Performance Optimization Model of Hamid Rusdi Green Terminal in Malang

Transcription

1 018, TextRoad Publication ISSN: Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences Performance Optimization Model of Hamid Rusdi Green Terminal in Malang Agung Sedayu Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang Jln. Gajayana 50 Malang Jawa Timur ABSTRACT Received: January 3, 018 Accepted: April 10, 018 Hamid Rusdi Terminal is one of the road transport passenger terminal of Type B in Malang city of East Java. Since 009 this terminal operated decrease in performance. This study aims to create the model of evaluation and optimization of Hamid Rusdi green terminal performance, so that the model can be used as a reference to perform the performance improvement. The method used is multiple linear regression analysis, dynamic program, and QM with DS Win program application. The performance decrease of Hamid Rusdi green terminal is caused by low level of performance variable including Security, Safety and Health, Responsibility, Building Utility, Architectural Aesthetics,Convenience and Affordability,Transport Reliability, Durability; Frequency and Density, Comfort and Regularity,Availability and Capacity of Public Facilities, Application of Eco- Friendly Concepts. The regression model showed a very strong influence of 96% and 4% by the other variables of the model. The optimization results get the stage of performance variablesdetermination-availability of security center-free from circulatory and facilities usage accidents-availability of information and complaints services-view and direction of building-the aestheticof arrival and departure gate-the convenience of terminal location from other public facilities-waiting time-waiting area Condition-Waiting room availability- Cleanliness of inner and outer space-availability and capacity of bathroom (toilet)-service room for disable person-implementation of priority performance variables. KEYWORDS: performance, green terminal INTRODUCTION Hamid Rusdi Terminal is one of the road transport passenger terminal of Type B in Malang city of East Java. According to KM 31/1995[1] the terminal Type B has the role of an inter-city public transport node in the province and serves as a hub for public transport from Malang to Lumajang, Blitar and Surabaya. The current Terminal conditions tend to be quiet and have decreased performance since the first operational in 009.The decrease was happened in the number of passengers and public transport vehicles. This problem needs to be improved and evaluated for terminal performance continues to increase and its function becomes optimal in supporting the public transportation network in Malang and its surroundings. To solve this problem, it s needed a study that evaluates terminal performance with refered to the green terminal principles. This study aims to create models that evaluate and optimize the performance of Hamid Rusdi green terminal, so that the evaluation and optimization results can be used as a reference to make performance improvements to be optimal. The method used is multiple linear regression analysis, dynamic program, and QM with DS Win program application. Data obtained from terminal users are passengers and public transport operators, renters of commercial facilities, and surrounding communities. THE PREVIOUS RESEARCHES This research is supported by some relevant previous researches. Table 1 shows the previous researches. *Corresponding Author: Agung Sedayu, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang. Jln. Gajayana 50 Malang Jawa Timur. uinsedayu@gmail.com 16

2 Sedayu, 018 Table 1. The Previous Researches No Researcher Year Novelty Method Variable The comparison 1 Huda [] 013 Analysis and evaluation of criteria in Green Building Field measure, and Quantitative and qualitative method Appropriate Site Development, Energy Efficiency, Material Resources and Cycle Variable is developed and using survei and observation method Ervianto [3] 013 Audit implementation of Green Construction Rating Green road and Invest Environment and Water, Access and Equity, Construction Activities, and Materials Variable and Literature review will be developed 3 Abad [4] 013 Improved terminal to serve Mapping survey and capacity Waiting area, Departure/arrival, Capacity Variable is developed and related transport calculation 4 Bovea [5] 014 Integrationin product design Green Quality Function Deployment and Life Cycle Tool and material, Employee skills, Working place condition, Environment Method of GQFD dan LCA will be used Assess 5 Adewumi [6] 014 Integrated Assesment of BRT Physical assessment and Critical review Reliability, Velocity, and Facility Variable will be referedand adapted 6 Rathod [7] 014 Application of ECQFD Environment Conscious Quality Function Deployment Environment, Product Design,User requirements, and Product cycle Variable will be referedand adapted 7 Sedayu [8] 014a The determination of terminal service targets 8 Sedayu [9] 014b User satisfaction and importance analysis 9 Komalasari [10] 014 Green Building Assesment based 10 Sugiama [11] 015 Service quality modeling in green open space Quality Function Deployment Location, Facilities availability, Aesthetics, Durability, and Reliability Importance Performance Analysis Assurance, Performance, Aesthetic, Reliability,Durability, Comfort, Facilities availability Modeling with software and Energy Efficiency, Lighting, Ventilation, and Direct measuring Climate, transportation, air condition Quality Function Deployment and Preservation, Ability, Management, preservation, focus Group Discussion and Environment aesthetic Variable is developed and related and use GQFD Variable is developed and related.to continue research Variable is developed and related and develope research step Develope research method and variables to be used 17

