DESIGN OF SMART GREEN HOUSE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR CHRYSANTHEMUM Sp. CULTIVATION BASED ON HUMIDITY, LIGHT AND TEMPERATURE SENSORS

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1 1 of 5 DESIGN OF SMART GREEN HOUSE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR CHRYSANTHEMUM Sp. CULTIVATION BASED ON HUMIDITY, LIGHT AND TEMPERATURE SENSORS Lia Kamelia *1, Liberty Chaidir 2, Rina Mardiati 1, Adam Faroqi Rasyid 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University of Bandung, Indonesia Department of Agro Technology, Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University of Bandung, Indonesia * Corresponding liafandi79@gmail.com Abstract - Chrysanthemum is one of the important commodities of cut flowers in the world. Major producing countries such as Japan and the Netherlands only supply less than 60% and the countries in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia and Malaysia only supplies about 10% of total world demand. It s indicating that the demands for chrysanthemums are still high. For optimization of production, chrysanthemums cultivation is usually carried out in a green house. Cultivation of the chrysanthemum in the green house is conducted in 3 stages, (1) Early planting stage occurs during 3-4 weeks, (2) the vegetative phase carried out for 6-8 weeks and (3) flower induction complete within 4 weeks. Each stage of cultivation required different climatic conditions, so it takes complicated treatments if it done conventionally. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the literatures that deal with the application of automation control technology in chrysanthemum green house. The representative application of each technology as well as its advantages and limitations are discussed Control is conducted base on the factors that affect the greenhouse climate, such as temperature, humidity, and lighting. In the first phase of planting, it will focus to control the irrigation system and temperature control which will automate the operation of the heater and fan for cooling, based on the results of the temperature sensor and humidity sensor. Vegetative phase focused on the control of lighting, irrigation systems and temperature, based on the results of the temperature sensors, humidity sensors and light sensors. While in the flower induction phase it focused on irrigation systems and temperature controlling. The discussions ended with the conclusion and identify several important areas where further research could be done. Keywords: Chrysanthemum, control system, greenhouse, sensor. I. INTRODUCTION In the future, agriculture is estimated will be develop into smart agriculture, thus people who work in agriculture, in 2020 will be dominated by agricultural engineering graduates, food and agricultural scientists and technicians in food and agriculture. Smart agriculture has the following properties [1] : (1) using sensors which monitors the condition of the plant, (2) adjusting farmland from home, (3) adjust the climatic conditions as desired by the greenhouse manager, (4) estimate the best conditions for plant according to the data obtained in the previous harvest. Ornamental plants are one of the potential commodities that are categorized as strategic horticultural commodities. The demand for of ornamental plants tends to increase every year. The needs of ornamental plants in the domestic market that quite a lot was still can not be fulfilled entirely by production in Indonesia, thus it still imported about 5-15% from the required total volume. Chrysanthemum or chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum sp) is one of the ornamental plants that have high economic value. In tropical countries, such as Southeast Asia, the cultivation of chrysanthemum often collided by climate problems and environmental circumstances. The problem is not easy to cultivate chrysanthemum, unless special requirements to be easily managed, and obtain satisfying results. Based on these problems, the authors will be design a smart system that is able to control the process of irrigation water on chrysanthemum plants using the humidity sensor, light and temperature sensors II. BIBLIOGRAPHY A. Chrysanthemum sp. Chrysanthemums can grow optimally at altitude 700 m m above sea level. For the growth of plant roots in the early days, it requires 90% - 95% humidity. It must have ph 6.2 to 6.7, with air temperature 22 o C 28 o C for growth during the day. Temperature at night should be approximately o C. Temperature on floral induction phase is 16 o C 18 o C with 70% - 80% humidity. Chrysanthemum is a short-day plant (short-day plant) which will be immediately blooming in long days. In Indonesia a long day and a long night is almost the same, 12 hours. Therefore, required the addition of light with the goal to extend the vegetative phase, so that the stems of plants can grow stronger and farmers can adjust the height of the plant[2]. Under such conditions, chrysanthemum cultivation will be more effective when conducted in the greenhouse. This protected house serves to deliver appropriate environmental conditions for optimum growth of chrysanthemum. Modifications to the growing environment can be done through the application of appropriate farming techniques to deliver optimum micro climate for plant growth and to reduce the negative effect of the environment such as high light intensity, exposure to direct rain water, the high daily temperatures and interference from insects, pests and pathogens. Greenhouse is a place that is used for controlling and maintaining the state environment as desired climate. The temperature, light intensity, humidity, and acid levels of the soil in the greenhouse will be meets the requirements the plants. There are several parameters to be considered in the greenhouse, such as room

