UKRAINE: HUMAN HEALTH AND BIODIVERSITY CONCERNS AND LINKAGES
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1 UKRAINE: HUMAN HEALTH AND BIODIVERSITY CONCERNS AND LINKAGES Viktor KARAMUSHKA National University Kyiv-Mohyla Academy Mykhailo KOSHELNYK Ministry of Health of Ukraine
2 HUMAN HEALTH AND BIODIVERSITY
3 Ukraine: Current Challenges , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,5 DEPOPULATION POPULATION DECREASE, , thousand Source: FAO,
4 Ukraine: Current Challenges ECONOMIC DEPRESSION GDP per capita, USD Source: IMF
5 Ukraine: Current Challenges Economic depression Ukraine GDP, billion USD GDP forecast for Billion USD Source: Trading Economics, WB
6 Ukraine: Challenges Fighting with economic depression, Ukraine has launched Political reform Judicial reform Public health reform Administrative reform Pension reform Painful annexation of Crimea and on-going military conflict in Eastern Ukraine absorbs a lot of material, financial resources and human lifes
7 Policy and Legislation Development Law On Environmental Protection of Ukraine, 1991 Law On provision of sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of population, 1994 National Environmental Health Action Plan for , 2000 National Concept of Biodiversity Conservation, 2004 National Environmental Strategy till 2020, 2010.
8 National Programs Implementation: National Program of Environmental Rehabilitation of Dnipro River Basin and Improving Drinking Water Quality, 1997 National Program for the Protection and Rehabilitation of the Environment of the Azov and Black Seas, 2000 State Target Program Drinking Water of Ukraine for State Target Program of Water Economy Development and Environmental Rehabilitation of Dnipro River Basin till 2021
9 Implementation of International Conventions and Agreements: The Black Sea Strategic Action Plan (Istanbul, 1996; Sofia, 2009) Protocol on Water and Health (London, 1999) Ukraine-EU Association Agreement, 2014 Sustainable Development Goals: Ukraine, 2017
10 Practices for biodiversity and health mainstreaming in Ukraine
11 Dnipro River is main source of water for drinking, industrial, communal, agricultural etc. needs Dnipro (Dnieper) river reservoirs: 1 Zaporizhzhia, Kakhovka, Kremenchuk, Dniprodzеrzhinsk, Kyiv, Kaniv, 1975
12 Dnipro River, Kyiv area, July 2017
13 EUTROPHICATION Dnipro River, Kyiv area, July 2017
14 Eutrophication is characterized by excessive plant and algal growth due to the increased availability of one or more limiting growth factors needed for photosynthesis (Schindler 2006) Key species are represented by green unicellular algae and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) Eutrophication is a condition in an aquatic ecosystem where high nutrient concentrations stimulate blooms of algae (e.g., phytoplankton). Eutrophication is a natural process that may occur to lakes, rivers with low flow, and marine shallow areas.
15 The main causes of eutrophication - natural run-off of nutrients, inorganic fertilizers, detergents etc. from the coachmen area - discharge of partially treated or untreated sewage (containing nitrates and phosphates) - warm (hot) weather - low water flow
16 DROUGHT INDEX OF TERRITORY OF UKRAINE April April May May Source: Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change in Ukraine. Ed. V.І.Lialko, 2015
17 The main effects of eutrophication: - Phytoplankton outbreak - Increase in turbidity (cloudiness) of water - Increase in rate of sedimentation - Decrease in species diversity - Change in dominant biota (e.g. blue-green algae replace green algae) - Generation of bio toxins by blue-green algae - Development of anoxic (anaerobic) conditions (low oxygen levels) - Doom of some water organisms due to lack of oxigen - Lost of recreational value of water bodies - Increased health risk
18 Eutrophication was recognized as one of key reasons of degradation of the Black Sea ecosystem in 1970s Caused by eutrophication hypoxia zones in the North-West part of the Black Sea resulted in doom of benthic species Source: Druon, J.-N., W. Schrimpf, S. Dobricic and A. Stips, 2002
19 q Eutrophication of the Black Sea was eradicated by joint actions taken by the Health and Environment sectors at the national and international levels. q Rehabilitation of the Black Sea ecosystem resulted in co-benefits for Human Health and Biodiversity q Prevention of eutrophication in fresh water bodies requires consolidated efforts of Agricultural, Communal, and other sectors q Water monitoring and quality assessment, information of population, preventive actions decrease risk for human health and conserve biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems
20 HUMAN HEALTH BIODIVERSITY INTERLINKAGE: ACTIONS Research, Capacity Building, Raising Awareness q Research of Human Health and Ecosystem Health implications of Climate Change q Research of agricultural plants variety resilient to Climate Change q Risk Assessment of deceases associated with biota q Disaster Risk Assessment q Economic assessment of Human Health Biodiversity implications q Incorporation of Health-Biodiversity considerations into educational programs (schools and universities) q
21 HUMAN HEALTH BIODIVERSITY INTERLINKAGE: ACTIONS Integration of Human Health - Biodiversity considerations into sectoral policies and action plans Agriculture, Fishery, Aquaculture q Regulation of invasive species q Development and introduction of crops / vegetable plants resilient to draught and other climate change consequences q Protection of pollinating species q Prevention of eutrophication of water sources
22 HUMAN HEALTH BIODIVERSITY INTERLINKAGE: ACTIONS Integration of Human Health and Biodiversity considerations into sectoral policies and action plans Urban Development q Planning green / recreational zones q Introduction resilient plant species q
23 HUMAN HEALTH BIODIVERSITY INTERLINKAGE: ACTIONS Environment Integration of Human Health and Biodiversity considerations into q National Strategy of Adaptation to Climate Change q National Strategy and Action Plan on Biodiversity Conservation q Strategies and Action Plans of the Rehabilitation / Protection of the river basins q Strategies and action Plans of the Rehabilitation / Protection of the Azov and Black Seas Environment q
24 THANK YOU! Viktor KARAMUSHKA National University Kyiv-Mohyla Academy Kyiv, Ukraine Т: Е: Mykhailo KOSHELNYK Ministry of health of Ukraine Kyiv, Ukraine Т: Е:
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