Ultra-sensitive Detection of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in Water with an Integrated On-Line Extraction-UHPLC-MS/MS System

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1 Ultra-sensitive Detection of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in Water with an Integrated On-Line Extraction-UHPLC-MS/MS System Helen Sun, Ph.D. Bruker Corporation, Chemical and Applied Markets (CAM)

2 Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) PPCP category: Prescription medicine Over-the-counter drugs Veterinary drugs Fragrances Cosmetics Sun-screen products Diagnostic reagents Nutraceuticals (e.g., Vitamins)

3 Examples of PPCPs PPCP name Ibuprofen Gemfibrozil Cimetidine Acetaminophen Thiabendazole Sulfadimethoxine Caffeine Bisphenol A Cholesterol Testosterone Estrogen Benzylecgonine Classification Analgesic Antilipemic Anti-acid reflux Antipyretic, Analgesic Fungicide and parasiticide Sulfonamide antibiotic Stimulant Plasticizer Sterol Sex Hormone Sex Hormone Cocaine metabolite, drug of abuse

4 Source of PPCPs

5 PPCPs: impact to the planet Potential risk to environment Potential risk to ecological system Potential risk to water resource Potential risk to human

6 Monitoring PPCPs in water Levels of PPCPs detected in the treated municipal waste water Analytical challenges for PPCP monitor in water: Trace amount of analyte Multi-residue analysis It requires a sensitive instrument with high speed analysis capability Ternes, Thomas A. Human Pharmaceuticals, Hormones And Fragrances: The Challenge of Micropollutants in Urban Water Management, IWA Publishing

7 LC-MS/MS for PPCP analysis in water 300 Published PPCP studies by LC-MS/MS

8 LC-MS/MS for PPCP quantitation MRM mode of LC-MS/MS for quantitation targeted analysis, high accuracy

9 Sample preparation for PPCP analysis in water Pre-concentration step: improve sensitivity Offline solid phase extraction Labor intensive High consumable cost HPLC online extraction Automatic, less labor intensive Two pump systems, complicates plumbing diagram

10 EVOQ LC-TQ online extraction (OLE) Bruker Advance UHPLC OLE : The first UHPLC with an integrated third pump for online extraction Maximum Performance and Flexibility On-Line Extraction (OLE) Binary + Loading pump Same foot-print OLE Applications: Sample online pre-concentration Dual trap capability Matrix elimination

11 Bruker LC-TQ Advantage Designed for a singular purpose to reliably quantify thousands of real samples in the fastest sample-to-report time possible Industry work-horse PAL auto-sampler Vacuum insulated probe - Heated ESI (VIP-HESI) with Active Exhaust for highflow sensitivity & robustness Dual inter-laced Ion funnels for sustained high-sensitivity Lens-free collision cell design for maximum productivity Advance HPLC, UHPLC (15,000 psi), & UHPLC- OLE (3 pumps in same cabinet) configuration with built-in column oven and low deadvolume (60uL) Detector technology for fast pos/neg switching & excellent negative ion performance

12 The Bruker LC-TQ Advantage Food Testing Clenbuterol as a contaminant in meat Clenbuterol is a sympathomimetic amine (beta-2 agonist). Side-effect is an increases in basal metabolism rates, which helps build muscle mass, while reducing body-fat. Major outbreak in China which sickened over 900 people Over 17 livestock houses closed in Mexico due to 100% of samples testing positive for clenbuterol EVOQ LC-TQ Advantage Turn-key method on the EVOQ LC-TQ Sustained high sensitivity proof statement available Available in Compound Based Screening library Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4

13 Advance UHPLC OLE Pump configuration: Single Trap OLE loading mode Column Oven MS CTC 1 6 Waste Wash Out Wash In OLE solvent Solvent B Solvent A A B A Purge out Mixer Purge valve B Purge valve Waste Maximum Pressure: 100 Mpa/1000 bar/15,000 psi

14 Advance UHPLC OLE Pump configuration: Single Trap OLE analyzing mode Column Oven MS CTC 1 6 Waste Wash Out Wash In OLE solvent Solvent B Solvent A A B A Purge out Mixer Purge valve B Purge valve Waste Maximum Pressure: 100 Mpa/1000 bar/15,000 psi

15 Advance UHPLC OLE Pump configuration: Dual Trap Analyzing Trap 1 Loading Trap 2 Column Oven MS CTC 1 6 Waste Wash Out Wash In OLE solvent Solvent B Solvent A A B A Purge out Mixer Purge valve B Purge valve Waste