3 Sedayu, 018 METHODS 1. Research Instruments Arrangement The research instrument is used to collect the data for research analysis. The research instrument was compiled from the previous research in Table 1.The determination of this research sample is sought by the Bernoulli Za p.q equation: 1,96.0,95.0,05 N,so that becomen N 7,9973,Where, N=number e (0,05) of minimum sample; Z=value of normal distribution value;e=level of error; p=proportion of questionnaires that are assumed true; q=proportion of questionnaire that are assumed false. Value is assumed true equal to 95%, and then questionnaires that are assumed wrong equal to 5%.To avoid lacking of data because of mistake of filling or the questionnaires are not return, the number of respondents to be usedby100 persons.. Validity and Reliability Test The instrument to be distributed to 30 respondentsfor test. Beside that, to know validity should use validity test. Validity test is used to know the validity of questioner to 30 respondents[1]. This correlation test use product moment from Pearson equation: NXY ( X)( Y) r Where, xy N X ( X) N Y ( Y) r xy=correlation coeficient for all items;x=respondents score for each item;y=score total for each respondents in all items; ΣX =Number of score in distribution X;ΣY=Number of score in distribution Y; ΣX =Number of square of each score X;ΣY = Number of square of each score Y;N=Number of subjects. In this research, an instrument is difined has strong correlation if the value more bigger than 0,6 [1]. Reliability test aim to know that data collector can show the level of accuracy, stability, and consistency in define phenomena in different time. To examine the internal consistency by using consistency coefficient (Alpha Cronbach). Alpha Cronbach k 1 eaquationas follows: b r1 Where, r 1 = Instrument consistency;k = Number of question k1. t item; Σσb = Number ofvariance;σb = Total variance. The instrument will be reliable if the consistency coefficient has value above 0,60 [1]. The both test include validity and reliability test by using SPSS 0. The data collect use questionnaire with the measurement scale as in Table. Table. Measurement scale in research instrument Variable User Importance (TK) User Satisafaction (KP) Measurement scale 1 = Not important = Less important 3 = Quite important 4 = Important 5 = Very important 1 = Not satisfactory = Less satisfactory 3 = Quite satisfactory 4 = Satisfactory 5 = Very satisfactory 3.Multiple Linear Regression Analysis The multiplelinearregression was used to determine the influences of research variables of the performance of Hamid Rusdi green terminal. Multiple linear regression requires a requirement test called Classical Assumption Test that includes Normality, Linearity, Multicolinearity Autocorrelation, Heteroscedasticity, and Partial Influence [13]. This study consists of 1 independent variables and one dependent variable. Figure 1is the relationship of 1 independent variables to one dependent variable. Figure1. The relationship between performance variables of Green Terminal 18