2 2 of 5 temperature, soil temperature, humidity, water, light intensity, and the movement of air circulation (ventilation). Greenhouses should be placed where the sun illuminate the plants with full intensity. There are several problems that occur in the cultivation of chrysanthemums in the greenhouse that using conventional methods, i.e.: (a) in a large scale greenhouses, manager is difficult to organize the process of the plants watering, because it takes a lot of manpower to do it. (b). Manager is difficult to arrange the right water levels. Yet the lack of granting water will be influence the plants production. Conversely, redundant watering causes the growth of fungi and bacteria (c). Chrysanthemum plants require an appropriate level of nutrients to stimulate flowering. Fault in the process of watering crops and the lack of light settings may cause delays in flowering stage. The use of irrigation technology conducted on the system that controls the water supply to the crops. The water requirement of plants is determined by calculating the amount of evaporation on the soil surface and evaporation through crops. it also can conducted by measuring soil humidity. The drip irrigation system is way of granting water on crops directly, either on the ground or in the soil through droplets continuously and slowly on the soil near the plant. Drip irrigation may provide benefits such as; could improve crop yields and its quality, and also conserve water usage. B. Sensors One of the problems in agriculture is monitoring the condition of the plants. Supervision such as data collection for large agricultural area not only time consuming but also requires a lot of labor. The data collection process is temperature, soil humidity, soil fertility, time watering, etc. The use of sensors is a response from the problem, using sensor data collection is real-time and recorded, and thus data storage can be more easily done. Hundreds and even thousands of sensors has been mass produced in industry. Sensors is part of the transducer, the transducer is all the devices that convert the energy input into output energy [3]. Sensors that will be discussed in this paper are part of the sensor physics. examples of physical sensors are flow sensors, light sensors, acoustic sensors, humidity sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors and soil sensors [1]. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) known as photoconductor or photocell, is a device which has a resistance which varies according to the quantity of light declining on its exterior. The humidity sensor is used for sensing the humidity. Relative humidity is a measure, in percentage, of the vapors in the air compared to the total amount of vapors that could be detained in the air at a given temperature. Temperature sensor is an integrated circuit sensor that can be used to measure temperature with an electrical output comparative to the temperature. The temperature can be measured more precisely with it than using a thermostat. The sensor circuit is sealed and not subject to oxidation, etc[3]. Wireless sensor network is a type of sensor that makes the connection with the server or the relationship between its nodes is not conducted via wires. Wireless sensor networks are a technology which integrates the knowledge of sensors, automation control, digital network transmission, information storage, and information processing. At this time wireless sensor network technology has been mostly applied to environmental monitoring[4]. A sensor network is composed of a large number of small autonomous devices, called sensor nodes. Main goal is to monitor and control the environments for the crop requirements. All sensors are reconfigurable as the stages of crop increase, dynamic changes in the targeted area, nature of soil, climate, season and type of crop are taken into consideration.