Sustainable packaging; role of nanotechnology. Dr. Gulden Yilmaz Jongboom Wageningen UR, NL

Transcription

1 Sustainable packaging; role of nanotechnology Dr. Gulden Yilmaz Jongboom Wageningen UR, NL

2 History Medieval stained glass and ancient pottery get some of their colors from nano-pigments Nanoscale gold particles for orange, red, or greenish color, depending on particle size

3 Outline Sustainability and sustainable packaging Nano-technology Relevance of nano-technology for packaging Current approaches Challenges Examples

4 Sustainability What does it mean? No specific definition Dictionary says: to maintain; to keep going continuously Strict international requirements on how the term is used in self declared environmental claims ISO 14021: Claims of sustainability shall not be made Sustainability is a journey not a destination People Planet Profit Social indicators Employment Involvement of different social sectors Social acceptance Environmental indicators Emissions Raw material consumption Fuel/energy consumption Total water consumption Waste generated Economic indicators Profitability Recycling and reuse Energy recovery ratio Geographical sales distribution Raw material consumption Trade of materials

5 Packaging Function is to contain, store, sort, organize, protect, promote or transport products or substances A short cycle product used in combination with other products and interacting with surrounding environment

6 Key consideration and influences Demographic and lifestyle changes Consumer perception and demands Influence of goverments and NGOs Technological developments Market for packaging materials expected to exceed $500 billion in sales Demand for materials & energy will increase Environmental impact will increase Especially with the growth in developing countries!

7 Our motivation for sustainability Limiting the environmental impact Security of supply of materials and resources Securing the market share; our business Meet and exceed the needs and expectations Sustainability is and will remain a key issue!

8 Sustainable packaging? No exact definition, but a vision* Beneficial and safe throughout its production and lifecycle for the community, environment and industry Designed holistically, with the product, to minimize the environmental impact of both Made from responsibly resourced materials Designed to be effective and safe throughout its life cycle Meet market criteria for performance and cost Meet consumer choice and expectations Be recovered efficiently after use wherever possible * Europen

9 Some inspiration.. Amigos International, (NL) selected a bio high-barrier film for to wrap its new range of chocolate Burgerville s (USA) launch new compostable econtainer soft drink cups; made by International Paper and uses PLA coating & lid for water barrier to create a waterresistant barrier. Atria (FI) implements Stora Enso s new DeLight fiberbased solution. Global Green USA s Coalition for Resource Recovery (CORR), Mountaire Farms, and Interstate Container now use recyclable, wax-alternative boxes in their largest poultry plant. They reduce costs and environmental impact.

10 Different strategies for sustainability Improved material and resources management Improved life cycle performance/end of life perspectives Added functionality Intelligent packaging (Communicative & active)

11 How can we do it? Raw material efficiency Raw material choice and use (fibre and other) Improved waste management Added value creation Process efficiency Conversion of raw materials Processes, processing aids Package efficiency/economic perspectives Better packages Less weight Possible savings Alternative/new applications

12 It means.. Maximize benefits with existing materials and processes New materials, processes and products Considering availability, sufficiency, economic and technical feasibility Nano-technology is a valuable tool in our toolbox

13 What is nanotechnology? Deals with the extreme miniaturization and creation of materials with a very fine structure. one or more dimension between 1 and 100 nanometers (1 nm = m) Ability to control or manipulate on atomic scale Unique properties & functions Dissecting a 1 cm cube of any material into 1 nm cubes increases the total combined surface area some ten million times.

14 Potentially a very large market hits on Google, on packaging! Over 15 billion USD invested in research employing researchers annually Various applications One estimate by the Lux Research says that 15% (by value) of all products will contain nanotechnology by the year 2014.

15 First publicly available database By Woodrow Wilson International Centre for Scholars As of March 10, 2011, the nanotechnology consumer products inventory contains 1317 products or product lines. As of March 2011, the inventory has grown by nearly 521% (from 212 to 1317 products) since it was released in March 2006.

