Monitoring and Modelling techniques for Marine Renewable Energy

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1 Monitoring and Modelling techniques for Marine Renewable Energy Joe McGovern MIEI B.Eng. NUI Galway Final Project Workshop Thurso, Caithness 23 September 2015

2 Agenda Modelling: current research in Marine Renewable Energy at NUI Galway Monitoring: CODAR radars along the west coast Data available Benefits/uses of monitoring data so far Future developments test sites for MRE and deployments timing and details Overview of website SmartBay Ireland

3 Darren Coppinger: Research Aims and Objectives Develop 2D and 3D numerical models which can simulate energy extraction via tidal turbines Develop a Nested 3D Model to achieve turbine-scale spatial resolutions Reproduce scaled laboratory experiments to validate model

4 Darren Coppinger: Area of Research Research has previously been conducted on the hydrodynamic and environmental effects artificial energy extraction via tidal turbines. For example: 1D: Polagye D: Ahmadian et al Very little 3D modelling of energy extraction No 3D nested modelling of energy extraction

5 Darren Coppinger: Experimental Flume Domain

6 Darren Coppinger: Velocity Deficit Velocity _ Deficit U 1 U EXT 0 U EXT = the measured velocity at a specific location within the domain that includes turbine extraction U 0 = the measured velocity at a specific location within the domain that does not include turbine extraction

7 Darren Coppinger: Depth Profiles

8 Brian Mannion: Research Aims

9 Brian Mannion: Research Objectives To analyse test results of scale model devices. In particular to characterise device performance e.g. C p, Torque, Drag etc. To develop a stream-tube model of a Vertical Axis Tidal Turbine Determine optimum blade pitch angles. To develop a CFD model of the tidal energy device. To validate the numerical models developed using test data. To use the validated numerical models to examine how the device performance can be optimised.

10 Brian Mannion: Measured LDV Characterisation Flow characterised for ambient speed, V = 0.8 m/s U %U/V D/2 x IFREMAR NUIG Tidal Basin x/d 10

11 Brian Mannion: Turbine Performance Results Mechanic power output measured for water velocity range of m/s Flap introduced to direct flow onto turbine blades η max = 35%, without flap η max = 40%, with flap Power out (W) Cp C p = Tω 1 2 ρav3 Shaft RPM λ λ = ωr V 11

12 Tidal Energy Resource Assessment: Lilia M. Flores Mateos General objective Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Reference Experiment Introduce the Open channel theory Introduce the shock capturing capability Tidal basin test

General objective Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Reference Experiment Introduce the Open channel theory Introduce

13 REFERENCE EXPERIMENT DIVAST: Depth Integrated Velocities and Solute Transport The model considers that the axial thrust induced by the turbine is an external force in the momentum equation after Fallon, (2012). General objective Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Reference Experiment Introduce the Open channel theory Introduce the shock capturing capability Tidal basin test Depth profile along the channel at high tide. **WLBD- Water level boundary condition

INTRODUCTION OF THE OPEN CHANNEL THEORY Phase 1 Reference Experiment Phase 2 General objective Introduce the Open channel theory Phase 3 Introduce the shock capturing capability Phase 4 Tidal basin

14 INTRODUCTION OF THE OPEN CHANNEL THEORY Phase 1 Reference Experiment Phase 2 General objective Introduce the Open channel theory Phase 3 Introduce the shock capturing capability Phase 4 Tidal basin test Transversal scheme of the tidal power extraction in an Open Channel (Houlsby et al, 2008) Main local field parameters: BETA4 (bypass coefficient), ALFA4 (wake coefficient) and water drop. Upstream and downstream cell election, blue asterisk, at flood tide regime. After applying a specific criteria. Upstream Froude number Power extraction Thrust coefficient Power coefficient BETA4 (quartic polynomial) Blockage ratio Upstream Velocity (VU) ALFA4 = VD/VU Downstream Velocity (VD)

15 INTRODUCE THE SHOCK CAPTURING CAPABILITY General objective Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Reference Experiment Introduce the Open channel theory Introduce the shock capturing capability Tidal basin test Depth and velocity profile along the channel at high tide.

18 Turbulence Modelling Model V s Tidal Basin MID FLOOD MID FLOOD U mm/s width B - mm U mm/s width B - mm

19 CODAR Provides real time measurements of surface currents and waves (heights, periods and directions) Monitoring of most of the west coast south of Galway and up to 70 km offshore, including: Inner Galway Bay Coastal Waters West of Clare Benefits and uses: Quantifying the available tidal/wave resource Validating/improving numerical models Managing tidal/wave energy devices

21 SPIDDLE PIER

22 SPIDDLE PIER

23 SPIDDLE PIER WiiMax

25 ESB International - WestWave CODAR data is utilized by ESBI in the selection and optimisation of MRE deployment at Doonbeg Co. Clare Was backed by Irish Dept. Communications, Energy and Natural Resources Subsequently funded by E.C. NER300 initiative ( 23m) Capacity of 5MW (5 x 1MW) Wave Energy Converters power for 3 nearby towns 2018 power generation Collaborative project involving: Irish firms Wavebob & Ocean Energy and Scottish firms Aquamarine Power & Pelamis Wave Power

26 SmartBay Ireland NFP company established by Marine Institute and NUI Galway, NUI Maynooth, DCU, UCD, Intel and IBM Purpose to manage test and demonstration facility in Galway Bay Funded by the Irish Higher Education Authority Supported by the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland: Promotion of the facilities and supports for MRE developers Support to MRE developers through provision of high resolution data for the test site

27 SmartBay Ireland Supports the testing and validation of sensors and equipment for MRE Surface platforms and a sub-sea cabled observatory for the demonstration and validation of new technologies and solutions Facilities and Supports include: Fully licenced ¼ scale test site for ocean energy converters Site located 1.5km offshore with water depths ranging from 20m 23m Access to a floating sea laboratory facility Comprehensive time-series of weather, wave and current data for the site GIS data including bathymetry, seabed and sub-bottom

29 Thank you for your time Contact details: PI:

Marine Current Turbine Modelization

Marine Current Turbine Modelization Grégory GERMAIN & al. ggermain@ifremer.fr IFREMER Marine Structures Laboratory 1 1/31 Marine Current Turbine Modelization Why do we need to develop tools for turbines