Available online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 150 (2016 )

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1 Available online at ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 150 (2016 ) International Conference on Industrial Engineering, ICIE 2016 Main Principles of Urban Lands of the Air Basin Ecological Monitoring Organization from Toxic Components of Residue and Exhaust Gases of Stationary Sources by the Example of the City of Rostov-on-Don O.N. Paramonova, E.P. Lysova*, N.V. Yudina Rostov State University of Civil Engeneering, 162, Socialisticheskaya Street, Rostov-on-Don , Russia Abstract Urban territories should provide for a favourable life activity of people alongside with the preservation of the ecological balance, however, there are specific city-planning focuses where ecological problems are maximally concentrated. The air basin of the urban territories is the most dynamic and the most vulnerable of all environmental components bearing the most anthropogenic load. The article is dedicated to research of the existing ecological monitoring system toxic component exhaust of the residue and exhaust gases of stationary sources and use of ecologically efficient technologies of discharge purification. Application of the organizational monitoring principles suggested by the authors is reviewed by the example of the city of Rostov-on-Don The Authors. Published by by Elsevier Elsevier Ltd. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICIE Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICIE 2016 Keywords: Ecological monitoring; stationary sources; air basin of urban territories; toxic components of residue and exhaust gases 1. Introduction Under ecological city zoning of any city, including such major metropolis as Rostov-on-Don, all infrastructure objects are divided into groups corresponding to three main functional zones [1-4]: 1. residential zone (a territory within the boundaries of which the residential construction is the main one); 2. industrial zone (a territory within the boundaries of which industrial enterprises are mainly located); * Corresponding author. Tel.: ; fax: address: katerina.lysova0803@gmail.com The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICIE 2016 doi: /j.proeng

2 2014 O.N. Paramonova et al. / Procedia Engineering 150 ( 2016 ) recreational zone (places of public recreation, major woodlands, resort territories and areas of protected landscape). It is known [5-7] that main polluting sources of the air basin of the cities are two groups of sources mobile (mostly automobile and railway transport) and stationary (enterprises of fuel-energy and machine-building complexes, agricultural holdings, construction industry enterprises and construction facilities). At that the majority of stationary sources of air basin pollutants is concentrated in the industrial zone. However, enterprises of housing and utility sphere, enterprises manufacturing building constructions and materials, construction facilities are located in the territory of cities, in residential zone, and could not be relocated outside its territory which is related to minimization of losses (material, energetic, etc) in provision of services to consumers [8]. Air basin of urban territories is subject to maximum anthropogenic load, is the most dynamic and the most vulnerable of all environmental components. However air basin pollution is often paid little attention to. That is why ecological monitoring system should be first of all aimed at status observation of the air basin with the opportunity of evaluation of ecological efficiency of technologies for decontamination from toxic components of residue and exhaust gases of stationary sources, as well as a status forecast for timely warning on possible unfavourable changes. 2. Relevance, scientific importance of the issue with brief literature review Under the modern conditions of urban territories development the problem of air basin pollution is pressing. Existing system of air basin monitoring is based on determination of actual concentration of toxic components in comparison with maximum allowed (MAC), which demands substantial financial expenses. However, constant increase of the level of pollution dictates the necessity of not only decreasing, but of constantly increasing the volume of works on control and forecasting of air basin status and, consequently, improving the ecological monitoring system. By this reason solution of the task of monitoring system improvement is pressing both in scientific and practical meaning. Issues of development of main principles and organization of ecological monitoring of environment, including of the air basin of urban territories, have been and are tackled by many scientists Bezuglaya E.Yu., Berlyand M.E., Bespalov V.I., Genrihovich E.D., Gerasimov I.P., Israel Yu.A., Kuzenkova G.V., Lightman D.L., Murtazov A.K., Onikul R.I., Pushenko S.L., Sokolova G.N., Syutkin V.M. and many others [9-17]. 3. Task setting Existing ecological monitoring system of toxic components into the air basin of cities is represented in figure 1 [5]. Fig. 1. Existing system of ecological monitoring of emissions of toxic components into the air basin of cities System of ecological monitoring of emissions of toxic components into the air basin is based on the network of Rosgidromet observations, carrying out the observations at the stationary stations. Stations are located on basis of preliminary research of air pollution of the city with emission from different groups of sources and terms of dispersion [18-19]. On basis of observations analysis and forecast of the status of the air basin are carried out using the methods and technologies customary for Rosgidromet system. These data are daily transmitted to the state

