Symposium on Organic Greenhouse Horticulture, Izmir
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1 Symposium on Organic Greenhouse Horticulture, Izmir Hermann Limbers
2 Organic Vegetable Seedling Production - Possibilities and Limits of Peat Reduced Growing Media -
3 Subjects 1. Introduction Klasmann-Deilmann Group 2. Organic regulations 3.Main constituents in substrates for organic plant production 4. Aspects about organic fertilizers 5. Organic issues
4 Klasmann-Deilmann is a flexible company, reacting always on new frameworks in its long history Turnover in Discovery of frozen through black peat Decrease of raw materials in Germany Substitution of peat Sustainability 1923 Construction power plant 1913 Extraction of energy peat 1936 Engineering 1970 Norit 2005 Distribution Asia, USA Start in Lithuania Substrates Supplier of energy peat Pioneer engineering World market leader Substrates Raw materials Substrates and energy Time
5 Business Areas Substrates Substrates, organic substrates and base substrates as well as peat products for professional growers Potting soils Growing media and soil improvers for hobby gardeners Renewable resources and energies Energy wood, wood fibre Composting Green residue compost Peat raw material White peat, black peat and industrial/energy peat
6 Organic Substrates for. Pot herbs
7 Organic Substrates for. Vegetable seedlings in trays
8 Organic Substrates for. Vegetable seedings in blocking substrates
9 Organic substrates - International markets Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI) International nonprofit organization OMRI Listed products are allowed for use in certified organic operations under the USDA National Organic Program All substrate components comply with: Regulation (EC) No 834/2007 Rules for implementation (EC)No 889/2008, app. I
10 Organic regulations 0 % EU Bio Regulation, KRAV (S) 20 % Bioland (D) : Young plants/pot herbs 30 % Demeter (D), Bio Swiss, Bio Austria: Young plants 50 % Bio Swiss: Pot herbs, ornamental plants - indoor 50 % Bioland, Demeter: Ornamental plants, shrubs and trees 70 % Bio Swiss: Herbs, ornamental plants, shrubs and trees - outdoor 100 % Soil Association (UK): Young plants/pot herbs (50 % from organic farming) Further demands for residues based on regulations from the food industry Many specific regulations about the use of fertilizers and additives, e.g. bone and blood meal, hydrolysed proteins, trace elements,.
11 Constituents for organic growing Peat moss Wood fibre Coco fibre Coir Eco (from organic farming) Expanded clay Volcanic stone/lava Perlite Clay Green compost
12 Constituents for organic growing Compost (quality criteria acc. RAL-GZ 251) Chloride: 20 vol.-% < mg/l 40 vol.-% < 500 mg/l Potassium: 20 vol.-% < mg/l 40 vol.-% < mg/l Zinc: < 150 mg/l Wood fibre (quality criteria acc. RAL-GZ 250/5-1) Nitrogen fixation: 20 vol.-% < 200 mg/l 40 vol.-% < 100 mg/l Organic coir (IMO certified from organic farming) High potassium level not buffered Risk of calcium deficiency
13 KD production of constituents - wood fibre Wood chips Thermical-physical process Sustainable Organic approval (EU 834/2007) Low salt content Low ph DE-021-Öko- Kontrollstelle
14 KD production of constituents green compost 100% green residues Composting process according RHP (NL) and R.A.L. (D) Batch control on heavy metals, human pathogens, residues of pesticides
15 KD production of constituents green compost Bio assay with 6 plant species Nutrient source for P, K, Mg, Ca, micro elements Suppressive effects on soil borne diseases Buffer for nutrients and ph-value Supporting mineralisation and nitrification of organic nitrogen
16 Peat moss is the base for growing media Use of raised bog peat worldwide Total global peatlands: 407,4 million ha = 3 % of the Earth s land surface In natural state 300 million ha = 86 % Peat extraction areas 0,2 million ha = 0.05 % of the world s total area of peatlands Totally extracted peat moss: 3
17 Organic fertilizers Horn shaves steamed, mm, 14 % N Organic N type processed potatoe protein, 14 % N (Phyto N) Organic NPK types, granulated residues from food and pet industry (normally containing blood and bone meal) Liquid NPK types Organic NPK types fermented residues, hydrolysed proteins Vegetable based
18 Fertilizers Patentkali K 2 SO 4 +MgSO 4, granulated, natural salt Epsom salt MgSO 4,, Micro elements Radigen (metal alloys) NaMo, chelated iron Green compost P and K, micro elements Raw phosphate
19 Organic fertilizers Mineralisation/nitrification Toxic side effects on germination and growth Sensitive plants Nmin-release of different organic fertilizers 300 Nmin (mg N/l substrate) Horn 0-2mm Horn 0-5mm Phyto N Phytoperls Weeks
20 Organic fertilizers Nmin release of different orgnaic fertilizers (NO 3 -N) 400 no fertilizer (NO3-N) [mg/l] Lack of nitrate "organic NPK fertilizer A' organic NPK fertilizer C feather meal organic NPK fertilizer B horn shaves 0-5mm potatoe protein weeks
21 Organic fertilizers Organic fertilizers feed larvae of fungus gnats Sciarids (adults)/pot no fertilizer mineral fertilizer Organic NPK Organic NPK Organic P fertilzer Organic NPK Phytoperls Horn shaves Protein (plant based) Klasmann 1 Klasmann 2 Klasmann 3 Control Various solid fertilizer New development
22 Organic issues Fungus gnat (sciarids) Pot herbs Cucumber young plants Substrate/ fertilizer Entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema) Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) Predatory mites (Hypoaspis sp.)
23 Organic issues sensitive crops 20% comp.+ org. fert. only NH4 NH4/NO3 Lettuce (germination) Genetics variety Seed treatments Temperature Lambs lettuce (germination) Genetics - variety Seed treatments Substrate humidity NH4/NO3 ratio - nitrification Chinese cabbage (growth) Genetics - variety Fertilizer level NH4/NO3 ratio - nitrification
24 Organic issues sensitive crops Pot herbs (germination) Thyme, Oregano, others Climate Salt level NH4/NO3 ratio - nitrification Cucumber young plants Climate Induced Ca-deficiency NH4/NO3 ratio - nitrification
25 Organic issues FOOD SAFETY Human pathogens Residues of pesticides Perchlorat Bromid Heavy metals High demands for new target values as requested for food, even below analytic detection levels!
26 Thank you for your attention
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