Paths to Constitutionalism and Absolutism / New Directions in Thought and Culture

Transcription

1 Acc World History Mr. Burrell Paths to Constitutionalism and Absolutism / New Directions in Thought and Culture Objectives: 1. What social and economic factors limited absolute monarchs? 2. Describe the conflict between Parliament and the king over taxation and religion in early Stuart England, the English Civil War, and the abolition of the monarchy. 3. Discuss the establishment of an absolutist monarchy in France under Louis XIV and the religious policies he established. 4. Know the various countries and their histories from to include: The Netherlands, France, England, Sweden, The Ottoman Empire, Poland, Prussia, and Russia 5. Explain the creation of the British Prime Minister position 6. Discuss the beginning of the Romanov Dynasty 7. Understand the various astronomical theories of Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton and the emergence of the new scientific worldview. 8. Explain the philosophies of Bacon, Descartes, Pascal, Hobbes, and Locke. Calendar: Fri 9/23 HO Ch 13 HW Pckt (Due 10/10) Unit II Exam Multiple Choice HW: Read Kagan pg Mon 9/26 Tue 9/27 Wed 9/28 Thu 9/29 Fri 9/30 Mon 10/3 Tue 10/4 The Rise & Fall of the Netherlands (A look at the collapse of a country) HW: Read Kagan pg (finish Oliver Cromwell section) The Stuart Monarchy HW: Finish CE#3 Turn in CE#3 Finish Stuart Monarchy HW: Read Kagan pg Study Hall Library Research (Must use two non reference books, one internet source, and Issues & Controversies OR Information Plus). Notecards will be due 10/14 twenty total but you really should have more HW: Read Kagan pg (stop at Louis Early Wars section) The Rise of the Bourbon Monarchy HW: Read Kagan pg (stop at Louis Later Wars section) The Rise of the Bourbon Monarchy HW: Read Kagan pg Louis XIV & his wars HW: Finish CE#4

2 Wed 10/5 Thu 10/6 Fri 10/7 Mon 10/10 Tue 10/11 Wed 10/12 Thu 10/13 Fri 10/14 Mon 10/17 Tue 10/18 Wed 10/19 Turn in CE#4 The Ottoman Empire Rise & Fall HW: Read Kagan pg A look at Eastern Europe HW: Read Kagan pg The Roots of Russian Monarchy the Beginning of the Romanovs HW: Read Kagan pg Finish Ch 13 HW Pckt Turn in Ch 13 HW Pckt HO Ch 14 HW Pckt (Due 10/19) Astronomy & the Scientific Revolution HW: Read Kagan pg (read up to Tych Brahe section) A Look at Bacon, Descartes & Pascal HW: Finish CE#5 PSAT / For those not taking it (in class review) Turn in CE#5 HW: Read Kagan pg Study Hall Hobbes versus Locke, a debate HW: Finish Notecards (Round 1 = 20, Round 2 = 20) / Have both sets together Turn in Notecards Can Science and Religion exist together? HW: Read Kagan pg (Finish Rene Descartes section) Essay Brainstorming / Review / thesis work HW: Read Kagan pg We are skipping the rest of the chapter Jeopardy Review HW: Finish CE#5 Finish Ch 14 HW Pckt Study Hall Turn in Ch 14 HW Pckt Turn in CE#5 Unit III Exam