16 Advance UHPLC OLE Pump configuration: Dual Trap Loading Trap 1 Analyzing Trap 2 Column Oven MS CTC 1 6 Waste Wash Out Wash In OLE solvent Solvent B Solvent A A B A Purge out Mixer Purge valve B Purge valve Waste

17 EVOQ OLE lowering detection limit

18 EVOQ OLE application PPCP quantitation in city tap water samples and river water

19 PPCP list PPCP compounds Alprazolam Ciproxacin Sulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim Carbamazepine 2,4-D Ametryn Atrazine Bentazone Carboxine Cyanazine Diuron Hexazinone Hydroxy Atrazine MCPA Mecoprop Metolachlor Metribuzin Prometryn Pyriproxyfen Simazine Thiabendazole Dapoxetine Sildenafil Caffeine Category anxiolytic antibiotic antibiotic antibiotic anticonvulsant pesticide/parasiticide prescription drug prescription drug stimulant

20 Experimental condition LC OLE pump Flow rate: 500 µl/min Gradient: isocratic, 100% H 2 O + 0.1% FA Column: YMC-Pack Pro ODS-AQ, 35mm 2.0 mm, 3 µm Injection volume: 400 µl UHPLC binary pump Flow rate: 400 µl/min Solvent A: H 2 O + 5mM NH 4 OAc Solvent B: MeOH Column: YMC-Pack Pro C18 RS, 50mm 2.0 mm, 3 µm Gradient run: 1 5 min MS condition Bruker Advance UHPLC OLE Instrument Bruker EVOQ Elite Ion source condition HESI: ±4000 V Cone gas flow: 15 unit Cone temp: 300 C Heated Probe gas: 50 unit Heated Probe temp: 450 C Nebulizer gas flow: 50 unit Exhaust gas: on Sample preparation Water sample acidified to 0.1% FA and filtered (0.45µm)

21 Selected PPCPs at 2 ppt

22 Linearity, 1 ppt 100 ppt Trimethoprim R 2 =0.999 Carbamazepine R 2 =0.999 Naproxen R 2 =0.999 Triclosan R 2 =0.998 Gemfibrozil R 2 =0.997 Sulfamethoxazole R 2 =0.999

23 Summary of PPCPs in Water Compound Name RT S/N RSD% Creek Bottled (min) ESI R 2 (p/p) n=10 Tap Water 1 Tap Water 2 Water Water 2 ppt (5ppt) pg/ml (ppt) Trimethoprim % <2 <2 5 <2 Hydroxy Atrazine % 4 <2 7 <2 Thiabendazole % ND <2 <2 <2 Ciproxacin % ND ND ND ND Caffeine % ND <2 <2 10 Sildenafil % ND ND ND <2 Sulfamethoxazole % <2 <2 ND <2 Cyanazine % ND ND ND <2 Simazine % 3 <2 5 ND Metribuzin % ND ND ND ND Hexazinone % ND Dapoxetine % ND ND ND ND Bentazone % ND ND ND ND Ametryn % ND ND <2 ND Carboxine % ND ND ND ND Carbamazepine % <2 <2 <2 ND Atrazine % <2 ND ND ND Alpazolam % ND ND ND ND Diuron % 9 <2 6.2 ND Prometryn % ND ND ND <2 2,4-D % 9 <2 13 <2 MCPA % <2 <2 <2 ND Mecoprop % <2 < Metolachlor % 22 <2 <2 <2 Pyriproxifen % ND <2 ND <2

24 Hexazinone Broad spectrum herbicide Inhibits photosynthesis Used to control grasses, wood plants High water solubility A pervasive groundwater contaminant

25 Metolachlor Chloroacetanilide herbicide Has been detected in ground and surface water through out US ( ppb) Category C pesticide by US EPA Bioaccumulation of metolachlor in edible species of fish US EPA health advisory level (HAL): ppm

26 Summary EVOQ OLE system provides a total solution for trace PPCP quantitation in water samples: automatic online extraction followed by LC-MS/MS targeted analysis An MRM based LC-MS/MS method has been developed for PPCP quantitation in city water, creek water and bottled water samples Quantitation result shows that the water quality between cities is slightly different, weed killer herbicides were screened in the tested water samples, but the concentration is still within safety range EVOQ OLE system is a ease-of-use, sensitive and robust instrument for PPCP analysis in water samples

27 Conclusion Game-Changing Products for Quadrupole MS Applications GC-TQ or LC-TQ MRM Data Reports Data Generation Information Creation Decisions