[5] Fig.1. Type of WSN that uses radio waves [5] There are two standard technologies are presented for WSN: ZigBee, WI-Fi and Bluetooth. They are operating at 2.4 GHz of the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) license free band, huge spectrum. In wireless communication, raising the frequency cause bandwidth to be increased, thus allowing for higher data rates with high power requirements over transmission space is significantly shorter allocation and worldwide compatibility. As a whole, ZigBee technology offers long battery living, small size, high reliability, automatic or semi-automatic installation, and particularly, a low system cost. The distance of the ZigBee wireless on transmitter module and receiver module has its own limit which able to communicate within 100 meter range. Therefore, it is a better choice for greenhouse monitoring and control than other wireless protocols[6]. III. SENSOR APPLICATION IN GREEN HOUSE In general, a green house has a function to: Reduce dependency on weather by isolating the cultivation of external environmental influences [7] In the green house, water and fertilizer more efficient than the conventional system. It s better to reduce the pests and animal intruders. It will improve the quality and quantity of production that will increase farmers' profits. Climate conditioning in a green houses include temperature, humidity, sunlight and the concentration of CO / CO2. Temperature and soil humidity also affects the internal weather. Outside weather can also affect green

3 3 of 5 houses climate, such as temperature and humidity, solar radiation, wind speed and direction, and solar radiation. In cultivation of chrysanthemums, several factors to be considered are: (1) the treatment of plant is divided into early planting, vegetative phase and flower induction phase [8], (2) irrigation system significantly affect moisture, (3) application of fertilizers (4) maintenance of the greenhouse temperature and (5) harvesting and storage system. Fertilization system automation applications using weight sensor already started to development in the 90's. the advantages of this application is to reduce the contact farmers with toxic materials, improve efficiency and effectiveness, reduce maintenance time, reduce errors farmers in regulating pesticide dose and increase harvest[9]. Berezowski write a paper about wireless sensor network (WSN) which is applied to the greenhouse arrangement[10]. The temperature in green houses is not uniform, it means the temperature at one point is not equal to temperature at another point, thus placement of the sensor can not be done only in one point only, but also at some point ie on the roof, walls, and in the middle of green houses above ground level. Hastriyandi has conducted temperature measurements at several points in the green house. This study is limited to the collection of data and displayed on a computer screen without any connection to other devices[7]. Such as WSN, WSAN technology can also be applied in data collection from sensors in a green houses. WSAN can be defined as a network comprising of sensor and actor nodes which considerately sense the environment and, if need, controls it. This enable a real time action process that aims to atomizes the network tasks. Based on the benefit gained from the small size of the network, low cost distributed sensing network that can be employed anywhere and even with harsh environments. Nikhade s research focuses WSAN as a result of monitoring and controlling system for agricultural. WSANs for agriculture application need new efficient algorithms, protocols of communication and design to be more focus on automation jobs, optimizing the response time, and providing instant solution[8]. Farmers only adjusting temperature and humidity in the green house, but the collection data in relation to the outdoor climate can also be done. Installation of the sensor can be done outside of the room to determine the temperature, light, pressure, humidity, wind direction and wind-speed [5]. Installation of outdoor sensor can also control the climate in the green house. Climate regulation in the green house also involves some cooling technology (cooling) and ventilation were made in a green houses.the technology are: Fan Induced Ventilation, Evaporative Cooling, Fan-pad Evaporative Cooling, Fogging and Misting System, Roof Evaporative Cooling, Shading, da Whitening and Covering Material. Because of this technology depends on the supply of electricity, it is expected that a green houses can have its own power source which among others can performed with the use of solar cells[11]. The use of temperature sensors, humidity and light in a green houses has been done by Dondapati and Rajulu. Research is still common to all types of green houses and was not limited by the types of plants. [3] Zhao et al had researched the green house management based on wireless sensors networks and multi-source information fusion technology. It has realized multi-sensor preparation and organization and multilevel energy storage method. Through developed and designed for hardware and software, experiments proves it has realized auto water-saving irrigate, which reduces water consumption and system power consumption, and the single hop for communication distance can reaches 350 meters, and can realize 6 hops data transmission[12]. Zhou et al. designed a monitoring system based on ZigBee, using an star network topology inside the greenhouse and a mesh topology for the connection between the greenhouses and the management