3 O.N. Paramonova et al. / Procedia Engineering 150 ( 2016 ) authorities, law-enforcement bodies, mass media to inform the population in the form of forecasts by cities, reviews of actual conditions, storm warnings, on unfavourable hydrometeorological phenomena [18-20]. At that the existing monitoring system has the following advantages: methodic and legal provision of unity of measurements (sample collection and analysis); authenticity of the observation data is provided by the system of internal and external control, accreditation of the laboratories by the State Standard of the Russian Federation; long-term period of observations; vast and valuable fund material. However the existing ecological monitoring system of emission of toxic components into the air basin of cities has a number of disadvantages: system of ecological monitoring does not correspond to the European standards, in connection with that the necessity of working out of a development concept and improvement of ecological monitoring system is obvious; number of observation posts does not always correspond to the present day recommendations; ecological monitoring system is characterized by the insufficient number of determined factors, a whole number of specific substances present in the emissions of industrial enterprises is not presently controlled; for the existing observation posts lack of automated means for atmospheric air control and absence of modern information technologies allowing to operatively make technically and economically grounded decisions (including in case of emergency) is obvious; there is a substantial time gap between sampling and receipt of results of their analysis during monitoring: from several hours on majority of measured factors to tens and more days on certain substances (benzapyrene, certain heavy metals). 4. Theoretical part For successful functioning of monitoring system in the cities we have worked out the following recommendations on its improvement: since monitoring by definition is a constant activity it is necessary to pay special attention to continuity of financing of its key types from the state budget; for provision of the corresponding level of investments into the basic infrastructure of air basin monitoring, in particular into the one related to primary data collection (monitoring network), their processing (human resources) and equipment (computers and software), to create a system of various sources and financing mechanisms; to bring in conformity with the international standards all aspects of practical activity on air basin monitoring; to provide for continuity of observations by traditional parameters for evaluation of long-term trends in environment changes; to supplement data on air pollution collected by the statistics bodies and environmental authorities and create a unified databank on air pollution; to use the methods of modeling for reduction of the time for information collection and all types of expenses on environmental monitoring; broaden the use of computer networks to facilitate access and exchange of information on air pollution between all interested parties on all levels of managerial decision-making. to improve the information quality, prioritizing development of a set of ecological indicators using international experience. to provide for free access on basis of using modern information technologies to information on the status of air environment, collected using state financing. to regularly publish short publications in the form of brochures representing key information on the air environment state, reports, leaflets and reviews providing for their availability on the Internet. Based on the analysis of national systems structures we have formulated the main requirements to development of such systems. In our opinion, these requirements provide for the following five main stages (figure 2).

4 2016 O.N. Paramonova et al. / Procedia Engineering 150 ( 2016 ) Results of the complex system of ecological monitoring of air basin of the cities developed by us mostly depend on the volume and quality of source information. Fig. 2. Main requirements to development of complex system of air basin ecological monitoring It should include more detailed data on space-time variability of factors of air quality, contain detailed data on types and volumes of economic activity, including information on pollution sources. Besides, we have relied on legislative acts connected with control and management of air quality, we have taken into consideration financial possibilities, general physical and geographic state, main methods of air quality management and a number of other data. 5. Practical importance, suggestions and results of implementation, results of experimental research On basis of Rostov State University of Civil Engineering we have tested the principles of organization of ecological monitoring of the state of air basin through the example of the city of Rostov-on-Don during development of dedicated ecological programme Rehabilitation of Air Basin of the City of Rostov-on-Don. For development of complex ecological monitoring system the following requirements were taken into consideration: operational efficiency of work; inclusion of a vast territory; operation under changing natural conditions; comparability of the obtained information to the existing legislative acts. The developments carried out, experience in designing and creation of similar system allowed to formulate main principles of its creation: adaptivity of system structure; efficiency of receipt and processing of data in real time; geoinformational technology of integration of varied data. Based on the formulated requirements we have suggested a principal structure of complex system of ecological monitoring of the city of Rostov-on-Don, (figure 3). Information and instruments communication set (ICS) should include diverse elements (figure 3), the task of which includes control of processes of various speed and different areal sweep. Communication subsystem provides for interaction between information-measurement network and informationmanagement subsystem. Tasks of information-management subsystem include management of operation of information-management network, collection, transfer, accumulation and processing of monitoring information in the system. Technology of processing of remote data in the monitoring system should also be efficient, that is why it is based on the use of computer means for data processing and geoinformation technologies.

