LC/MS/MS Analysis of 75 Endocrine Disrupting Compounds, Pharmaceuticals, and Personal Care Products in River Water

Transcription

1 LC/MS/MS Analysis of 75 Endocrine Disrupting Compounds, Pharmaceuticals, and Personal Care Products in River Water Loren Y Olson, Christopher D Borton, Hesham Ghobarah, Elliott B Jones, and Andre Schreiber LCMS Applications Group Applied Biosystems TM /MDS Sciex TM

2 Outline Introduction What are endocrine distruptors (EDC) Method development strategies and hardware 75 Analytes using QqQ scans on a 4000 Q Trap System Single injection with polarity switching Simultaneous quantitation and confirmation 25 EDCs using a hybrid scan modes Q Trap System Multiple injection with dedicated ionization modes (DuoSpray TM Source) High throughput quantitation and spectral confirmation Hybrid scan mode approach Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

3 Introduction Why Study Endocrine Disruptors? Endocrine disruptors affect health of humans and aquatic ecosystems Pesticides, industrial waste, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products Many act as hormone mimics Endogenous hormones - potent effects on development Thus, ECDs can also have adverse effects, even at seemingly low levels Criteria for testing not set or are outdated Transgenerational effects / bioaccumulation Population growth New tools and techniques are needed Identify threats to the environment Take action before adverse health effects are seen in organisms Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

4 Strategies for LC/MS/MS Method Development Demonstrate feasibility of using different strategies LC/MS/MS for EDCs. Screen, quantitate and confirm in environmental water samples. ESI vs. APCI or DuoSpray TM Source Polarity switching Single vs. multiple injections Performance and practicality Evaluate sample preparation SPE Direct detection - no derivatization Hardware and software automation Increase efficiency data thoughput Less manual review of data Data Reduction Analyst and accessory software Draw conclusions quickly and with confidence Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

5 HPLC Method Shimadzu LC system Column: Phenomenex Ultracarb C x 4.6mm Mobile Phase A: water % formic acid Mobile phase B: acetonitrile % formic acid Column oven temperature 28 C Flow of 600µL/min Injection of 50µL Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

6 Mass Spec Method 4000 Q Trap LC/MS/MS system Turbo V source (ESI) Heater temperature of 600 C Polarity switching 2 MRM transitions per compound Total run time of 55min Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

7 Turbo V TM Ionsource Flowrates: 10µL/min - 2 ml/min Orthogonal spray Excellent desolvation capacity Entrainment of Taylor cone Exhaust baffles to minimize tailing Fast changeover from ESI to APCI Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

8 LINAC Axial Field Gradient (LINAC=Linear Accelerator) Collision Cell Entrance Collision Cell Exit +1.5V Field Gradient Because of a field gradient, ions pass through the collision cell much faster than standard collision cells Q2 LINAC collision cell eliminates cross-talk and allows faster MS/MS scanning without sensitivity losses Q2 rods are tilted and separate DC potentials are applied to each pair of rods to create an axial electric field Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

9 Sample List LC/MS/MS Approach to Endocrine Disruptors and PPCP Compound Type Compound Type Acetaminophen Analgesic Estradiol 17a Estrogen Ketoprofen Analgesic Estradiol 17b Estrogen Codeine Analgesic Ethynylestradiol Estrogen Hydrocodone Analgesic Progesterone Estrogen Acetylsalicylic Acid Analgesic Equilin Estrogen replacement Ibuprofen Analgesic Diethylstilbestrol Estrogen replacement Andorostenedione Androgen Simazine Herbicide Testosterone Androgen Isoproturon Herbicide Warfarin Anti coagulant Chlorotoluron Herbicide Diclofenac Anti-arthritic Atrazine Herbicide Meprobamate Anti-axiety Chloridazon Herbicide Sulfadiazine Antibiotic Propazine Herbicide Sulfamethoxazole Antibiotic Diuron Herbicide Sulfathiazole Antibiotic Hexazinone Herbicide Sulfamerazine Antibiotic Bromacil Herbicide Sulfamethizole Antibiotic Metazachlor Herbicide Sulfamethazine Antibiotic Metolachlor Herbicide Sulfachloropyridazine Antibiotic 2,4-D Herbicide Trimethoprim Antibiotic DEET Insect Repellant Sulfadimethoxine Antibiotic Bezafibrate Lipid Regulator Ciprofolxacin Antibiotic Clofibric Acid Metabolite of Lipid Regulator Penicillin G Antibiotic Diazepam Muscle-relaxant Amoxicillin Antibiotic Norethisterone Ovulation Inhibitor Lincomycin Antibiotic Theophylline Stimulant Oxytetracycline Antibiotic Theobromine Stimulant Chlortetracycline Antibiotic Caffeine Stimulant Viginiamycin Antibiotic Oxybenzone Sunscreen Erythromycin Antibiotic Sildenafil Virility regulator Roxithromycin Antibiotic Vardenafil Virility regulator Tylosone Tartrate Antibiotic Cotinine Carbadox Antibiotic Ketorolac Triclosan (Irgasan) Antibiotic Meclofenamic Acid Chloamphenicol Antibiotic Nifedipine Fluoxetine Anti-depresant Indomethacin Carbamazepine Anti-seizure Diatrizoate 75 Pentoxifylline Blood Viscosity Reducing Agent 2,4-Dichlorobenzoic Acid Estrone Estrogen Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