4 Multiple Regression Models with this equation:y = a1x1 + ax +...+anxn + e, Where:Y=Dependent variable;a 0 = Intercept;a 1, a, a 3=Independent coefficient; X 1= Independentvariable 1;X = Independentvariable ; X n= Independentvariable n 4.Optimization with Dynamic Program and QM Dynamic Programming is a technique to solve problems involving a set of interconnected decisions in order to achieve overall activity [14]. Some terms used in the problem solving of dynamic program are Stage, States, Decision, Return Function, and Recursions f i*(s i)=min{d(s i,d i)+f i+1*(d i)}.the model of dynamic program and Quantitative Method (QM) are shown in Figure. QM process by using DS Win program. Figure. Network model in dynamic program and QM RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. Determination of Voice of User The determination for voice of user containing performance variables are shown in Table3 and 4. These results with mean KP=3,59 dan TK=3,7 Table 3. Independent variable of green terminal performance of Hamid Rusdi Malang No Performance Variable KP TK Goal Gap A Priority determination of performance variables B Security (X1) 1 Availability of security center Free from crime (criminal) Free from illegal person Availability of safety locker Security control with watchtower and CCTV C Safety and Health (X) 6 Free from traffic accidents by vehicle Free from circulatory and facilities usage accidents Availability of health service posts Free from hazardous materials/tools Availability of disaster management facilities D Responsibility (X3) 11 Officers have quickly respond to all problems Officers was polite,friendly,and well-groomed at work Officers have good skills and abilities Availability of information and complaints services Availability of officers in the terminal area E Building Utilities (X4) 16 Functioning of natural lighting (sunlight source) Functioning of artificial lighting (lamp illumination) Functioning of natural air circulation Functioning of artificial air circulation View and direction of building Availability and capacity of waste facilities F Architectural Aesthetics(X5) The aesthetics of facade, elements, and building design The aesthetics of the waiting room The aesthetics of corridors for circulation The aesthetic of arrival and departure gate The aesthetics of park, landscape, and vegetation G Convenience and Affordability(X6) 7 The convenience of terminal location Ease and clarityof circulation and spatial organization Easy to get tickets with affordable price Prices of food, drinks, and goods are affordable Ease of getting genleeral information There are no additional charges (illegal charges) Distinction of pedestrian & vehicle circulation paths Special circulation fordisabled person

5 35 Integration with surrounding environment (corridors) Availability of telecommunication and internet Availability of ramp, travelator, escalator and elevator H Transport Reliability(X7) 38 On time arrival and departure Transport waiting time Ticket procurement service Availability of required transport mode Clarity in the selection of travel destinations Availability of freight signage Availability of information boards and travel schedule Clarity of travel fares information Availability of airport shuttlebus Availability of train station shuttle bus Availability of integrated transport subterminal Availability of travel agent counter I Durability (X8) 50 Officer building condition Condition of departure building for public transport Condition of public transport arrival area Waiting area condition Condition of supporting building (prayer, etc) J Frequency and Density (X9) 55 Queue of passengers in ticketing Visitor density inside and outside the terminal No traffic jam occurs in vehicle circulation Availability and capacity of parking place Availability of waiting room K Comfort and Regularity (X10) 60 Free from cigarette smoke, vehicle pollution, and odor Free from noise, glare, and unfavorable views Cleanliness of indoor and outdoor space No ticket brokers Regularity of road order and vehicle parking The regularity of commercial facilities Comfort of waiting area Regularity of transport queue at arrival/departure area Convenience from traveling salesman Convenience from street musicians (singers) L Availability and Capacity of Public Facilities (X11) 70 Availability and capacity of kiosks and retail Availability and capacityof lodging facilities Availability of canteens, restaurants and food store Availability and capacity of bathroom (toilet) Availability and capacity of places for prayer Availabilityof television Availability of bank Availability ofatm center Availability ofmoney changer facilities Availability of entertainment and music facilities Availability of malls and supermarkets Availability of rental office Availability of sports facilities Availability of playground facilities Availability of goods delivery service (package) Availability of exhibition and exhibition space M Application of Eco-Friendly Concepts (X1) 86 Parking vehicle with electronic card (barcode system) Alternative energy from solar cell Alternative energy from wind source Vehiclesfuel with alternative energy:lpg,organic,etc Building use environmentallyfriendly materials Building materials is environmentally friendly Outdoor space use environmentally friendly materials Drainage system and environmental utilities Flood reservoir pool (retention pool) Wheelchair service for elderly, disabled, & sick people Special room service for disable person There is no negative area either inside or outside space Parking is available for alternative transport Payment of public transport by e-ticket N Implementation of priority performance variables