16 Nanotechnology applications in packaging Three basic categories Enhancement of plastic materials barriers/other properties Incorporation of active components that can deliver functional attributes beyond those of conventional active packaging Sensing and signaling of relevant information

17 Current approaches Nano-coatings Mainly for barrier Nano-composites Barrier Other performance improvements/functionality Nano-additives Added functionality ( antimicrobial etc.) Processing aid Sensors, RFIDs, displays Quality enhancement Communication

18 Nano-coatings Applied mainly for barrier enhancement in packaging Produced using different technologies Vacuum deposition Evaporation, EB evaporation Plasma

19 Nano-coatings: Metallized film Replacement for foil laminates Not labeled as nano Generally Al but also other metals Many variations, different substrates (Pet and PP most common) Thickness nm

20 Nano-coatings: SiOx /AlOx coatings Different substrates ( PET, PP even PLA) Transparent films Different technologies for application nm thickness

21 Nano-coatings: Amorphous carbon Referred to as diamond like nm thick Sidel s Actis system (vacuum plasma), nm Mitsubishi Shoji Plastics, (radio frequency plasma), nm

22 Nano-composites Pioneering work by the Toyota group (Nylon/ clay) Nano particles and nanofibres/nanotubes Particular interest are the nano-clays (layered silicates) Other nano minerals available too (Calcium Carbonate, magnesium silicate) Benefits in packaging applications Mechanical properties (tensile and flexural) Barrier Flame retardancy Transparency

23 Nano-composites : Clay Most common montmorillonite Intercalated or exfoliated Various methods of preparation Intercalation of polymer and prepolymer from solution In situ intercalative polymerisation Melt mixing technique Different polymers, including biopolymers Commercial use mainly in barrier improvement

24 Clay dispersion in a polymer matrix

25 Nano-composites: Nano-fibres Polymeric nano-fibres Cellulose, PLA, other Carbon nano-tubes Use in high end applications Enhancement of barrier /mechanical properties Added functionality Controlled release of actives Conductivity Anti -theft

26 Nano-additives Wide rage of additives Benefits Added functionality Processing improvement

27 Nano- additives: Added functionality Active packaging Oxygen scavengers Controlled release Antimicrobial Silver-based Other inorganic (Chlorine dioxide) Organic (Nisin, chitosan, essential oils) Pigments

28 Nano- additives: Processing aid Wet end chemistry, paper industry Chemical water removal and retention systems, based on nanoparticle technology, i.e. growing silica monomers into clusters, are composed of at least two components of which one is nanoscale. This composition improves formation, retention, drainage, and dry strength. Sizing systems Polymer latexes Hyperbranched polymers

29 Sensors, RFID and Taggants Sensors Environmental, package /product conditions Temperature, oxygen, integrity Contaminants Bacteria, toxins RFIDs Track, trace, record history Active, have battery, send signal, very expensive Passive, energy from probing signal, much less expensive, can be read-only or read-write Taggants Encoded particles act as fingerprints

30 Increasing interest & research on Anticounterfeiting Sub-micrometermetallic barcodes incorporated into packaging Nanoparticle-based inks Miniature printed displays onto paper or foil Product information or instructions Energy from printable batteries or printed antennas Implementation of nanotechnology available elsewhere in packaging Drug delivery or sun screen technology

31 Challenges Understanding the materials Up-scaling production Economically feasible Unknown heath risks Unknown environmental risks Unknown impact end of life/recycling

32 Examples: BASF s polymer dispersions, containing polymeric nano particles used in coatings, adhesives, and in the finishing of paper, and controlled release of actives. Bayer Polymers Durethan KU packaging film, is a hybrid system that is enriched with an enormous number of silicate nanoparticles.

33 Examples: Miller Brewing Co. uses plastic beer bottles based on nanocomposites Imperm (nanocor) Hite Brewery Co. uses plastic beer bottles based on Aegis nylon 6 nanocomposite blend since late 2003

34 Examples: Kuraray is marketing Kurarister film; polymer nanocomposite coated pet and nylon films Ripesense is a ripeness sensor for fruits marketed in New Zeeland Microtrace supplys taggents incorporated in the coating system/ different delivery formats

35 Examples: Kodak is developing antimicrobial films that have the ability to absorb oxygen from the contents of the package. Kraft Foods is working on an electronic tongue consisting of an array of nanosensors for spoilage

36 Thank You! For more formation: Wageningen UR