system[13]. More specific research carried out by Hwang, et al. research had done for green houses of plant peppers. The research proposes a ubiquitous paprika growth system for complete management of paprika greenhouses that require accurate management of the plant growth and development environment. The proposed system is composed of physical, middle and application layers, and components of each layer collect and handle information of environment for growth and development within paprika greenhouses. Not only is the information delivered to users by a variety of methods, but remote manual and automatic control of paprika greenhouses also improves users expediency and productivity, and based on the data of environment for growth and development gained by operating the system, an optimized environment for growth and development of paprika can be produced[14]. Research that has reached in the application layer performed to Jun Jiao et al using IOT technology. The environmental monitoring system based on the IoT can gather the fast, accurate and continuous measurement requirements in the precision agriculture. The farm environmental monitoring system based on IoT is planned in their study. The system architecture is constructed. Meanwhile, both the hardware and software system for coordinator and routers are planned, integrated with the sensor, embedded system and network communication technology[15]. A monitoring system for greenhouse based on research by Xiu-Hong-Li et al, can achieve the following functions: (1) automatic collection of monitoring data for all greenhouses; (2) periodical transmission of the monitoring data and any alarm messages through matching the greenhouse ID to the greenhouse owner s phone number; (3) rolling and displaying the information on the screen of the base station; (4) acquisition of the monitoring data of the specified greenhouse with text messages being sent by the manager; (5) sending of the

4 4 of 5 real-time greenhouse monitoring data to the data center via the GPRS network[4]. IV. DISCUSSION After conducting a review of some previous research it could be taken several important points that become the initial of the design capabilities of a green houses automation system for the cultivation of chrysanthemum i.e.: Using WSN technology between the sensor nodes and the sensor with sink Collect data in real time Displaying the data within and in the screen in the application layer. Send data via the Internet to be delivered to the application layer, can be a smart phone, PDA, desktop, etc. in real time. Perform automated use of irrigation system, lighting, ventilation, CO2 pump, etc., in accordance with future phases of chrysanthemum based on the sensor data collection. Use self-contained power supply using solar cell. Chrysanthemum in greenhouse cultivation began in the initial planting stage. This stage lasts for approximately 2 weeks. During the first 7 days after planting, plants irrigated every day to wet the entire surface. After 1 week of planting, plants were irrigated four times a week. For strong root growth at the beginning of growth, the necessary humidity is 90% - 95%. PH for the soil should ranges from 6.2 to 6.7. In the first period, the activated sensor is the humidity sensor and a temperature sensor. Automation system performed with watering can be done in two way of, i.e. control system directly or control irrigation watering system based the humidity sensor. If it performed directly, then control can be done remotely via SMS using Android smart phones. To control using the humidity sensor, the programming can be done with the two principles, which is based on time or by moisture. If on specified time, the soil moisture below 90%, so the system will be automate water faucet to drain water into the soil surface. If the measured humidity is 90-95%, then the system will not do the watering. At the initial the growing season, the irrigation system should be carried out using up-spray system, thus the entire surface of the plants can be moistened. The temperature sensor will be calculating the overall temperature of green houses. At the early season, the recommended temperature has to range from o C. Temperatures generally range from green houses on o C, depend on structure and the materials used. During the elevation of plants or the vegetative phase, the temperature should be maintained at o C during the day and o C at night. At this stage the humidity sensors, temperature sensors and light sensors plays main role. During the day, if the average temperature sensor indicates a temperature below 22 o C, so the system will automate the heater to increase the temperature of green houses, if the measured temperature is above 28 o C, then the system will be turn on the fan to make the temperature lower than 28 o C. To distinguish the state the day and night, it can use the light sensor. Research is needed to determine how the measured light intensity can be use as the variable of day-to-night alteration. At night, the automatic system will set the limit temperature ranging from 22 o C to 26 C. In