkling Oil Sprinkling Odor Control Factor 0.3 Sprinkling very small amounts of soybean oil inside pig buildings has been used to control dust as well as odor and some gases Dust Ionization Dust Ionization µg/m µg/m 3 PM 10 Dust Concentration in Air 28 Impermeable Cover Geotextile Covers Odor Control Factor 0.1 Odor Control Factor Livestock and Poultry Environmental Stewardship 5
6 Straw Covers Break-up of Straw Cover Throwing straw on an aboveground concrete pit Biocover on a concrete pit after 2 months Windbreak Walls Tree Windbreak Windbreak walls deflect exhaust air upward so it mixes with clean air so odors and gases become diluted. Windbreak wall is on the left building How Tree Shelterbelts Work Natural Windbreaks Without Trees With Trees Livestock and Poultry Environmental Stewardship 6
7 Results H 2 S (ppb) No Windbreak 17.7 Percent Reduction Partially Grown Shelterbelt % Mature Shelterbelt % Odo or Inten sity Windbreak Effect on Odor vs. Distance from Modeling No Windbreak WindBreak Distance Land Application Manure Injection Options Row Crop Application Method Injection: Vertical knife/chisel Placement of Manure (not to scale) Application Implement (side view) Injection: Horizontal sweep Shallow incorporation: s-tine cultivator (staggered) 39 Shallow incorporation: Concave disks Livestock and Poultry Environmental Stewardship 7
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