3 Acc Unit III Review Sheet Chapter 13 European State Consolidation in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Netherlands independence, stadholder, William III, republic, religious tolerance, States General, Calvinist Reform Church, Urban consolidation, Extensive trade, advanced financial system, Dutch East Indies company, Economic decline James I, Mary Stuart of Queen of Scots, [A Trew Law of Free Monarchies], impositions, James versus the Puritans, Plymouth Colony in 1620, Duke of Buckingham, James considered Pro Catholic, marriage of Charles to Spanish [infanta] Charles I versus parliament, Petition of Right, Thomas Wentworth earl of Strafford, [thorough], War with Scotland, William Laud, Book of Common Prayer, Short Parliament Long Parliament, Presbyterians, Independents, Militia Ordinance, Civil war from , Cavaliers, Oliver Cromwell, Roundheads, Puritan Republic , Lord Republic, military dictatorship of Cromwell, conquers Scotland & Ireland Charles II, Clarendon Code, Treaty of Dover in 1670, Declaration of Indulgence in 1672, Test Act, Popish Plot James II, Tories, his daughter Mary, William of Orange, Glorious Revolution 1688, Bill of Rights, Toleration Act of 1689, Act of Settlement in 1701, Queen Anne, King George I, Great Britain, Hanoverian Dynasty, Act of Settlement (1701), Queen Anne ( ), Act of Union 1707 George I (r ), James Edward Stuart, [Whigs], [Tories], Robert Walpole, [originator of the cabinet system], ["Quieta non movere"] Cardinal Richilieu, [Henry IV], [Louis XIII], [intendants], [corvee], [raison d état], Cardinal Mazarin, Fronde, Louis XIV, ["one king, one law, one faith"], parlements, dauphin, Versailles, Sun King, [la Gloire], Bishop Bousset, Divine Right, L état, c est moi, Jean Baptiste Colbert, [mercantilism] War of Devolution, Marie Thérese, Triple Alliance, Treaty of Aix La Chapelle, Treaty of Dover 1740, Peace of Nijmwegen, Galican Liberties, Jansenism, revocation of Nantes, Nine Years' War, League of Augsburg, Peace of Ryswick, War of Spanish Succession, Philip of Anjou Philip V of Spain, Grand Alliance, Peace of Utrecht, Louis XV (r ), John Law, Mississippi Company, Mississippi Bubble, parlements increased power, Cardinal Fleury Poland, King John III Sobieski (r ), Sejm, liberum veto, "exploding the diet", nobility over monarchy Habsburg Empire, 1649 [Treaty of Westphalia], consolidation of their power, problems with the Magyars in Hungary, Leopold I (r ), Charles VI (r ), Pragmatic Sanction, Maria Theresa Prussia and the Hohenzollerns, the rise of Prussia, Frederick William (r ), the Great Elector, the threat of Sweden and Poland, Junkers, Frederick I (r ), King of Prussia, Frederick William I (r ), Prussian Army, Frederick II (r ), Frederick the Great Russia, "Time of Troubles", Michael Romanov (r ), boyars, streltsy, Peter the Great (r ), tsar of Russia, imitator of the west, [Five goals of Peter], Charles XII, Great Northern War, St. Petersburg, colleges, Table of Ranks, Orthodox Church, Holy Synod The Ottoman Empire, control of most of the Balkan peninsula, millets, dhimmis, overextension of the empire, Sharia, Ulama, failure in the economy, 1699 treaty with the Habsburgs (gave up Balkan control)

4 Chapter 14 New Directions in Thought and Culture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries Nicolaus Copernicus, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, Ptolemaic system, geocentric, epicycles, heliocentric, Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, The New Astronomy, Galileo Galilei, Starry Messenger, Letters on Sunspots, Sir Isaac Newton, Principia Mathematica Sir Francis Bacon, scholasticism, empirical evidence, The Advancement of Learning, Novum Organum, Atlantis, inductive reasoning, Rene Descartes, Discourse on Method, Meditations, deductive reasoning, cogito ergo sum, Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan 1651, natural right, "a war of every against every man", John Locke, First Treatise of Government, Second Treatise of Government, life, liberty and property, political contract, limited government, Letter Concerning Toleration, Essay Concerning Human Understanding, [tabula rasa] Unit III Guiding Questions Please remember, some of these guided questions may refer to material that we have already learned. Don t expect to be able to find all of the answers in a certain chapter. This is why they are called guided questions. Chapter 13: The Golden Age of the Netherlands 1. Why did the United Provinces decline as a major maritime power by the earl 18c? 2. How did the United Provinces gain their independence? 3. Why was William III not able to establish absolutism in the United Provinces? How did the Estates General of Holland curtail his political and military ambitions? 4. Why did the Dutch Republic decline at the end of the 17c? Chapter 13: Rise of the Parliamentary England 5. Why was James I so unpopular with his British subjects? What alienated him from Parliament? 6. How did Charles I continue his father's political and fiscal policies? Where did he go even further than his father? 7. Why was the Petition of Rights a significant document in the constitutional evolution of England? What was Charles I response to it? 8. How did Charles I anger most economic/political groups in England? What were their chief complaints about his regime? 9. Why was the Scottish Rebellion, begun in 1639 a turning point for Charles I reign? 10. What parts of English society initially supported the Roundheads during the English Civil War? The Cavaliers? Why? 11. What type of split occurred in the parliamentary forces by 1646? How did Oliver Cromwell respond to this division? 12. How was the 1652 Act of Settlement serve England's hold on Ireland? 13. What were the results of the Puritan Revolution? 14. Why did the Parliament restore the monarchy under Charles II in 1660? 15. Over what issues did Parliament and Charles II collide? 16. Why was the change in power from James II to William and Mary called the" Glorious Revolution" in British history? 17. Why was James II forced to flee England in 1688? What did he do that so angered the British people?

