Lighting. Jaakko Ketomäki, Professor of Practice

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1 Lighting Jaakko Ketomäki, Professor of Practice

2 Content Basic quantities Lighting desing Mesopic lighting Human centric lighting

3 What make out style of living possible? Lighting Elevators Traffic system

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7 EC Asia-Link ENLIGHTEN Educational and research networking between Europe and Nepal - collaboration in lighting and energy technology TKK Lighting Unit Finland, Co-ordinator Kathmandu University, Nepal Vilnius University, Lithuania Project themes: LEDs, energy and horticultural lighting

8 LED Lighting in Nepal A schoolboy from remote village reading in White LED lamp light

9 Basic quantities

10 Luminous flux Light output Unit lumen [lm] Examples: - lamp of a bicycle 10 lm - incandescent lamp (60 W) 600 lm - retrovit LED-lamp 810 vlm - fluorescent lamp (36 W) d e( ) V Km V( ) d d

11 Spectral sensitivity Wavelength [nm]

12 Illuminance (lx) The density of the luminous flux falling on a surface. Unit: lumen per square meter [lm/m2] = lux [lx] For Example: - illuminated highway 20 lx - office table 500 lx - bright day lx

13 Luminance (cd/m 2 )

14 Colour rendering

15 Colour rendering Ra index Colour rendering compared to incandescent lamp

16 Colour rendering Ra index R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 Test Colors

17 Glare Obstruction to vision too much light luminance range too large Discomfort glare Annoyance caused by high luminance in the field of view Disability glare Impairs the vision due to light scattered within the eye that decreases contrast and reduces visibility UGR

18 Lighting design

19 Lighting desing Engineers Technical lighting desing Artists Challenching lighting desing Lighting Unit / Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation

20 Lighting design is needed In architecturally challenging spaces like atriums, auditoriums, showrooms, building facades In spaces with special user requirements (hotels, cultural buildings, artworks, hospitals) For architecturally and historically significant places (such as central squares, churches, bridges etc.) For lighting concepts plans as regards to commercial, interactive or artistic interest Lighting Unit / Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation 20

21 Lighting design Proper lighting - enables visibility - facilitates visual comfort - does not annoy the eyes - does not cause discomfort in vision - looks nice Improper lighting - makes visibility difficult - causes discomfort in vision (e.g. flicker, discomfort glare) - is ugly Lighting Unit / Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation 21

22 Illuminance Which factors effect to the illuminance in the space? E = N η Φ A E = illuminance (lx) N = number of luminaires = efficiency = luminous flux of one luminaire (lm) Lighting Unit / Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation

23 Light to the space Lighting Unit / Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation 23

24 Light to task Lighting Unit / Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation 24

25 Retail lighting Lighting Unit / Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation 25

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27 Powerstation of Naistenlahti

28 Valopeli light art

29 Energy efficiency Lighting should be designed to meet the lighting requirements of a particular task or space in an energy efficient manner. The lighting energy numeric indicator (LENI) represents the energy performance of lighting of buildings (EN 15193). Light levels set in the European Standard (EN are minimum average illuminance values and need to be maintained! 100 % energy savings Energy savings can be made by: responding to occupancy patterns making full use of controls improving maintenance harvesting daylight Lighting Unit / Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation

30 Changes in lighting desing Lighting is not static, ON/OFF system Dynamic lighting Individual lighting Human centric lightig Mesopic lighting

31 Mesopic vision

32 Structure of the eye Sädekehä Kammiovesi Mykiö eli linssi Värikalvo Sarveiskalvo Sädelihas Sidekalvo Kovakalvo Suonikalvo Verkkokalvo Lasiainen Fovea Näköhermo

33 Retina Suhteelinen herkkyys 1 0,5 S sauvat M L Aallonpituus (nm)

34 Mesopic vision Photopic Several cd/m2 Outdoor, office Scotopic Below cd/m2 Starlight Mesopic Between Streetlighting Moonlight Wavelength [nm]

35 Measurements

36 Contrast threshold measurement Vaihe IV Valkoinen ja värillinen tausta 10 o epäkeskeisyys Static stimulus Vaihe IV Valkoinen ja värillinen tausta 10 o epäkeskeisyys Moving stimulus Kynnyskontrasti White background 100 Kynnyskontrasti White background 100 Coloured background 1 Coloured background Fotoopinen taustaluminanssi, L B [cd/m 2 ] Fotoopinen taustaluminanssi, L B [cd/m 2 ] 36

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38 9/14/

39 Applikcation: Road lighhting 9/14/

40 Human Centric Lighting

41 Smart lighting human centric lighting Visual Amount of light Glare Other visibility congisions Emotional More than light Feeling of the light Bilogical effects Variable spectrum Falling to sellep & waking up Activity level

42 Smart lighting human centric lighting Visual Amount of light Glare Other visibility congisions Emotional More than light Feeling of the light Bilogical effects Variable spectrum Falling to sellep & waking up Activity level

43 iprgc Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

44 Circardian rhythym

45 Cost of lighting Brill, M, Weldemann, S, Bosti Associates.

46 Individual indoor conditions Individuality Lighting conditions Thermal conditons Services How to recognise personal needs? How to use technology to serve users?

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