Breaking with Britain. Part I

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1 Breaking with Britain Part I

2 Monday, February 6 th COMING SOON: Open Lab Test Review on Saturday, February 11 th from 10:00 am to 2:00 pm in 173A, 240, and 270 SWKT Midterm #1: February 14th 17th Tuesday, February 14 th, Wednesday, February 15th (NO FEE) Thursday, February 16th -- $5 late fee Friday, February 17th -- $7 late fee must have the test in hand by 11:00 am Review Room is closed February 14th 17th for the week of the Midterm. Review Room will be opened again on Monday, February 20 th to review the exam.

3 Why did many Americans perceive Britain as tyrannical?

4 Locke s Second Treatise of Government A. State of nature: all men equal, with same rights to life, liberty B. Infringement on rights > voluntary agreement to form govt, a social compact C. Govt. s purpose: protect rights of citizens D. Govt. exists by consent of the governed, by which it gains legitimacy E. If govt. violates terms of compact (fails to protect people s rights), it can be overthrown through revolution.

5 The Status Quo: Colonial Self-government Elected assemblies in colonies Assemblies held power of the purse British practiced Salutary Neglect toward colonies

6 Provoking American Resistance Increased imperial bureaucracy He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people. Dec of Independence Enforcement of Navigation Acts Violation of Rule of Law: Publicity Restricting American expansion English legislation for the colonies

7 Proclamation Line of 1763: He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States. D of I

8 English legislation for the colonies Sugar Act, 1764 Duties on imported sugar, increased regulation to counter smuggling Stamp Act, 1765 Required purchase of stamped paper for all documents Declaratory Act, 1766 Asserted Parliament s authority to make laws binding on the colonies in all cases whatsoever Townshend Revenue Acts, 1767 Duties on many imported commodities Tea Act, 1773 Monopoly on tea imports granted to East India Co. Duties on imports (but reduced prices)

9 Purpose of Acts? Revenue Seven Years War Left Britain with debt of 130 million pounds

10 Colonial Responses Intercolonial cooperation: Non-importation agreements Committees of correspondence Intercolonial Associations Sons of Liberty Continental Congress Riot and Resistance Protests/petitions Reconciliation, not independence, the goal The Boston Tea Party

11 Imperial Response: The Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts), 1774 Boston Port Bill Closed Boston Harbor Massachusetts Government Act Annulled MA Charter Administration of Justice Act British officials must be tried in England Quartering Act Troops could be quartered in private homes Quebec Act Centralized Government created for Canada

12 Sources of American Resistance History Culture Identity

13 History The English Civil War The Glorious Revolution The Puritan Tradition God s Elect

14 Benjamin Franklin s Proposed Seal of the U.S.

15 The American colonies are to become the foundation of a great and mighty empire, the largest the world ever saw to be founded on such principles of liberty and freedom, both civil and religious... [and] which shall be the principal seat of that glorious kingdom which Christ shall erect upon earth in the latter days. Ebenezer Baldwin, The Duty of Rejoicing under Calamities and Afflictions (New York, 1776)

16 Culture The Commonwealth Tradition The Whig Party Virtue vs corruption and self-interest

17 Whig Sympathy for Americans

18 The Classical Tradition Rome s resistance to the tyranny of Caesar

19 The American Revolution The Battles of Lexington and Concord April 19, 1775 The importance of being the innocent defender He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us... Declaration of Independence, July 1776

20 Justifying Separation Violations of the rights of Englishmen No taxation without consent Trial by a jury of peers No representation

21 Was reconciliation possible? A voice in Parliament If you choose to tax us, give us members in your Legislature, and let us be one people. Benjamin Franklin Dominion status Separate parliaments, one sovereign

22 Why wouldn t England allow colonial representation? Colonies dependent; dependence seen as incompatible with representation Colonies represented virtually by Parliament Lord Chatham and America, 1767

23 The Declaration of Independence July 1776

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