Thailand National GHG Inventory

Transcription

1 Thailand National GHG Inventory Overview Energy Sector IPPU Greenhouse Gas Information Center Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization)

2 Contents of presentation : Overview Background and history Why GHG Inventory is important? Institutional Framework in Thailand IPCC Sectors GHG in each sector Source of Activities Data (AD) GHG Emission in Thailand Energy Sector IPPU Sector Conclusion 2

3 History of GHG Inventory in Thailand 1 st in 1994 (Initial National Communication; INC) Thailand s Initial National Communication under the UNCFF Followed the 1996 IPCC Revised Guidelines Prepared by Office of National Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) 2 nd in 2000 (The Second National Communication; 2 nd NC) Followed guidelines below; Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2000 IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2003 Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Prepared by Office of National Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) 3

4 Why GHG inventory is important? GHG inventories are compiled for both scientific activity and policy planning. Scientific Use for modeling (ex: impact, forecast ;etc.) activities Use for future projections and setting targets for emission reduction Policy Use for planning of policy and measures and their follow-up Use for consideration of possible mitigation measures 4

5 Institutional Framework in Thailand MORE IPCC ONEP National Focal Point NC UNFCCC Min. of Energy Min. of Industrial Min. of Agriculture AD GHG Inventory Mitigation Action TGO NC: GHG Inventory Vulnerability and Adaptation Measures to Mitigate Climate Change AD Local Gov. RFD PCD MORE : Min. of Natural Resource and Environment ONEP : Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning EF : Emission Factor AD : Activities Data NC : National Communication TGO : Thailand GHG Management Organization RFD : Royal Forest Department PCD : Pollution Control Department 5

6 IPCC Sectors Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines Energy Industrial Processes Solvents & Other Product Use Agriculture Land Use Change & Forestry Waste 2006 IPCC Guidelines Energy IPPU AFOLU Waste IPPU : Industrial Processes & Product Use AFOLU: Agriculture, Forest and Other and Land Use 6

7 Greenhouse Gases related to each Sector Sector CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O HFCs Energy Fuel Combustion Fuel Combustion Fugitive emissions from fuels Fuel Combustion - Industrial Process Cement Production, etc Chemical Industry, etc Chemical Industry, etc Semiconductors, Solvent, Refrigerant, etc Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use Forest, Landuse change, Biomass Burning Intestinal Fermentation, Rice cultivation, Manure management, etc Agricultural soils, Manure management, etc - Waste Waste incineration Landfill, Wastewater treatment, Waste incineration, etc Landfill, Wastewater treatment, Waste incineration, etc - 7

8 Sources of Activity data Sector Energy Activity data (example) Energy consumption Energy supply & transformation Statistic report Thailand Energy Report Electricity Oil & Gas Others Primary Data Source Dept. of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency IPPU Amount of Industrial production Industrial production statistic report Office of Industrial Economics AFOLU Livestock production Agriculture plantation area Land use Forest area Thailand Agriculture Report Land use statistic report Forest area and forest restoration report Dept. of Livestock Development Office of Agricultural Economics Dept. of Land Development Royal Forest Dept. Waste Amount of Waste Amount of Wastewater No official report in Thailand Survey report Local Report Pollution Control Dept. Dept. of Industrial Work Local Gov. 8

9 Total Emission (Data year 2000) Total Emission (included LULUCF) = Mt CO2 eq LULUCF, -7.90, -3.4% Agriculture, 51.88, 22.6% Industrial processes, 16.39, 7.2% Waste, 9.32, 4.1% Energy, , 69.6% GHG emission in 2000 (Mt CO 2 eq, %) - by sector Include GHG emission from sources and removal from carbon sink in Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry category CH4 (Mt)Eq, 58.83, 25.7% N2O (Mt)Eq, 12.39, 5.4% Net CO2, , 68.9% GHG emission in 2000 (Mt CO 2 eq, %) - by Gas Type Reference : Thailand 2 nd NC 9

10 National Emission in Trend by Sector Total GHG Emission (Mt CO2 eq) with LULUCF / with F-gases Mt CO2 Eq Energy Industrial proc. Agriculture LULUCF Waste Total national emissions and removals Reference : Thailand 2 nd NC 10

11 ENERGY SECTOR 11

12 Contents of presentation : Energy Sector Overview of Energy Sector Emission from Energy Sector Types of GHG in Energy Sector Source Activities, Categories & GHG Types Emission of Energy Sector Issues in Energy Sector Solution 12

13 Overview of Energy Sector Carbon Sequestration Process Energy Related Activitie s Biological Activities Image Courtesy 13

14 Emission from Energy Sector Emission in energy sector is driven by combustion of fossil fuels About 70% of Thailand national emission is contributed by energy sector 65.4% of national emission is CO 2 from fossil fuel combustion in energy sector 14

15 Types of GHG in Energy Sector Combustion of the hydro-carbon in fossil fuel produce the chemical energy in the fuel as heat and release CO 2 Other GHG under Kyoto Protocol CH 4, N 2 O Other Gases CO, NMVOC, SOx, NOx 15

16 Source Activities, Categories & GHG Types Activities Categories GHG Types Conversion of primary energy to more usable energy forms 1A1 : Energy Industries CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O Use of fuels in stationary and mobile applications 1A2 : Manufacturing 1A3 : Transport 1A4, 1A5 (Others & Non-Specify) CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O Exploration and exploitation of primary energy sources 1B : Fugitive emission from Fuels CO 2, CH 4 Transmission and distribution of fuels 1B2biii4 : Natural Gas Transmission & Storage 1B2biii5 : NG Distribution CH 4 16

