BIOFILTER IN RECIRCULATION AQUACULTURE SYSTEM AN INTRODUCTION
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1 BIOFILTER IN RECIRCULATION AQUACULTURE SYSTEM AN INTRODUCTION MSc. Do Quang Tien Vuong VIDATEC Program DHI Vietnam 1 Why recirculate? Conserves water Permits high density culture in locations where space and or water are limiting Minimizes volume of effluent, facilitating waste recovery Allows for increased control over the culture environment, especially indoors Improved biosecurity Environmentally sustainable 1
2 Recirculating System Applications Broodstock maturation Larval rearing systems Nursery systems Nutrition and health research systems Short-term holding systems Ornamental and display tanks High density growout of food fish 3 Raceway in Cantho University A VIDATEC s outputs: 230m 3 x 2 raceway system 4 2
3 5 System Control Fine & Dissolved Solids Removal Disinfection & Sterilization Aeration & Oxygenation Water Quality, Loading, Culture Units, Species CO 2 Removal Biofiltration & Nitrification Waste Mgmt Solids Capture Hydraulics 6 3
4 Biofilters Come in All Shapes and Sizes Moving Bed Filters are low energy and compact Fluid Sand Beds are the most compact biofilter An RBC specifically designed for aquaculture Rotating Water Distribution Arm Water Inflow from Culture Tank Bead Filters combine nitrification with solids removal Trickling Filters are the work horse of aquaculture Low Pressure Air Inflow (RBC) Biofilter MediaPlastic Blocks or Plastic Rings Water Return to Culture Tank 5/13/ Trickling Filter Typical Design Nitrification Rate ExpoNet BioBlock m x 0.55m x 0.55 m each 200 m 2 / m g TAN / m 2 / day 90 g TAN / m 3 / day (Losordo et al.) Approx. 3 kg feed per day per cubic meter of media ($212 - $353 / cubic meter) Net
5 Biological Nitrification Moving Bed Reactors Water Inflow from Culture Tank Biofilter Media Mixed Plastic Beads Water Return to Culture Tank (RBC) Design Nitrification Rate g TAN / m 2 / day g / m 3 / day kg feed / day (Media Cost = US$ $1500 / m 3 ) KMT Copy SSA = 850 / m 2 / m 3?? KMT SSA = 500 / m 2 / m 3 B-Cell SSA = 650 / m 2 / m 3 9 Parameters to evaluate a filter media Different densities 3 densities High surface area 750 m 2 /m 3 High TAN conversation rate 532 g/m 3 RK BioElemen ts Price/TAN (kg) converted 10 5
6 Type of media Coarse sand ( mm) Specific surface area (m2/m3) Feed (g) processed per litre of media Bead filtration Bioballs Foam Media required (litres) per 100 g of feed Fibre mesh pads Corrugated structured packing Volcanic gravel Clay balls (LECA) Coarse gravel Specific surface area of selected biofilter media, including calculations of ammonia conversion of daily feeding, assuming 32 percent protein in feed (FAO, Technical paper 589) 11 Amonia (TAN) REDUCTION NH 3 +NH 4 NO 2 NO 3 Bacteria (autotroph) + Carbohydrate Shrimp Bacteria (heterotroph) Protein, Feed Protein N 2 + O 2 Shrimp biofloc/tss 6
7 Start-up curve for new filter 13 Ammonia conversion rates are greatly influenced by temp*. Fluidized bed sand filter: Volume of media (m³) m²/m³ Trickle filter: Surface area of media m²/m³ <20C = 0.65 kg/m³/day >25C = 1.25 kg/m³/day 15-20C g/m²/day >25C g/m²/day * Timmons and Ebling (2007) Recirculating Aquaculture 14 7
8 BIOFILTER CALCULATION TAN produced (kg/day) = 60 kg Feed/day x 40% Protein x 50% Nitrogen wasted x 0.16 g Nitrogen/g Protein x 1.2 g TAN/g Nitrogen TAN produced = 2.3 kg TAN/day Trickling filter: 90g TAN/m 3 /day (200m 2 /m 3 ), add 0.3m up and 1m down with the base of 2.5 m square, the biofilter is calculated as 5.3m high Moving bed filter: 350g TAN/m 3 /day, with 70% bio media and 0.3 m higher wall with the base of 2.5m diameter, the biofilter is calculated as 2.2m high See more at: 15 BIOFILTER CALCULATION RULE OF THUMB: TAN ~ 3-4% feed; 0,5g TAN/m 2 media/day, need to know m 2 /m 3 of media; Water circular minute for 100% tank volume. TRA catfish (g) Feed (%) BW to TILAPIA (g) Feed (%) BW to
9 Nitrosomonas & Nitrobacter specification These bacteria are aerobic and autotroph ph and > 5 ppm O 2. Sensitive with ph unsuitable, high ammonia, low DO, sulfur. Oxydization of NO 2 faster than Oxydization NH 4 This process uses alkalinity (Yoram Avnimelech, Biofloc Technology, 2009) Production losses / Growth loss occurs when: Oxygen levels drop below 5 mg/l (ppm) CO 2 levels exceed 25 mg/l (ppm) Ammonia levels exceed 0.03 mg/l (ppm) Solids are not removed from system quickly Biofilter media becomes clogged. 9
10 COMMON CHEMICAL USE 1 NO 2 need 6 Cl -, NO 2 <6 mg/l (ppm), 1 kg NaCl increase 1 ppm Chloride in 500 m 3 1 kg NaHCO 3 increase 10 ppm alkalinity in 55 m 3 max dose/day. Alkalinity ppm 0.25 kg NaHCO 3 for 1 kg feed 19 Biofloc Measure by cyclinder (Imhoff), wait for settling minute Tilapia: ml/l P.vannamei: ml/l Cacbon supplement (sugar, molases, starch, ) for hetero bacteria. Each kg feed 30-38% protein need kg sugar 20 10
11 Thank you Do Quang Tien Vuong MSc. DHI Vietnam Mobile:
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