6 Table 4. Dependent variablesofgreen TerminalPerformance of Hamid Rusdi Malang(Y) No Dependent Variables KP 1 Security guarantees and free from crime (criminal) 3.7 Assurance of safety, health, and free from accident The responsiveness of officer in working and providing services Functioning of all main and support facilities Aesthetic architectural in inside and outside space of the building Ease and affordability of prices, cost, circulation, and information Reliability of transport services, tickets, fares, and travel information Durability in performance and visual of buildings Frequency and density of people and vehicles Convenience of any interference, guaranteed cleanliness, and regularity Availability, completeness, condition, and capacity of public facilities Eco-friendly implementation Analysis Resultof Multiple Linear Regression Theanalysis result of multiple linear regression is shown in Table 5. This result also obtained equation of regression model. This analysis uses SPSS 0 software. Table 5. Analysis Result of Multiple Linear Regression Variables Unstand. t-account t-table Information (constant) (dk = 50 andalpha (α) = 5%) X t count> t table X t count> t table X t count> t table X t count> t table X t count> t table X t count> t table X t count> t table X t count> t table X t count> t table X t count> t table X t count> t table X t count> t table R R Square = 0.98 = Number of data (respondent) = 10 - Dependent variable (Y) The analysis result get the influence of 1 performance variables which represented by value of R Square = 0,96, meaning variation of green terminal performance of Hamid Rusdi can be explained by regression equation of 96% while 4% is explained by other variable outside of equation model. R equal to 0,98 means the effect of 1 performance variables is very strong. From the analysis process can be made regression model as follows: Y=3,8+10,1X1+4,X+,1X3+3,0X4+,35X5+7,57X6+6,84X7+3,15X8+1,77X9+1,95X10+4,04X11+6,1 4X1 Where, Y = green terminal performance. This model is aim to predict and calculate green terminal performance that can be used to improve terminal for the future time. From that model, the all constant parameters arae positive can be conclude if all variables have strong influences to variabel of green terminal performance. The all constant hasl positive value are derivied from unstandardized value of the analysis result of multiple linear regression. The calculation results for normality test obtained Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Z has shown for each variable has Asymp value. Sig. tailed>0,05 (the alpha level), meaning the data is from a normally distributed population. The result of linearity test shows that the significance value> 0,05 for 1 variables so that the regression line model is linear. The result of Multicollinearity test shows that the significance value is greater than alpha level of 0,05, thus it can be concluded that among independent variables does not occur multicollinearity. The analysis results for Autocorrelation test obtained Durbin-Watson value of 1,998. This value is said to be close to value two, so it can be concluded there is no autocorrelation between observation data. The calculation results for 1 variables obtained significance value greater than the alpha level(0,05), hence there is no heteroscedasticity. The result of partial influence test shows that 1 variables have a very strong influence where the result of t-count> t-table. 1

