THE MIDDLE AGES. The Feudal System. The Feudal System. The Medieval Manor. The Early Ages (The Dark Ages)

Transcription

1 The Early Ages (The Dark Ages) THE MIDDLE AGES A.D. Medieval Europe Barbarian invaders destroy Roman Empire Robbers and Bandits stop commerce & travel Reading, writing, arts, science ignored Europe divides into weak kingdoms No law or order The Feudal System King gives land (fief) to Lords in exchange for Fees, Loyalty, Military Support Lords provide land to Knights in exchange for Fees, Loyalty, Military Support Knights protect serfs in exchange for Fees, Loyalty, Military Support The Feudal System The Medieval Manor 1

2 Serfs at Work HIGH MIDDLE AGES Peak of medieval culture and politics New advances in farming = population growth & expanding trade = economic growth Powerful Popes and influence of the Catholic Church Intellectual and Artistic Growth Cathedrals built & Universities flourish William of Normandy (William the Conqueror) William of Normandy Invades England The Battle of Hastings William the Conqueror All Nobles must swear oath of loyalty Builds network of castles across England The Dooms Day Book: a survey of all people and their belongings for tax purposes! Parts of a Medieval Castle Dooms Day Book Castle Ruins 2

3 Effects End of Feudalism Beginning of centralize gov. Development of Democracy Henry II (rules ) Develops the Jury Trial and Common Law Appoints royal judges who tour land and deliver justice - law common to the whole kingdom. Jury trial with 12 good men Replaces inconsistent law codes from place to place, ( Law of Nations ) Legal decisions were then used as precedents in new cases Unifies England under a single legal system Common Law Henry II Richard the Lion Hearted King John King John 1215 Wants to tax nobles to pay for war with France Nobles Resist results in the Magna Carta Contract between King and Nobles Limited power of the king must govern according to the law! King John signing The Magna Carta The Magna Carta Great Charter Asserts that nobles had certain rights The monarch must obey the law Due Process of Law - king will not sell, deny, or delay justice Protects from arbitrary arrest & imprisonment No raising of taxes without the consultation of the Great Council (lords & clergy) 3

4 Magna Carta We will appoint as justices, constables, sheriffs, or bailiffs only such as know the law of the realm and mean to observe it well. Edward I ( ) 1295 needs $$ to pay for war with France Calls a meeting of lords, knights, & burgesses What affects all, by all should be approved Model Parliament in 1295 established standard for later Parliaments 1300 s Parliament Evolves Parliament will later consist of two Houses : Upper House = House of Lords (Nobles & Church High officials) Lower House = Houses of Commons (Knights and Burgesses) Duties: approve taxes and pass laws Power of the Purse : House of Commons controls finances! *Limits Power of the King *Established the principle of REPRESENTATION Late Middle Ages Europe is overwhelmed by disasters Plague/Black Death Decline in commerce Constant warfare Political instability The Renaissance The Reformation The Black Death Tumors covered the body -- some of them as big as an egg or apple, Boccaccio wrote. A large neck tumor might permanently cock a person's head in the opposite direction. Purplish splotches also covered the body. These were nicknamed "God's tokens," because God usually took the sufferer soon after they appeared. The sick even smelled like they were going to die. Bad breath and odors indicated they were rotting from the inside. Medieval writers tell us that the fevers resulted in delirium -- madmen wandered the streets, shouting wildly. The sick vomited incessantly or coughed up blood. Pus and blood oozed from sores. Once the symptoms started to appear, the victim was a ticking time bomb and died within days. No one knew what to do. There wasn't enough space in the graveyards, so the bloated bodies were left in the street. 4

5 Medieval Universities Oxford University Late Medieval Town Dwellings 5