5 O.N. Paramonova et al. / Procedia Engineering 150 ( 2016 ) Fig. 3. Structure of improved complex system of ecological monitoring for the city of Rostov-on-Don 6. Conclusions In accordance with the suggested structure and carried out earlier analysis of the state of existing system of ecological monitoring of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere of the city of Rostov-on-Don we have worked out suggestions on its improvement, including: 1. Improvement of preparation of state reports on the status of environment for persons taking managerial decisions on all levels, scientific community and wide audience. 2. Increase of the number of observation stations to 10 with the purpose of wider inclusion of the observation territory of the city of Rostov-on-Don and location of the lacking three stations in the north-western (one station) and south-eastern (two stations) parts of the city. 3. Provision of implementation of modern technologies, devices and equipment to increase efficiency of monitoring of atmospheric air, quality and reliability of receipt, processing and access to hydrometeorological information on air pollution of the city, with the purpose of which to provide the following: implementation of automated meteorological complexes at the stations; replacement of worn out technical means with modern;

6 2018 O.N. Paramonova et al. / Procedia Engineering 150 ( 2016 ) transfer to paperless technology of receipt, processing and distribution of measured information with accumulation of data on technical means. From our point of view public ecological monitoring could carry out the following functions most efficiently: observation of the objects which are either not included into monitoring systems of state environmental services or are described not fully enough; attract attention to problems which have not been identified earlier; development of ecological training, enlightenment and education. Acknowledgments The authors express their sincere gratitude to the staff of the Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Rostov State University of Civil Engineering" for advice and recommendations kindly given while writing of this article. References [1] S.B. Chistyakova, Environmental protection, Moscow,1988. [2] V.V. Pankov, S.M. Orlov, Geoecology of urban territories, Moscow, [3] V.L. Glazychev, Social-and-ecological interpretation of an urban environment, Moscow, [4] Yu.V. Kononovich, A.D. Potapov, Bases of ecological planning of town-planning activity: manual, Moscow, [4] The ecological bulletin of Don: On the state of the environment and natural resources of the Rostov region in 2014, Rostov-on-Don, [5] V.I. Vigdorovich, N.V. Gabelko, R.V. Spasskiy, Pollution of the Air of the City of Tambov with Exhaust Gases, Bulletin of Udmurd University. 8 (2005) [6] V.Yu. Ananiev, D.S. Zhigaev, P.F. Kiku, L.V. Kislitsina, Evaluation of Population Health Risk in Influence of Chemical Substances of the Atmospheric Air of the City of Vladivostok, Health, Medical Ecology, Science. 52 (2013) [7] G.A. Maloyan, Fundamentals of town planning: manual, Moscow, [8] Yu.A. Izrael, Ecology and control of natural environment, Moscow, [9] Yu.A. Izrael, Problems of monitoring and protection of the environment, Moscow, [10] Yu.A. Izrael, Global observing system, Forecast and assessment of the natural environment, Bases of monitoring, Meteorology and hydrology. 7 (1974) 3 8. [11] M.E. Berland, E.D. Genrikhovich, R.I. Onikul, To the regulation of emissions from land-based sources, Works. 387 (1997) [12] M.E. Berlyand, Prediction and regulation of air pollution, Leningrad, [13] M.E. Berlyand, Modern studies of the Main Geophysical Observatory, St. Petersburg, [14] E.Y. Bezuglaya, Monitoring of atmospheric pollution in the cities, Leningrad, [15] V.M. Syutkin, Ecological monitoring of administrative region (concepts, methods, practice on the example of Kirov region), Kirov, [16] L.P. Soloviev, State of the System of Monitoring of Ecological and Economic Systems, Machine-Building and Life Safety. 1 (2013) [17] E.V. Roshupkin, Environmental monitoring system, Izvestiya of the Tula State University. 1 (2011) [18] E.G. Krushel, Ecological Monitoring of Atmospheric Air of Small Cities, Models and Algorithms, Science, Moscow, [19] A.G. Abramov, N.K. Plugotarenko, V.V. Petrov, A.V.Markina, System approach of the development of the industrial city environmental monitoring conception, Engineering Bulletin of Don. 4 (2012)