7 3.Optimization Results with Dynamic Programming and QM Terminal performance optimization conducted by using Dynamic Programming and Quantitative Method (QM). Table 3 describes the performance variables with mean value of KP=3,59 and TK=3,7, then the priority variables to be increased where the mean value of KP<3,59 and the mean value of TK>3,7 are variable number: 1; 4; 7; 10; 14; 15; 17; 0; 5; 6; 7; 8; 38; 39; 41; 4; 46; 47; 48; 53; 54; 58; 59; 6; 64; 66; 73; 83; 87; 88; 93; 95; 96. The optimization results of green terminal performance with dynamic programming at this stage is functioned with, n = 13, f 13(S) = J n-1 + f 1(x) and g 13(S) = J n-1+ g 1(x). The minimum stage at this stage is f 13(A)={J AB+f 1(B)}=0 + 1,9= 1,9, K 13(A)=go to B1. State A is priority determination of performance variables. The optimization result in each stage in the prioritized phase sequence is A-B1-C7-D14-E0-F5- G7-H39-I53-J59-K6-L73-M96-N with the minimum cumulative Gap value of all stages is 1,9.The other method to optimize many stages of performance improvement priority by using Quantitative Method (QM) with DS Win software. Figure 3 and 4 show the optimization process with DS Win. The optimization results indicate that the priority step sequence has similar with result or dynamic programming. The sequence of stages is Performance variables determination-availability of security center-free from circulatory and facilities usage accidents-availability of information and complaints services-view and direction of building-the aesthetic of arrival and departure gate-the convenience of terminal location from other public facilities- Waiting time-waiting area Condition-Waiting room availability-cleanliness of inner and outer space- Availability and capacity of bathroom (toilet)-service room for disable person-implementation of priority performance variables. Figure 3. Gap value entry in network tool Figure 4. Solver result in DS Win CONCLUSION The decrease of terminal performance of Hamid Rusdi Malang according to green terminal principles caused by low level of performance variable include Security (X 1), Safety and Health (X ), Responsibility (X 3), Building Utility (X 4), Architectural Esthetics (X 5), Convenience and Affordability (X 6); Transport Reliability (X 7); Durability (X 8); Frequency and Density (X 9); Comfort and Regularity (X 10); Availability and Capacity of Public Facilities (X 11); Implementation of Environmentally Friendly Concepts (X 1). From the analysis process can be made regression model as follows, Y= X 1+4.X +.1X 3+3.0X 4+.35X X X X X X X X 1. This equation shows a very strong influence of 96% while the remaining 4% by other variables outside of the equation. According to the optimization results obtained the sequence of stages is Performance variables determination-availability of security center-free from circulatory and facilities usage accidents-availability of information and complaints services-view and direction of building-the aesthetic of arrival and departure gate-the convenience of terminal location from other public facilities-waiting time-waiting area Condition- Waiting room availability-cleanliness of inner and outer space-availability and capacity of bathroom (toilet)- Service roomfor disable person-implementation of priority performance variables.

8 REFERENCES 1. Anonymous The Transportation Minister Decree No. 31 Year 1995 (KM 31/1995) about Road Transport Terminal. Jakarta: Ministry of Transportation.. Huda, Miftahul.013. Analysis of Important Factors Evaluation Criteria for Green Building. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES) Volume Issue 1 Pages ISSN (e): ISSN (p): Ervianto, Wulfram Study of Road Infrastructure Green Concstruction Factor based on Greenroadand Invest rating System. The Proceeding of Konferensi NationalConference of Civil Engineering 7. Universityof Sebelas Maret (UNS) Surakarta 4. Abad, Raymund Paolo.013. Improved Transport Terminal Utilization: The Case of Jordan Wharf Guimaras. Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies-Vol.9.Civil Engineering Department, De La SalleUniversity,Manila,1004,Philippines. 5. Bovea, M.D Integration of Customer, Cost, and Environmental Requirements in Product Design: An Application of Green QFD. Journal of Technology. Departamento de Tecnología, Universitat Jaume I Spain. 6. Adewumi, Emmanuel Critical assessment of Port Elizabeth Bus Rapid Transit system. Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering Volume -Issue 1 (014) pp: ISSN: Rathod, Gopinath Application of ECQFD For Enabling Environmentally Conscious Design. The Proceeding of International Conference on Engineering Research, Dehradun. ISBN: Sedayu, Agung. 014a. Service Improvement Target of Purwoasri Terminal Kediri With IPAand QFD.Eco RekayasaJournal ISSN 1907:406. University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta (UMS). 9. Sedayu, Agung. 014b. Importance-Performance Analysis to Arjosari Terminal. DIMENSI Journal of Architecture and Built Environment, Vol.41, No., December 014 ISSN X (print)/issn (online).surabaya: Petra Christian University. 10. Komalasari, Rahayu Indah Green Building Assessment Based on Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EEC) Category at Pascasarjana B Building Diponegoro University-Semarang. American Journal of Energy Research, 014, Vol., No., Sugiama, AGima The Synergistic Model of Quality Service Design of Green Open Space Asset Through QFD. Final Report of Research Politeknik Negeri Bandung. 1. Sugiyono, 009. Statistic for Research. Bandung: Alfabeta press 13. Sudarmanto, R, Gunawan Multiple Linear Regression Analysis with SPSS. Yogyakarta: GrahaIlmu. 14. Sedayu, Agung Dynamic Programming Application in Floor Flat Construction Method. Journal of Cauchy (ISSN ) State Islamic University of Maliki Malang. 3