The Water Framework Directive: a challenge for analytical chemistry

Transcription

1 Twinning Bulgaria Italia Training 3.3 Simitli February 2009 The Water Framework Directive: a challenge for analytical chemistry Stefano POLESELLO* *Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque-CNR, Brugherio

2 First step The Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC requires the Commission in Article 16: 16 (2) to establish a list of priority substances (PS) 16 (3) to identify the priority hazardous substances (PHS)

3 Second step The Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC requires the Commission : to submit proposals for (Articles 16(6 and 7)) Emission controls principle sources (point and diffuse) product controls and emission limit values progressive reduction of discharges, emissions and losses for PS phase-out/cessation for PHS within 20 years Quality standards (EQS) surface waters (inland & coastal), sediments or biota good chemical status by 2015 Combined approach

4 Chemical classification Annex V quality objective in relation to concentrations High status Good status Moderate status Synthetic pollutants close to zero or, at least, detection limits below EQS as derived in Reference to biological quality elements Non-synthetic Undisturbed below EQS as Reference to pollutants conditions, i.e. background levels derived in (but not below biological quality elements background)

5 Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) have been established on the basis of: EU Risk Assessment (EU-RAR) Technical Guidance Document (TGD) according to the Regulation 793/93 applying safety factors to NOEC (Not Observed Effect Concentration) measured in ecotoxicological and/or human toxicological tests

6 Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) have been stated in the Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy, amending and subsequently repealing Council Directives 82/176/EEC, / 83/513/EEC, / 84/156/EEC, / 84/491/EEC, / 86/280/EEC and amending Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. Published in Official Journal of the European Union L 348, 24 December 2008, pp

7 Annex I Parts A &B: water EQS For each substance 2 EQSs have been stated for Surface internal waters Other surface waters (transitional, coastal and territorial waters) as AA-EQS: annual average of monthly measurements MAC-EQS: maximum allowable concentration (only for some substances characterised by seasonal discharge): That means: time integrating sampling methods (e.g. passive samplers) offer important t and new possibilities But these methods are not directly intended for compliance checking in whole water samples

8 Annex I Part C: Compliance with EQS Organic pollutants: total concentration in the whole water sample (dissolved and particulate fractions) Metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, Ni): : dissolved fraction (after filtration at 0.45 μm) MS must take into account natural background concentrations

9 Which methods for PS monitoring? Directive 2000/60/EC Annex V, paragraph the provision of chemical data by MS shall be ensured by analytical methods that conform to relevant international or national standards or to other national or international standards or alternatively by analytical methods that are not standardised but provide data of equivalent or better scientific quality and comparability than standard analytical methods

10 COMMISSION DIRECTIVE of f[ [Day Month 2008] laying down, pursuant to Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, technical specifications for chemical analysis and monitoring of water status Art 1) It establishes minimum performance criteria for methods of analysis to be applied by Member States when monitoring water status, sediment and biota, as well as rules for demonstrating the quality of analytical results.

11 minimum performance criteria U % (relative uncertainty, k=2) 50% at EQS level LOQ (quantification limit) 1/3 EQS defined according standard ISO : 2006 Member States shall ensure that all methods of analysis, including laboratory, field and on-line methods, used for the purposes of chemical monitoring i programmes are validated d and documented in accordance with EN ISO/IEC standard or other equivalent standards accepted at international level.

12 Art 6: Quality assurance and control laboratories must apply quality management system practices in accordance with EN ISO/IEC or equivalent laboratories demonstrate their competences by: (a) participation i in proficiency i testing ti programmes AND (b) analysis of available reference materials that are representative of collected samples which contain appropriate levels of concentrations in relation to relevant environmental quality standards

13 Harmonization on European Level

14 Chemical Monitoring Activity ( ) 2009) Italy-DG Environment-JRC Strategic coordination group WG E PLENARY CMA (GW, SW/MW) WG C or WG E (joint meetings) CMA-1 Monitoring CMA-2 Quality Control CMA-3 Standardization (CEN TC/230) Sharing Best Practices Identification of gaps Sampling activities ities and best practices; Identificaton and selection of parameters Guidelines on monitoring activities; On field tests Guidelines for sediment and biota Finalization Directive on QA/QC European Strategy for control and Quality assurance Identification of standards CEN Validation

15 Documents produced so far for implementation of the WFD for chemical substances: AMPS Report CIS guidance document series CMA Chemical Water Monitoring guidance

16 Chemical Monitoring Activity Guidance Document on Chemical Monitoring of Surface Water

17 Guidance on chemical monitoring Guidance documents on chemical monitoring Complementary methods relevant to WFD chemical monitoring CASE Studies Substance Guidance Sheets

18 CMA-1 Activity Guidance on sediments &biota monitoring Why another guidance? Request by Member States t Gaps in the link WFD inland - marine monitoring Further guidance needed with final adoption of EQS Directive

19 Outline Draft IMPLEMENTATION OF SED/BIOTA MONITORING PROGRAMMES UNDER THE WFD IN INLAND WATERS Spatial distribution assessment of concentration levels (for demonstration of the conditions of good chemical and ecological status) Long-term trend analysis Specific p requirements for the evaluation of metal background concentrations in sediment and biota

20 IMPLEMENTATION OF SED/BIOTA MONITORING PROGRAMME UNDER THE WFD IN COASTAL WATERS AND OTHER SURFACE WATERS Spatial distribution assessment (for demonstration of conditions of good chemical and ecological status) Long-term trend analysis

21 ALTERNATIVE SEDIMENT AND BIOTA MONITORING METHODS SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS AND BIOTA QA/QC items relevant to S/B

22 Some conclusions - selection/prioritisation of topics General recommendations / strategic issues - basic aspects of sed and biota monitoring, relevant substances, representativeness of the sed and biota matrices. Collection of samples and sample handling - how to define location of sites/ stations, sampling frequency, sampling depth, sieving and normalisation, selection of the biota species and tissues. Long-term trends analysis - how to comply with the non-deterioration objectives (different types of WB)

23 Some open issues guidance on how to carry out monitoring of seds and biota when checking compliance with EQS guidance on most appropriate types of biota to be used and monitoring requirements for Mercury, Hexachlorobenzene, Hexachlorobutadiene in biota (for checking compliance with EQS in biota) Monitoring i requirements for the evaluation of dredged d d material : cannot be covered in this guidance this is not part of the EQS directive we do not have sufficient elements / clear demands Monitoring for identification of metal background conc. AMPS as a basis, but need for clarification of the needs

24 Documents can be downloaded from CIRCA website or asking to