17 Emission of Energy Sector Emission in 2000 by 'Energy Sector' (Mt CO2 eq, %) Waste 9.3, 4.1% LULUCF, - 7.9, - 3.4% 1A1 Energy Industries, 66.4, 41.7% 1A2 Manufacturing industries & construction, 30.8, Agriculture 51.9, 22.6% Energy, % Industrial processes, 16.4, 7.2% Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = MtEq 1B2 Oil and natural gas, 4.6, 2.9% 1B1 Solid fuels 0.7, 0.4% 1A3 Transport, 44.7, 28.0% 1A4b Residential, 1A4c 5.6, 3.5% Agriculture/Forestry/F ishing, 6.7, 4.2% Reference : Thailand 2 nd NC 17

18 Issues in Energy Sector Discontinuous data collection Different definition of collected data Unclassified data in statics Duplication of the data set or data overlapping 18

19 Solution Allocate of supporting resources Budget Human Technology Capacity building to relevant agency for GHG inventory Good practice guidance for statistical data management Calculation procedure of GHG estimation 19

20 Industrial Process and Product Use (IPPU) 20

21 Contents of presentation : IPPU Overview of Industrial Processes Sector Overview of sub category Types of GHG in IPPU Sector Emission of Industrial Sector 21

22 Overview of Industrial Processes Sector Main emission sources are from industrial processes that chemically or physically transform materials. CO 2 Cement Production Process Source : 22

23 Overview of Industrial Processes Sector CO 2 Steel Production Process Source : 23

24 Types of GHG in IPPU Sector Industrial processes, produce different greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs), can be produced. 24

25 Overview of sub category Category Code and Name 2A Mineral Industry 2A1 Cement Production 2A2 Lime Production 2A4 Soda Ash Production and Use 2A6 Road Paving with Asphalt 2A7 Glass Production Definition Process-related emissions from the production of various types of cement (ISIC: D2694). Process-related emissions from the production of various types of lime (ISIC: D2694). Soda ash (sodium carbonate, Na2CO3) is a white crystalline solid that is used as a raw material in a large number of industries including glass manufacture, soap and detergents, pulp and paper production and water treatment. Emissions of CO2 from the production of soda ash vary dependent on the manufacturing process. Four different processes may be used to produce soda ash. Three of these processes, monohydrate, sodium sesquicarbonate (trona) and direct carbonation, are referred to as natural processes. The fourth, the Solvay process, is classified as a synthetic process. Process-related emissions from the production of various types of glass (ISIC: D2610). 25

26 Overview of sub category (Continue) Category Code and Name 2B Chemical Industry Definition 2B2 Nitric Acid Production Nitric acid is used as a raw material mainly in the manufacture of nitrogenous-based fertiliser. Nitric acid may also be used in the production of adipic acid and explosives (e.g., dynamite), for metal etching and in the processing of ferrous metals. The main greenhouse gas emitted from HNO3 production is nitrous oxide. 2B4 Carbide Production The production of carbide can result in emissions of CO2, CH4, CO and SO2. Silicon carbide is a significant artificial abrasive. It is produced from silica sand or quartz and petroleum coke. Calcium carbide is used in the production of acetylene, in the manufacture of cyanamide (a minor historical use), and as a reductant in electric arc steel furnaces. It is made from calcium carbonate (limestone) and carbon-containing reductant (petroleum coke). 2B5 Other Chemicals The production of other chemicals such as carbon black, styrene, polyvinylchloride, sulphuric acid, etc. can be sources of CH4, N2O, NOx, NMVOC, CO and SO2. 26

27 Overview of sub category (Continue) Category Code and Name 2C Metal Production Definition 2C1 Iron and Steel Production Carbon dioxide is the predominant gas emitted from the production of iron and steel. The sources of the carbon dioxide emissions include that from carbon-containing reducing agents such as coke and pulverized coal, and, from minerals such as limestone and dolomite added. 2D Other Production 2D1 Food and Drink NMVOCs are emitted during the production of alcoholic beverages,breadmaking and other food products. 2D2 Pulp and Paper The production of pulp and paper involves three major processing steps:pulping, bleaching and paper production. The type of pulping and the amountof bleaching used depends on the nature of the feedstock and the desired quality of the end product. There are two main processes: Kraft (sulphate) pulping, the most widely used, and Sulphite pulping. Sulphite pulping may be divided into the acid Sulphite process and the neutral sulphite semi-chemical process. 27

28 Emission of Industrial Sector Emission in 2000 by 'Industrial Processes' (MtCO2eq, %) Agriculture, % Energy, 159.4, 69.6% LULUCF, -7.9, -3.4% Waste, 9.3, 4.1% Industrial Processes, 16.4, 7.2% 2A Mineral products, 16.0, 97.9% 2B Chemical industry, 0.3, 2.0% Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = MtEq 2C Metal production, 0.01, 0.0% Reference : Thailand 2 nd NC 28

29 Issues Data Dissemination Almost activity data come from private sector that is the problem for government to force them to report the data. Discontinuous data collection Lack of detailed (local specific) data Development of study for local specific data collection and disclosure of the result. 29

30 Solutions Arrangement of relevant act or mandate Approval of relevant budget and resources for data collection or development of statistics data Capacity building of relevant sector for GHG inventory (climate change, calculation or statistics) Development of study for local specific data collection and disclosure of the result 30

31 Conclusion : Benefits of NI To track the national trend in GHG emissions and removals To understand and control /manage the emissions and removals of GHG of each sector To find key categories to prioritize the subsidies or budget to the appropriate sectors To provide necessary data for measure planning and political decisions 31

32 Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization) 120 Building B, 9th Fl. The Government Complex, Commemorating His Majesty, Chaeng Wattana Road, Laksi, Bangkok Thailand. Tel FAX info@tgo.or.th Website :