10 100 ppb Standard ESI with Polarity Switching ESI Positive 65 analytes ESI Negative 10 analytes Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

11 2 MRMs Per Analyte Were Used for Confirmation Diclofenac Warfarin Clofibric Acid Ibuprofen Acetylsalicylic Acid Chloramphenicol Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

12 Linear Over 3-4 Orders of Magnitude (R 2 > 0.995) Theophylline 1 Stimulant Chlortoluron / Pesticide / 72 Theophylline 2 Chlortoluron / / 140 Sulfathiazole 1 Antibiotic / Vardenafil 1 Virility Regulator / 72.1 Sulfathiazole 2 Vardenafil / / Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

13 Solid Phase Extraction Results in a 100X Concentration of Analytes 1L River Water Filter Condition SPE 20 ml MeOH, 40 ml Water. 1L Filtered SPE Ready SPE NEW 10mL Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

14 Solid Phase Extraction Results in a 100X Concentration of Analytes 1L River Water Filter Condition SPE 20 ml MeOH, 40 ml Water. 1L Filtered SPE Ready SPE NEW 50µL 10mL Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

15 SPE Recovery - Comparison of Pre and Post Extraction Analyte Spike Pre vs Post Extraction Spike Percent recovery Lincomycin 1 Cotinine 2 Cotinine 1 Vardenafil 1 Triclosan (Irgasan) 1 Theophylline 1 Piroxicam 1 2,4-D 1 Diclofenac 1 Indomethacin 1 Acetaminophen 1 Carbadox 1 Clofibric Acid 1 Hydrocodone 1 Virginiamycin 1 Trimethoprim 1 Diazepam 1 Ketoprofen 1 Bezafibrate 1 Ciprofloxacin 1 Fluoxetine 1 Atrazine 1 Tylosone Tartrate 1 Metazachlor 1 Testosterone 1 Sildenafil 1 Propazine 1 Diuron 1 Sulfamethazine 1 100% Pre vs Post Extraction Spike Percent recovery Estradiol 17b 1 Roxithromycin 1 Sulfamethizole 1 Sulfamerazine 1 Sulfachloropyridazine 1 Chloramphenicol 1 Sulfadiazine 1 Ibuprofen 1 Ketorolac 1 Warfarin 1 Chlorotoluron 1 Simazine 1 Sulfathiazole 1 Norethisterone 1 Sulfamethoxazole 1 Metolachlor 1 Hexazinone 1 Androstenedione 1 Estrone 1 Pentoxifylline 1 Oxybenzone 1 Meprobramate 1 Erythromycin 1 Bromacil 1 Sulfadimethoxine 1 Carbamazepine 1 Chloridazon 1 DEET 1 Caffeine Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

16 Collection of River Water Samples River 1 Influent and effluent samples of a river in a rural area River 2 Influent and effluent samples of a river running through an urban area Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

17 Chromatograms - River 1 A Rural Area Influent Effluent Positive ESI Carbamazepine Anti-convulsive Negative ESI 2,4 D Herbicide Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

18 Chromatograms - River 1 A Rural Area Influent Effluent Positive ESI Sulfamerazine Antibiotic Negative ESI 2,4 D Herbicide Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

19 Results Table - River 1 A Rural Area Influent [C] Effluent [C] Analyte ng/l (ppt) ng/l (ppt) Erythromycin Carbamazepine ,4-D ND 9.35 DEET Sulfamethoxazole Caffeine Ciprofloxacin ND Cotinine 2.05 ND ND = not detected Increases by >2X Within 2X Decreases by >2X Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

20 Chromatograms - River 2 An Urban Area Influent Effluent Negative ESI Positive ESI Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

21 Detection Confirmation Using MRM Area Ratios LC/MS/MS Approach to Endocrine Disruptors and PPCP Detection and Confirmation Using MRM Area Ratios of Contaminants in River Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

22 Results Table - River 2 An Urban Area Influent [C] Effluent [C] Analyte ng/l (ppt) ng/l (ppt) Oxybenzone ND 6.25 Increases by >2X Bromacil ND 7.4 Within 2X Diazepam ND Decreases by >2X Warfarin ND 0.93 Triclosan (Irgasan) ND = not detected Codine Diuron Trimethoprim Lincomycin Carbamazepine DEET Ketorolac Meprobramate Atrazine Sulfamethoxazole Pentoxifylline Caffeine Cotinine 14.4 ND Simazine 1.01 ND Norethisterone 1.15 ND Erythromycin ND Tylosone Tartrate ND 2,4-D 3.24 ND Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

