The State Popula'on A state must have people, the number of which does not directly relate to its existence.

Transcription

1 The State Popula'on A state must have people, the number of which does not directly relate to its existence. Territory A state must be comprised of land territory with known and recognized boundaries. Sovereignty Every state is sovereign. It has supreme and absolute power within its own territory and decides its own foreign and domes@c policies. Government Every state has a government that is, it is poli@cally organized.

2 Differences over

3 Origins of the State The Force Theory The force theory states that one person or a small group took control of an area and forced all within it to submit to that person s or group s rule. The Evolutionary Theory The evolutionary theory argues that the state evolved naturally out of the early family. The Divine Right Theory The theory of divine right holds that God created the state and that God gives those of royal birth a divine right to rule. The Social Contract Theory The social contract theory argues that the state arose out of a voluntary act of free people.

4 What Is Government? Government is the ins'tu'on through which a society makes and enforces its public policies. Public Policies are the things that the Government decides to do. Examples are taxa'on, defense, educa'on, etc.

5 Three Basic Powers of Government Legisla've The power to make law and to frame public policies. Execu've Power the power to execute, enforce, and administer the laws. Judicial the power to interpret laws, to determine their meaning and to secle disputes that arise within the society.

6 Defining Governmental Powers Cons'tu'ons Are the body of fundamental laws sefng out the principles, structures and processes of a government. Most but not all countries have a cons'tu'on for this purpose.

7 Preamble of the Constitution of the United States: We the People of the United States, in Order to: 1. form a more perfect Union, 2. establish Justice, 3. insure domestic Tranquility, 4. provide for the common defense, 5. promote the general Welfare, and 6. secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

8 The 4 Types of Governments

9 Dictatorship/Autocracy One-person rule. Ruler has total control. Absolute monarchs are also dictatorships. ADVANTAGES 1. People may be united in their loyalty to a dictator since there is no compe@@on for trust and affec@on. 2. In an emergency, a dictator can move quickly to take ac@on. is lost in debate or discussion. DISADVANTAGES 1. People are afforded lifle or no individual liberty. Civil rights are trampled on. 2. A dictator s policies suit his/her own needs. Needs of the people may be neglected. 3. Decision making has a narrow base - can be flawed, wrong, dangerous, and not fully supported by the people.

10 ADVANTAGES Oligarchy Form of government in which the power is in the hands of a few persons or small group (who have the combined power of a dictator.) 1. Decisions can be made rela@vely quickly. 2. May provide expert leadership while avoiding the danger of oneperson rule. 3. In theory, they are the most educated members of society. 4. Members of the oligarchy listen to each other - they work together to rule. DISADVANTAGES Same as Dictatorship (Needs and wants of the people are not necessarily considered.)

11 Direct Democracy Government in which all ci'zens have equal power in decision making. ADVANTAGES 1. Every has equal power in mafers of government. Every is involved in the decision making. DISADVANTAGES 1. Only works when a small number of people are involved. Ability to gather all ci@zens in one place is necessary. 2. Since all ci@zens are involved in decision making, there is a broad base of support and loyalty. 2. Decision making involving all ci@zens All ci@zens give in-put, debate, etc Individual liber@es are protected.

12 Representa've (Indirect) Democracy (Republic) Government in which people elect representa'ves who hold the decision making power. ADVANTAGES 1. are involved in decision making through their lobbying, and 2. are aware their job depends on the needs of their 3. More likely that all elements of the are represented. DISADVANTAGES 1. Decision making consuming. Desire of to please everyone may cripple system. 2. may not always agree with those they represent. 3. Lack of involved may allow special interest groups to influence or dominate

13 The theory of government The Meaning and Symbolism of Democracy Originated with the Greeks Demos = common people, Kratos = power Greeks feared democracy Demagogue-common people, leader Two schools of thought today: Democracy is a form of government Democracy is a procedural approach

14 The theory of government The Procedural View of Democracy Universal Who should in decision making? equality How much should each s vote count? Majority rule How many votes are needed to reach a decision?

15 The theory of government The View of Democracy Focuses on substance, not procedures Based on Bill of Rights and amendments Government should guarantee civil and civil rights Disagreement among theorists over social rights have narrow view Liberals have broader view

16 Health care: government s responsibility?

17 The Majoritarian Model of Democracy Government by majority of the people Popular of government officials decide government policies Referendum Recall models of democracy Americans not knowledgeable enough Defenders: Americans have coherent opinions Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 17

18 The Majoritarian Model Versus the Pluralist Model Majoritarian models of democracy Mass public controls government Relies on majority rule Cohesive Centralized government Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 18

19 The Majoritarian Model Versus the Pluralist Model Pluralist models of democracy Relies on interests of specialized groups Limits majority Decentralized government Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 19

20 models of democracy An Model: Elite Theory A small group makes most important decisions Government controlled by wealthy; business connec@ons Control key financial, communica@ons, industrial, government ins@tu@ons Would call U.S. an oligarchy Difficult to test validity of theory Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 20

21 The global challenge of Two Models of Government Majoritarian: government No government achieves responsiveness demanded Pluralist: respond to minority interests No government offers equal access to all groups No consensus on which is preferable Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 21

22 The global challenge of Establishing Democracies Governments meet some criteria but not others Slight decline in democracies in recent years a difficult process The Arab Spring did not lead to democracy Ethnic and religious conflicts Vulnerable to afack by opponents need to succeed economically Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 22

23 Classification by: NB p. 12 Geographic Distribution of Power Unitary Government all powers held by a single, central agency.

24 Classification by: Geographic Distribution of Power Confederate Government an alliance of independent states.

25 Classification by: Geographic Distribution of Power Federal Government A federal government is one in which the powers of government are divided between a central government and several local governments. An authority superior to both the central and local governments makes this division of power on a geographic basis.

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27 Classifica'on by the Rela'onship between the Execu've and Legisla've Branches