LIGHTING Common terminology 2. Sources & luminaires 3. Controls SECTION 3

Transcription

1 LIGHTING Common terminology 2. Sources & luminaires 3. Controls SECTION 3

2 DISCUSSION: COMMON LIGHTING TERMINOLOGY 1. What are the definitions of the following lighting terms? 2. Do you use these terms in professional practice? 3. What other lighting terminology do you use on the job? LUMINOUS FLUX EFFICACY FLUX ILLUMINANCE CCT FOOTCANDLE EFFICIENCY LUMINOUS INTENSITY CRI 10/31/2014 SLIDE 36

3 CRITICAL TERMINOLOGY Luminous flux: rate of flow of visible light emitted from a light source over time, measured in lumens (lm). Lux: equal to one lumen per square meter. Luminous flux is analogous to the flow rate of water as measured in gallons per hour. Footcandle: equal to one lumen per square foot (1 footcandle = 10 lux). Illuminance: the amount of luminous flux that covers a surface (measured in lux or footcandles). 10/31/2014 SLIDE 37

4 CRITICAL TERMINOLOGY 10/31/2014 SLIDE 38

5 CRITICAL TERMINOLOGY Luminous Intensity: the concentration of light emitted from a given source in a particular direction, measured in candela (cd) (1 cd = 1 lm per steradian). *Note: color represents intensity not CCT or CRI 10/31/2014 SLIDE 39

6 Output EFFICIENCY AND EFFICACY Efficiency: the ratio between the useful output of energy and the input of energy. Luminous Efficacy compares the amount of light produced by a lamp (lumens), to amount of power consumed to produce it (watts). A high-efficacy luminaire provides a large amount of light using little power. Light Produced (lm) Power consumed (W) Input 10/31/2014 SLIDE 40

7 EFFICACY, EFFICIENCY AND ENERGY USE Efficacy describes the ratio of total light output (lumens) per unit of electrical power input (watt). Energy use describes power consumption over time (kilowatt-hours). Lighting controls reduce energy use by shortening the time that sources operate at full power. Efficacy : miles/gallon (energy out/energy in) Efficiency : maximizing mpg and minimizing time on the road 10/31/2014 SLIDE 41

8 CCT Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) A specification of the color appearance of light emitted by a lamp, relating its color to the color of light from a source when heated to a particular temperature. CCT rating for a lamp is a general warmth or coolness measure of its appearance. 10/31/2014 SLIDE 42

9 WARM COOL CCT EXAMPLES Photo: Cree Photo: Soraa Photo: Cree Photo: Soraa Photo: Acuity Brands 10/31/2014 SLIDE 43

10 DYNAMIC SPD LUMINAIRES 12000K, 65fc average 6000K, 100fc average 3500K, 50fc average 2900K, 50fc average 10/31/2014 SLIDE 44

11 80 CRI 95 CRI CRI Color Rendering Index (CRI) Measures the ability of a light source to reproduce the colors of various objects compared with an ideal light source. Photo: Soraa 10/31/2014 SLIDE 45

12 CRI Color Rendering Index (CRI) Color rendering is defined as the effect of an illuminant on the color appearance of objects by conscious or subconscious comparison with their color appearance under a reference illuminant (CIE ) It is the only color rendering metric with widespread acceptance It is calculated by comparing the color appearance of the test source to a reference source for 8 reflective samples (scored from 1 100) CRI = 62 CRI = 93 CRI = 80 CRI = 92 10/31/2014 SLIDE 46

13 LIGHTING FACTS LABEL 10/31/2014 SLIDE 47

14 CA QUALITY STANDARD The California Energy Commission adopted a voluntary lighting quality specification for LED replacement lamps. The new standard requires LED lamps to meet certain performance criteria in order to qualify for incentive programs and rebates. These criteria include: CRI > 90 4-step MacAdam Ellipse CCT 2700K or 3000K Dimming Flicker reduction R9 > 50 5 year warranty The specification was developed in collaboration with the CPUC. The CPUC will direct the IOUs to ensure their 2014 energy efficiency portfolios only provide rebates for screw-based LED products that meet the quality specification. Energy Star Applies To CFLs + LEDs LEDs Only CA Standard Test Criteria See documentation Same as Energy Star Luminous Efficacy Omnidirectional <10: 55 lm/w None Omnidirectional >10: 60 lm/w None Directional <10: 40 lm/w None Directional >10: 45 lm/w None Decorative <10: 45 lm/w None Decorative >10: 50 lm/w None Lumen Maintenance 80% of output at 40% of life None >25,000 hour rated life >91.5% of output None Elevated Temperatures >90% of lumens None Center Beam Intensity See documentation Same as Energy Star CCT 7-step M.E. of: 2700K, 3000K, 3500K, 4000K, 4100K, 5000K Color Consistency None None CRI >80 >90 R9 >0 >50 4-step M.E. of: 2700K or 3000K Color Maintenance on CIE 1976; 0 6,000hrs Same as Energy Star Rapid Cycle Testing 5 on/5 off, 15,000 cycles None Transient Protection 7 strikes of 100 khz ring wave None Lamp Toxics See documentation None Thermal Requirements Operate at < 0 deg. F None Color Uniformity See documentation Same as Energy Star Dimmability % continuous Same as Energy Star Flicker Flicker index <0.15 at 100Hz None Noise <24 dba None Rated Life Residential >25,000 hrs Same as Energy Star Commercial >35,000 hrs Same as Energy Star Decorative >15,000 hrs Same as Energy Star Power Factor All >0.7 All > 0.9 Lamp Labeling Manufacturer, model number, CCT, wattage, lumen output Same as Energy Star Lamp Packaging See documentation Same as Energy Star Warranty 1 year 5 years 10/31/2014 SLIDE 48

