The Operational Work Plan, Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities (GPA)
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1 The Operational Work Plan, Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities (GPA) GPA Coordination Office, June
2 UNEP s plan for GPA 1. Catalyze change collaborate with partners to leverage resources for national action in Nutrients, Wastewater, and Marine litter; 2. Take advantage of existing mechanisms make the case for mainstreaming the GPA within Regional Seas Programmes (administered by UNEP); 3. Assessment monitor and report on innovative & bestpractice approaches that protect the marine environment from land-based activities; and 4. Awareness-raising and outreach raise the profile of the GPA as a multilateral initiative embodying the principles of ecosystem management at the interface of land and ocean. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project 2
3 What does the GPA-OWP seek to address? The GPA Operational Work Programme seeks to address: -The IGR-3 discussions and the Manila Declaration (which recognizes the important contribution of the RSP in implementation of LBS protocols) -Priority pollution source categories among the nine categories of the GPA UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project 3
4 Principal pollutants of concern to the GPA Member States 1. Sewage 2. Nutrients 3. Marine Litter 4. Physical Alteration & Destruction of Habitats (PADH) 5. Others: Persistent organic pollutants Radioactive substances Heavy metals Oils Sediments UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project 4
5 What does the GPA-OWP seek to address? The GPA Operational Work Programme seeks to address: The UNEP Programme of Work, (through provision of technical support) The need to re-energize and mobilize additional resources for programme activities UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project 5
6 .Achieved through: National Action Regional Cooperation International Cooperation (underpinned by the development of Partnerships for implementation)
7 GPA Focal Areas, Support development of National Programmes of Action (NPAs) Provide technical support (for National Actions) Mobilize resources for the development & implementation of NPAs and build on existing partnerships
8 GPA Focal Areas, Establishment of Global Partnerships 1. Nutrient Management 2. Wastewater (Sewage) 3. Marine Litter
9 GPA Focal Areas, Establishment of Global Partnerships Provide technical support/prepare guidance documents Develop demonstrations/pilots Mobilize resources for the work of partnerships Add value as a forum
10 GPA Focal Areas, Nutrients Primarily Nitrogen & Phosphorus Fertilizers Detergents Eutrophication Hypoxia (Dead Zones )
11 World Fertilizer Consumption and agricultural outputs Cereal Production (billion tonnes/year) Meat production (kg/person/year)
12 Global Footprints of nutrient pollution MacDonald et al. PNAS 2011
13 Hypoxic Zones
14 IMPACTS 14
15 GPA Focal Areas, Establishment of Global Partnerships Nutrients Aim to promote improved nutrient use efficiency Develop nutrient uptake efficiency management strategies Knowledge generation (e.g. global nutrient cycles) Further develop GPNM
16 GPA Focal Areas & Impacts Sewage Globally, 2 million tonnes of sewage, industrial and agricultural waste is discharged into the world s water ways Up to 90 % of all wastewater in developing countries is discharged untreated directly into rivers, lakes or the oceans
17 Direct discharge of wastewater into surface and groundwater systems with little or no treatment is one of the most serious threats to water resources (UN-HABITAT) 17
18 GPA Focal Areas & Impacts Sewage An estimated 245,000 km 2 of marine ecosystems are affected with impacts on fisheries, livelihoods and the food chain At least 1.8 million children under five years-old die every year from water-related disease (1 in every 20 seconds)
19 Sewage reaching the coast Source: UNEP/GPA
20 GPA Focal Areas, Establishment of Global Partnerships Wastewater/Sewage Agree on targets to limit, treat and recycle wastewater Environmentally-friendly resourcerecycling approaches (s.a. nutrients) Focus on vulnerable groups (s.a. poor)
21 GPA Focal Areas & Impacts Marine Litter any persistent, manufactured or processed solid material discarded, disposed of or abandoned in the marine and coastal environment Found on shores, in water column & on seafloor
22 SOURCES: Land-based waste from dumpsites, recreational activities, fishing, ship yards Sea-based abandoned, lost or discarded fishing gear; shipping activities, legal/illegal dumping
23 Platform for invasive species
24 Affects recreational use of waters
25 Marine Litter costs UK $3.9M to clean 900 km Shetland each fishing boat loss $16,000 to $50,000 per year Sweden a small fishing community loss over $1M per year USA insurance companies: over $50M claims from fishermen UK >200 rescues at sea because of fouled propellers - >$1.6M per year Our health? Emerging issue - Microplastic particles as a vector in transporting persistent, bio-accumulating and toxic substances in the ocean UNEP Yearbook
26 plastic debris continues to kill marine life, and pollution from land is creating areas of coastal waters that are almost devoid of oxygen Ban Ki Moon, International Day for Biological Diversity, May 22, 2012
27 GPA Focal Areas, Establishment of Global Partnerships Marine Litter/Debris Reduce litter influx to coastal areas Improvement of land-based solid waste management Improved standards/regulations Demonstration projects Promote Honolulu Strategy Identify innovative solutions Create on-line forum
28 GPA Focal Areas, Global Partnership on Marine Litter (GPML) Various levels of partners International multi-stakeholder steering committee Guide GPML Coordinate fund-raising Facilitate international coordination
29 GPA Focal Areas, Global Partnership on Marine Litter (GPML) Implement Honolulu Strategy Education and outreach on ML impacts Capacity-building Symposia/ Rio+20 Focus on role of business Develop & promote compliance with legislation/ policies (e.g. waste minimization) Improve assessment & monitoring (of marine debris)
30 GPA Focal Areas, Global Partnership on Marine Litter (GPML) Implement Honolulu Strategy Implement on-line ML platform Facilitate information flow/knowledgesharing Promote Honolulu Commitment Serve as primary global source of information on ML Hosted by GPA
31 GPA Focal Areas, Global Partnership on Marine Litter (GPML) Programme for improvement in plastics management Focus on the plastics industry Work towards mutually acceptable targets for reduction of plastics pollution Promote responsible environmental stewardship
32 GPA Focal Areas, Global Partnership on Marine Litter (GPML) Demonstration projects Reduce waste reaching the marine environment, e.g.: Abandoned, Lost or otherwise Discarded Fishing Gear Plastic recycling Plastic disclosure Single-use plastics packaging
33 The Final Word.Ban Ki Moon, May 2012 Rio+20 must galvanize action to improve the management and conservation of oceans through initiatives by the United Nations, governments and other partners to reduce ocean pollution..,
34 THANK YOU! Prepared by: Vincent Sweeney GPA Coordinator DEPI, UNEP
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