5 Chapter 13: The Age of Walpole 18. Identify the political interests in England represented by the Whigs and the Tories. 19. What were some of the characteristics of British political life at the end of the 18c England? 20. Identify the major political/constitutional principles highlighted in the English Bill of Rights. Why was it considered a milestone in British history? 21. How was the Hanoverian dynasty established in England? 22. How 'democratic' was Britain under the Hanoverian Georges? 23. Why do some historians feel that modern British cabinet system had its origins her in the late 18c? 24. What was Parliament's view of its political and constitutional role within the British government structure? Chapter 13: Rise of Absolute France 25. Summarize the views of the various political theorists of the 16c and 17c regarding absolutism. 26. How was divine right monarchy, recognized by these theorists, different from pure arbitrary despotic power (arbitrary monarchy)? 27. How did Henry IV lay the groundwork for strong monarchial authority of France? 28. What was the basic erogenous premise of mercantilism? Identify key mercantilist principles. 29. Cardinal Richelieu' s two goals, as Louis XIII's chief minister, were to strengthen the power to achieve these goals [detail his domestic policies you will detail his foreign policies in the next assignment]? 30. Why did the Fronde occur in France between 1648 and 1653? What were the immediate and long term results of this uprising for the future of the French monarchy? 31. What were the three ways in which Louis XIV attempted to rule the provinces? 32. Why did Louis XIV build his palace complex at Versailles? What was life like there for the French nobility? 33. How did Colbert's policies at Louis XVI's finance minister illustrate the objectives of mercantilism? 34. What were the strengths and weaknesses of Colbert's economic policies? 35. What were the limits of royal absolutism in France? Chapter 13: Louis XIV's Rule 36. What were Louis XIV's foreign policy goals? What was Europe's response to his vision of France's role on the continent? 37. Identify the causes and results of the war of the Spanish Succession. 38. What were the provisions of the Treaties of Utrecht 39. Why did Louis XIV revoke the Edict of Nantes in 1658? What were the repercussions of such a move? 40. What was Jansenism? How did Louis XIV deal with Jansenists in France? 41. When he died, in what shape did Louis XVI leave France in? Chapter 13: Louis XV's Rule 42. How did Louis XV rule France? 43. What structural problems were evident in France at the end of Louis XV's reign? Chapter 13: The Hapsburg Empire 44. What territories did the Hapsburg Empire control by the early 18c? 45. Why were the Pragmatic Sanctions ineffective? How did Maria Theresa survive the attacks on her throne, which led to the War of Austrian Succession? 46. Give examples that illustrate the ways in which Maria Theresa governed the Austrian Empire like any other absolute monarchy of the 18c.

6 Chapter 13: Prussia and the Hohenzollerns 47. Who were the Junkers? What role did they play in Prussian society and in the government? 48. How did Fredrick III, the Great Elector, become Fredrick I, King of Prussia? 49. What political lessons in modem nation state building were learned by the rulers of Prussia and Austria, but not a country like Poland? 50. How was Prussia under Fredrick William I different from that of his Predecessors? 51. What were Frederick II's views of governing? Chapter 13: Birth of the Romanovs 52. What did Peter the Great learn from the European countries he visited on his " Grand Tour" of Europe in the late 17c? 53. How did the Tsar's government treat the Russian peasants? 54. How did Peter the Great modernize his military? His government? Russian society? The Russian Orthodox Church? 55. How did Peter the Great push to expand Russian territories? Why did he choose those directions? 56. What were the major achievements of Peter the Great's reign? Chapter 14: The Scientific Revolution 57. Make a list of the major causes of the Scientific Revolution. Why did it occur when it did? 58. What was the cold Ptolemaic conception of the universe? 59. What was the Copernican view of the universe? How did it differ from Ptolemy's? Why was it so controversial? 60. Identify the scientific theories of Brahe and Kepler 61. How did Kepler's views challenge the theological assumptions of the Catholic Church? 62. With the use of a telescope constructed by himself from an earlier Dutch model, what did Galileo observe/ discover in the heavens? 63. How did Galileo undermine Aristotle's ideas about motion? 64. How did Sir Isaac Newton build upon the work of his predecessors? 65. Why do you think that many historians of science consider Sir Isaac Newton's Law of Gravitation to be "the greatest of the human mind"? 66. Evaluate the validity of the following statement: The revolution accomplished from Copernicus to Newton was the great spiritual adjustment that modern civilization had to make. Chapter 14: Philosophy Responds to Changing Science 67. Why were philosophers, astronomers, anatomists, and other scientific thinkers hesitant to dispute and displace the ideas of ancient thinkers? 68. What were Francis Bacon's views regarding the human pursuit of knowledge, the methods of science, and the purposes to which science should be applied? 69. What method of arriving at eternal truths did Rene Descartes take? What assumptions did he make as he began his intellectual journey? 70. What dualism was inherent in Descartes' conception of reality? 71. How did Descartes methodology differ from that of Bacon?