WATER AND ENERGY RECOVERY FROM GREYWATER

Transcription

1 WATER AND ENERGY RECOVERY FROM GREYWATER Case Study HafenCity in Hamburg Dr. Franziska Meinzinger, Dr. Zhiqiang Li (HAMBURG WASSER) Erwin Nolde (Nolde & Partner) Jürgen Rux (HafenCity GmbH) Presentation at EWA 17th International Symposium, 7 May 2014

2 2 AGENDA 1. Aim of the study 2. Case study Baakenhafen in HafenCity, Hamburg 3. Greywater quantities and qualities water balances 4. Technical aspects 5. Economic aspects 6. Conclusion

3 3 AIM OF THE STUDY Potentials of (decentralised) greywater recycling in Eastern HafenCity Treatment and reuse including heat recovery Feasibility study based on two exemplary building types Assistance and support to project developers Project partners: HAMBURG WASSER (Hamburg s water and wastewater utility) Erwin Nolde (Nolde & Partner) Client: HafenCity GmbH APB, Function Plan Baakenhafen, 2012

4 4 CASE STUDY: BAAKENHAFEN APB, Function Plan, 2012 ELBE & FLUT

5 5 TWO EXEMPLARY BUILDING TYPES Building A (plot 97) mainly residential use, about 250 inhabitants APB, Function Plan Baakenhafen, 2012 Building B (plot 80) mixed use, about 110 inhabitants & 530 workplaces

6 6 CHARACTERISTICS OF GREYWATER Concentrations (according to fbr, 2005) bathroom (low pollution) bathroom, kitchen, washing machine (heavy pollution) average min-max average min-max COD [mg/l] BOD [mg/l] AFS [mg/l] P tot [mg/l] N tot [mg/l] ph [-] Temperature: 18 C - 38 C (fbr), from project experience: about 30 C

7 7 GREYWATER REUSE AS SERVICE WATER Potential use as service water Purpose Drinking water consumption [l/(p*d)] Heavy pollution greywater [l/(p*d)] Low pollution greywater [l/(p*d)] Personal hygiene Toilet flushing Laundry Dishes 7 7 Cleaning / Gardening 7 Drinking / Cooking 5 Small Trade (attributed) 11 Total Numbers on drinking water consumption according to BDEW, 2011

8 8 OPTIONS CONSIDERED FOR GREYWATER TREATMENT AND SERVICE WATER PROVISION water supply greywater disposal toilet flushing washing machine low pollution heavy pollution Option 0 drinking water sewer Option 1 service water drinking water greyw. treatment sewer Option 2 service water greyw. treatment sewer Option 3 service water drinking water greywater treatment Option 4 service water greywater treatment Option 1 and 2: only low polluted greywater Option 1 and 3: only for toilet flushing

9 9 WATER BALANCES HafenCity as new development assumed to have a high penetration of water saving devices Differentiation for water use in households and working places / small trade Adapted specific water uses e.g. toilet in household 30l/(p*d), in office 12 l/(p*d) Water balances calculated for 2 building types and 4 options

10 10 Option 0, conventional system drinking water 105 l/p*d kitchen bathroom toilet laundry wastewater 105 l/p*d drinking water 105 l/p*d 30 l/p*d kitchen bathroom toilet laundry 42 l/p*d wastewater 63 l/p*d Option 1, low pollution, only for toilet flushing greywater treatment 12 l/p*d

11 11 WATER BALANCES (in m 3 /d) Building A (residential use) greywater service water Option low heavy toilet toilet & washing balance pollution pollution machine Option Option Option Option Building B (mixed use) greywater service water Option low heavy toilet toilet & washing balance pollution pollution machine Option Option Option Option Balance: positive value = excess service water; negative value = drinking water required

12 12 ADDITIONAL PIPINGS For building A, in [m] drinking water (cold & warm) service water water supply pipes wastewater/ blackwater greywater wastewater pipes Opt Opt Opt Opt Opt Water supply pipes: 35-45% additional requirements Wastewater pipes: 80% additional requirements four room flat four room flat

13 Verwen Toiletten Bewäss Grauwa Küchen, Waschm Badezim Toiletten 13 TREATMENT OPTIONS Various technical processes available (e.g. rotating discs, membrane reactors etc.) Multi barrier concept required (including disinfection) Greywater from kitchens: more effort for treatment required (incl. grease trap), manufacturers of membrane plants discourage from including heavily polluted greywater Berlin-Potsdamer Platz: Grauwasserrecycling zur Wohnwertverb Space requirements differ slightly, but are mainly affected by storage capacity Aufbere 10 m³/d Membrane plant, Dehoust/GEP Moving bed reactor, about 10m 3 /d, Block 6, Berlin Platzbedarf: (Nolde) 1993: 800 m² (1987) Bewachsener Bodenfilter m² Schönun 2007: Reduziert auf m² für Wirbelbett Reaktor und UV-D

14 14 ENERGY RECOVERY Energy requirements for treatment and pressure: about 1.5 to 2.5 kwh/m 3 (electricity) Potential thermal energy recovery: kwh/m 3 (e.g. by heat exchanger) Greywater recycling including heat recovery, Berlin, Arnimplatz, Nolde & Partner

15 16 INVESTMENT COSTS Option1 low pollution Building A (residential) Option 2 Option 4 low pollution heavy pollution Pipes 143, , ,300 Treatment 77,000 90, ,000 Space requirements 50,000 50,000 50,000 Additional investment costs 270, , ,300 Additional investment costs per flat 2,130 2,333 2,569

16 17 OPERATIONAL COSTS Option1 low pollution Building A (residential) Option 2 low pollution Option 4 heavy pollution Electricity 1,130 /a 1,564 /a 2,108 /a Disposal of grease 500 /a Manpower 1,600 /a 1,600 /a 1,600 /a Maintenance 1,750 /a 1,940 /a 2,240 /a Reduced costs drinking - 10,622 /a - 14,698 /a - 15,851 /a water Reduced costs heat - 2,932 /a - 2,932 /a - 4,394 /a supply Annual costs - 9,074 /a - 12,526 /a - 13,397 /a Annual costs per flat - 72 /a - 98 /a /a

17 18 ANNUAL COSTS (INCLUDING CAPITAL COSTS) Building A (residential) Option1 low pollution Option 2 low pollution Option 4 heavy pollution Annual costs (incl. capital costs) 1,780 /a -1,930 /a 850 /a Annual costs per flat 14 /a -15 /a 7 /a Calculation based on lifetimes of 50 years (pipes) and 15 years (greywater treatment), 3% interest, 2% price increases Results sensitive to factors such as costs for space requirements, drinking water prices or recovered energy

18 19 CONCLUSION Combination of greywater recycling with heat recovery seems to be a promising option Depending on type of building (residential, office, mixed) different combinations of greywater (with or without washing machine and kitchen) and extent of service water use (toilet or incl. washing machine) are reasonable -> water balances Costs effectiveness is greatly influenced by water prices of pulic utility (in Hamburg rather low water prices, therefore lower profitability of greywater recycling) Operational costs can be covered by cost savings (water and energy) Real estate and project developers should be motivated to pick up the idea

19 20 Platzhalter Präsentationstitel THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Dr. Franziska Meinzinger Quality and Environmental Management Unit HAMBURG WASSER Billhorner Deich Hamburg Telefon 040 / franziska.meinzinger@hamburgwasser.de

20 21 Platzhalter Präsentationstitel ANY QUESTIONS? ELBE & FLUT