GE Power & Water. Improved Aeroacoustics and Noise Management Options. Saskia Honhoff, Dr. Benoît Petitjean, Dr. Roger Drobietz, Dr. Kevin W.

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Leslie Howard
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1 GE Power & Water Saskia Honhoff, Dr. Benoît Petitjean, Dr. Roger Drobietz, Dr. Kevin W. Kinzie

2 From turbine to receptor Source Blade noise Machinery noise Turbine operation Flexible turbine & farm operation Propagation Terrain Weather Noise Validation Overall sound power level Tonality Infra- & low-frequency sound Amplitude modulation 2012, General Electric Company 2

Wind turbine noise today Although wind turbines are relatively

wind farms Wind farm developers have to comply with regional

noise limits and bigger rotor diameters require low noise

3 Wind turbine noise today Although wind turbines are relatively low level sources they can cause annoyance for residents near wind farms Wind farm developers have to comply with regional noise regulations Clear trends to lower noise limits Lower noise limits and bigger rotor diameters require low noise designs rpm The easy solution Innovation 2012, General Electric Company 3

4 Turbine level Sound Source Mitigation & Operation

A-weighted sound power A-weighted sound power Wind turbine noise source: Overview Overall turbine noise

boundary layer scattered by the sharp trailing edge Machinery noise Noise from gearbox at meshing

edges & surfaces Inflow turbulence noise: Inflow turbulence interacting with blade leading edge Flow

5 A-weighted sound power A-weighted sound power Wind turbine noise source: Overview Overall turbine noise blade Blade noise sources machinery frequency frequency Trailing edge noise: Pressure fluctuations in the boundary layer scattered by the sharp trailing edge Machinery noise Noise from gearbox at meshing frequency Cooling fans Brake systems Tip noise: Vortex structures at the tip interacting with the blade edges & surfaces Inflow turbulence noise: Inflow turbulence interacting with blade leading edge Flow separation noise: Large turbulent structures interacting with blade trailing edge and surface 2012, General Electric Company 5

Constrain max noise Sound Power Management Noise limit as a function of wind speed C p pitch max LWA

6 TSR LWA LWA TSR Noise reduced operation Understand noise & turbine performance based on TSR & pitch Control TSR & pitch for optimum AEP with noise constraint Noise for fixed RPM Noise Reduced Operation Constrain max noise Sound Power Management Noise limit as a function of wind speed C p pitch max LWA NRO Normal operation Normal operation LWA limit Wind speed Wind speed pitch 2012, General Electric Company 6

Low noise tip design 60% Rated Power 95%

2 On-blade installation -14-12 -10-8 -6-4 -2

to overall noise spectrum with GE low noise

7 Low noise tip design 60% Rated Power 95% Rated Power vs Difference in 1/3-octave SPL, [dba] On-blade installation : 3 rd -oct levels ref. blunt tip shape Clear noise benefits from khz for 40 95% rated power Most significant at 2kHz No tip noise contribution to overall noise spectrum with GE low noise tip Let s hear the difference! Sound recordings from baseline & redesigned tips, played back-to-back 2012, General Electric Company 7

Serration field test results Third-octave band levels referenced to un-serrated blades 95% Rated Power 1.5 MW with 77m rotor diameter 2.5 MW with 110m rotor diameter -8-6 -4-2 0 2 2.

8 Serration field test results Third-octave band levels referenced to un-serrated blades 95% Rated Power 1.5 MW with 77m rotor diameter 2.5 MW with 110m rotor diameter MW with 103m rotor diameter Difference in 1/3-octave SPL, [dba] Clear noise benefits in frequency range khz Overall, Lwa s decreased by 2 4 dba with serrations 2012, General Electric Company 8

9 Farm level Sound Source Mitigation & Operation

10 Farm interactions Turbine centric view... key in developing wind energy! Farm level approach Design Design as standalone unit Design for op. in wind farm -DM$ +AEP -Risk Micrositing Loads Operation Optimize layout for max AEP/min COE Turbine Suitability Analysis, Mechanical Loads analysis Operate as independent units in wind farm Adv. prediction capabilities Learning from data New technology developments Very large farms Terrain interaction Farm interactions Remove excess margins Cooperative operation, park level control +AEP -Risk -DM$ +AEP -Risk +AEP -Risk Services 99% Focus on availability MWhrs Focus on energy capture +AEP -Risk Noise Microphone at IEC location Homes near the wind farm +AEP -Risk Added value: Reduce Cost & Risk, increase AEP, low noise where it is needed 10

11 Summary

Summary Noise control technologies allow to run high tip speeds with low noise customer value Flexible turbine operation & Sound Power Management enable customized solutions Low Noise technologies,

12 Summary Noise control technologies allow to run high tip speeds with low noise customer value Flexible turbine operation & Sound Power Management enable customized solutions Low Noise technologies, smart wind turbine control and wind farm control support meeting noise regulations at low cost of energy GE will continue to invest into technology for better solutions 2010, 2012, General Electric Company 12

AWEA Windpower Chicago, IL May 6-8, Concepts for Wind Turbine Sound Mitigation

AWEA Windpower Chicago, IL May 6-8, Concepts for Wind Turbine Sound Mitigation AWEA Windpower 2013 Chicago, IL May 6-8, 2013 Concepts for Wind Turbine Sound Mitigation Dr. Kevin Kinzie, Dr. Roger Drobietz, Dr. Benoit Petitjean *, Saskia Honhoff GE Advanced Technology Operations Wind