23 Example Reports from Ion Ratio Report Generator Software Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

24 Example Reports from Ion Ratio Report Generator Software Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

25 Example Reports Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

26 4000 Q Trap Method for Optimized Quantitative Performance and Qualitative ID in Treated Tap Water Not sample limited Multiple injections possible Higher throughput chromatography Sensitivity, robustness, linearity, precision are a priority DuoSpray TM Source Dedicated polarity Smaller, more focused analyte list (25 total) Spectral confirmation and the ability to do qualitative ID on unknowns MRM IDA (Information Dependant Acquisition) Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

27 DuoSpray TM Source - for Diverse Sets of Analytes ESI Probe APCI Probe Turbo Heater Corona Discharge Needle Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

28 HPLC Method Shimadzu LC system Column: Phenomenex Polar RP C18 50 x 2.0mm Mobile Phase A: water + 0.1% formic acid Mobile phase B: acetonitrile + 0.1% formic acid Flow of 800µL/min Injection of 10µL Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

29 Mass Spec Method 4000 Q Trap LC/MS/MS system DuoSpray source (automated ESI and APCI switching) Heater temperature of 600 C Dedicated ionization Positive or Negative only 1 MRM transition per compound Total run time of 4min Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

30 A Schematic of the 4000 Q Trap Ion Path Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 LINAC linear ion trap 3x10-5 Torr Hybrid QqQ / Linear Ion Trap (LIT) QqQ - selectivity and sensitivity Fast and sensitive full scan performance Greater Ion capacity and higher resolution MS3 and other scan modes Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

31 LIT Trapping Ions Radial Trapping Axial Trapping IQ3 Radial Trapping Exit Barrier Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

32 LIT Scanning Axial Trapping Radial Trapping Exit Lens with Grid Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

33 The Structure of an IDA Experiment Survey Scans Survey 1 Survey 2 IDA Criteria Dynamic Background Subtraction Dependent Scans MS 2 1 MS 2 2 MS 2 3 MS Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

34 LLOQ from a Higher Throughput Multiple Injection Approach. Compound fg on column ppt Compound fg on column ppt carbofuran Progesterone triazophos Ethynyl estradiol linuron Chloramphenicol Acetominophen ,4-D Erythromycin Silvex Sulfamethoxazole ibuprofen Tetracycline Aldicarb frag Caffeine Methomyl Oxybenzone Aldicarb - NH DEET Hydrocodone Diazepam Buspirone Atrazine Androstenedione Estradiol Testosterone LLOQ are based on a signal to noise of 10 and an injection volume of 10 µl. %RSD were 1 to 3% Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

35 LLOQ from a Higher Throughput Multiple Injection Approach. Compound fg on column ppt Compound fg on column ppt carbofuran Progesterone triazophos Ethynyl estradiol linuron Chloramphenicol Acetominophen ,4-D Erythromycin Silvex Sulfamethoxazole ibuprofen Tetracycline Aldicarb frag Caffeine Methomyl Oxybenzone Aldicarb - NH DEET Hydrocodone Diazepam Buspirone Atrazine Androstenedione Estradiol Testosterone Positive ESI Negative ESI Postive APCI Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

36 Comparison - MRM vs. MRM IDA Experiments Dedicated MRM runs MRM IDA runs Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

37 Automatically Generated EPI (MS/MS) Spectra for ID / Structural Elucidation Triazophos DEET Atrazine Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

38 Automatically Generated EPI (MS/MS) Spectra for ID / Structural Elucidation Triazophos DEET Atrazine Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

39 Library Search Confirms the Presence of Atrazine Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

40 Conclusion EDCs are growing in importance in environmental monitoring Quantitative analysis of 75 EDCs by triple quadrupole Single injection with polarity switching Simultaneous quantitation and confirmation Analysis of EDCs using a Q Trap System Multiple injection with dedicated ionization modes High throughput quantitation and spectral confirmation Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

41 Legal Acknowledgements For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Applied Biosystems and TURBO V are trademarks and Applera corporation. API 4000 and DuoSpray are trademarks of Applied Biosystems/MDS Sciex, a joint venture between Applera Corporation and MDS, Inc. ANALYST, Q Trap, and LINAC are registered trademarks of Applied Biosystems/MDS Sciex, a joint venture between Applera Corporation and MDS, Inc. MDS and MDS Sciex are trademarks of MDS Inc. All other trademarks are the sole property of their respective owners Applera Corporation and MDS Inc.

42 Thank you for your time. Questions? The authors would like to thank Renee Huang for logistical support and Tania Sasaki and Matt Champion editorial support, as well as the entire Foster City demo team and applied markets division of ABI.