this stage, chrysanthemum sp need artificial lightning at night to increase their height. It usually is using watt fluorescent-lamps, or watt LED lamps. Optimum time to lightning the green house is 4 hours in the mid night. Automation could be done by microcontroller programming or by the light and temperature sensors analysis. The extension lightning must be conducted for 4 weeks or until the desirable plants height. Temperature Sensor Humidity Sensor Light Sensor ZigBee Module Solar Cell Panel Application Layer (PCDesktop, Laptop, Mobile, PDA, Smartphone) Internet / Intranet Main Controller A/D Converter Power Management Unit Actuator Heater irrigation lightning ventilation Fan Power Supply Fig 2. Blok Diagram for proposed research. Next phase is flower induction, the lightning at midnight will be turn off. The temperature must set at 16-18oC with 70% - 80% humidity percentage. If the temperature of the green house more than 20 o C, the flower usually will colorless and fade. The result from temperature-sensor measuring will automate the system to decide what will the next step, cooling or heating. Humidity sensor will measure the soil humidity, if the humidity percentage below 70%, the system will turn on the irrigation system to watering the soil surface. In this phase, the plant heights are range from 80 cm to 100 cm, so the admissible system for watering is drop watering on the soil surface, instead using up-spray method, which will wetting the flower surface. If the flowers are immersed by water too long, it will become spoiled. The green house automation for chrysanthemum sp. Cultivation is provided can reduce man power and also optimize the power supply and water supply, so that the

5 5 of 5 crop production for chrysanthemum will be increase in quality and number. V. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTUREWORK This paper is only discussed the global design for green house automation for Chrysanthemum sp. The management of automate system must be distinguished for three phase of cultivation. Every stage of cultivation has different range for temperature and humidity. The additional lightning has to be added for increasing the height of the plants. After this proposed work, we hope any further research to implement the application system. Fertilization system can be added based on ph meter or soil mineral sensor. The measured value can be used to determine the system whether it have to turn on the fertilizer or not. The manager cans monitories the collecting data from user-friendly gadget such as smart phone or PC. The other future work is to research the application of photovoltaic cell for the green house REFERENCES [1] A. Abdullah and A. Barnawi, Identification of The Type of Agriculture Suited for Application of Sensor Wireless Networks, Russ. J. Agric. Sosio- Economic Sci., vol. 12, no. 12, pp , [2] B. P. T. Pertanian, Budidaya Tanaman Krisan, 1st ed. Yogyakarta, [3] P. P. Dondapati and K. G. Rajulu, An Automated Multi Sensored Green House Management, Int. J. Technol. Explor. Learn., vol. 1, no. 1, pp , [4] X. Li, X. Cheng, K. Yan, and P. Gong, A Monitoring System for Vegetable Greenhouses based on a Wireless Sensor Network, Sensors, vol. 10, pp , [5] L. M. W. D.D.Chaudhary, S.P. Nayse, Application Of Wireless Sensor Networks For Greenhouse Parameter Control In Precision Agriculture, Int. J. Wirel. Mob. Networks, vol. 3, no. 1, pp , [6] A. Salleh, M. K. Ismail, L. Salahuddin, N. R. Mohamad, and M. Z. A. A. Aziz, Design of Low Cost Greenhouse Monitoring using ZigBee Technology, Int. J. Electron. Commun. Comput. Technol., vol. 3, no. 5, pp , [7] H. Hastriyandi, K. B. Seminar, H. Sukoco, D. C. Science, and B. Engineering, A Multi Sensor System For Temperature Monitoring In A Greenhouse Using Remote Communication, Int. J. Latest Res. Sci. Technol., vol. 3, no. 4, pp , [8] R. K. Nikhade and S. L. Nalbalwar, Monitoring Greenhouse using Wireless Sensor Network, Int. J. Adv. Comput. Res., vol. 3, no. 10, [9] M. Austerweil and A. Grinstein, Automatic Pesticide Application in Greenhouses, Phytoparasitica, vol. 25, pp , [10] K. S. Berezowski, The Landscape of Wireless Sensing in Greenhouse Monitoring and Control, Int. J. Wirel. Mob. Networks, vol. 4, no. 4, pp , [11] A. Ganguly, S. Ghosh, and W. Bengal, A Review of Ventilation and Cooling Technologies in Agricultural Greenhouse Application, Iran. J. Energy Environ., vol. 2, no. 1, pp , [12] Z. Li-ming, L. He-ping, and Z. Bing, The System of Water-Saving Irrigation based on WSN and MSIF, Int. J. Comput. Sci. Issues, vol. 9, no. 6, pp , [13] Y. W. Zhu, X. X. Zhong, and J.. Shi, The Design of Wireless Sensor Network System Based on ZigBee Technology for Greenhouse, in International Symposium on Instrumentation Science and Technology, 2006, vol. 48, pp [14] J. Hwang, C. Shin, and H. Yoe, A Wireless Sensor Network-Based Ubiquitous Paprika Growth Management System, Sensors, vol. 10, pp , [15] J. Jiao, H. Ma, Y. Qiao, Y. Du, W. Kong, and Z. Wu, Design of Farm Environmental Monitoring System Based on the Internet of Things, Adv. J. Food Sci. Technol., vol. 6, no. 3, pp , 2014.