15 DISCUSSION: CCT & CRI Balancing quality and efficacy 1. What are your preferred CCTs? Home Dining out Work Shopping Photo Credit: Cree Photo: Eaton s Cooper Lighting Business 10/31/2014 SLIDE 49

16 DISCUSSION: CCT & CRI 1. What could be the impacts of CRI or CCT in an office lighting design? 2. What could be the impacts of CRI or CCT in a retail lighting design? 3. What factors are there to consider for these applications to balance energy use and occupant needs? Photo: Friendly Light 10/31/2014 SLIDE 50

17 BREAK 5 minute beverage refill and stretch SECTION 3

18 TWO MAIN STRATEGIES FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING Efficacious luminaires Lighting fixtures that are designed and built to operate only energy-efficient light sources, such as fluorescent T8 lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), LEDs and high intensity discharge (HID) lamps. Controls Occupancy sensors, vacancy sensors, motion sensors, and daylight sensors are all devices that automatically turn lights off (or dim them) in response to conditions that they sense or see. 10/31/2014 SLIDE 52

19 SOURCES & LUMINIARES Efficacious luminaires Lighting fixtures that are designed and built to operate only energy-efficient light sources, such as fluorescent T8 lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), LEDs and high intensity discharge (HID) lamps. Photo: Cree 10/31/2014 SLIDE 53

20 LED Chip: Determines raw brightness and efficacy Lens Phosphor system: Determines color point and color point stability Package / Lens: Protects the chip and phosphor Helps with light and heat extraction Primary in determining LED lifetime LED Chip Phosphor 10/31/2014 SLIDE 54

21 Reflector LEDS ARE A DIRECTIONAL SOURCE LED Light is directional and the thermal path is accomplished by conduction (No IR, no UV in the light beam) 10/31/2014 SLIDE 55

22 SOLID STATE LIGHTING: ANATOMY OF A LUMINAIRE Heat sink Driver LED array Photo: Cree Optical components 10/31/2014 SLIDE 56

23 LED LUMINAIRES Photo: Philips Photo Credit: Philips 10/31/2014 SLIDE 57

24 CONTROLS Individual controls Individual controls that are connected only to the luminaires they control can satisfy T-24 requirements. Luminaire integrated controls Fluorescent and LED-based luminaires can be controlled with on-board sensors that are either integrated into a larger system or function alone. Networked Lighting The lighting industry has seen a significant increase in systems on the market to control groups of luminaires. 10/31/2014 SLIDE 58

25 INDIVIDUAL CONTROLS 10/31/2014 SLIDE 59

26 INDIVIDUAL CONTROLS Photo: Lutron 10/31/2014 SLIDE 60

27 INDIVIDUAL CONTROLS SEC. 3 TECHNOLOGY 10/31/2014 SLIDE 61

28 LUMINAIRES WITH INTEGRATED CONTROLS 10/31/2014 SLIDE 62

29 LUMINAIRE WITH INTEGRATED CONTROLS 10/31/2014 SLIDE 63

30 LUMINAIRE WITH INTEGRATED CONTROLS 10/31/2014 SLIDE 64

31 EXTERIOR LUMINAIRES 10/31/2014 SLIDE 65

32 SYSTEMS 10/31/2014 SLIDE 66

33 SYSTEMS SEC. 3 TECHNOLOGY 10/31/2014 SLIDE 67

34 CRITICAL TERMINOLOGY SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY SEC. 3

35 SYSTEMS UC Davis, April 24, 2012: Preliminary data gathered from the pathway leading to the University s Aggie Stadium reports an average energy savings of 60% as compared to a static installation of the same fixture. 10/31/2014 SLIDE 69

36 SECTION 3

37 CRITICAL TERMINOLOGY 10/31/2014 SLIDE 71

38 Photo Credit: Walmart Photo: Wlamart SECTION 3