University of Hertfordshire Carbon Management Programme Strategy and Implementation Plan March 2007

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1 University of Hertfordshire Carbon Management Programme Strategy and Implementation Plan 1 Produced by the University of Hertfordshire Environment Team in association with the Carbon Trust

2 University of Hertfordshire Carbon Management Programme Strategy and Implementation Plan Contents 2 Foreword by the Carbon Trust and University of Hertfordshire Executive summary 1 Introduction 2 Implementing carbon management 2.1 Context 2.2 Drivers 2.3 Past actions and achievements 2.4 Vision 2.5 Strategy 3 Emissions baseline and projections 3.1 Scope, methodology and limitations 3.2 Baseline 3.3 Projections 3.4 Carbon reduction target 4 Carbon management opportunities 4.1 Shortlisted actions and emission reduction opportunities 4.2 Implementation plan summary 5 Implementation plan financing 6 Stakeholder management and communications 6.1 Stakeholder management 6.2 Communications plan 7 SIP governance, ownership and management 7.1 Main roles and responsibilities 7.2 Risks and issues management 7.3 Benefits management 7.4 Financial management 7.5 Reporting and evaluation Appendix A: Individual actions Appendix B: External funding sources Appendix C: Stakeholder communication summary Appendix D: Summary of the carbon awareness questionnaire, 2007

3 3 University of Hertfordshire Carbon Management Programme Strategy and Implementation Plan Figures and tables Figure/Table Number and Title Page Figure 2.1: UK electricity market trends (The Energy Brokers 11 Ltd., January 2005) Figure 2.2: UK gas market trends (The Energy Brokers Ltd., January ) Table 2.1: Policies and projects relating to carbon management in the Higher 14 Education Sector Figure 2.3: The carbon management matrix to establish the status of carbon 19 management Box 3.1: Methodology and data limitations 21 Figure 3.1: The University of Hertfordshire s baseline manageable emissions 22 (tonnes of CO 2 / % total) Figure 3.2: The University of Hertfordshire s baseline carbon emissions from 23 electricity consumption in buildings (tonnes of CO 2 / % total) Figure 3.3: The University of Hertfordshire s baseline carbon emissions produced 23 from gas and LPG consumption in buildings (tonnes of CO 2 / % total) Figure 3.4: The University of Hertfordshire s baseline CO 2 emissions produced from 24 business travel by mode of transport (tonnes of CO 2 / % total) Figure 3.5: The University of Hertfordshire s baseline CO 2 emissions associated with 25 water consumption (tonnes of CO 2 / % total) Figure 3.6: The University of Hertfordshire s total baseline CO 2 emissions: 25 manageable and influence emissions (tonnes/ CO 2, % total) Figure 3.7: The University of Hertfordshire s CO 2 emissions under the business as 26 usual scenario Box 3.2: Assumptions made under the emissions business as usual scenario 27 Figure 3.8: The University of Hertfordshire s projected CO 2 emissions by source 27 under the business as usual scenario Figure 3.9: The University of Hertfordshire s cumulative projected CO 2 under the 28 business as usual scenario Figure 3.10: The University of Hertfordshire s projected total CO 2 emissions and 28 associated cost under the business as usual scenario. Box 3.3: Energy consumption by type and floor space occupied (m 2 ) in 2005/6 30 Table 4.1 Summary of short listed emission reduction opportunities 31 Table 4.2 Implementation plan summary 32 Table 4.3 Capital costs & savings and carbon reduction under current projects 33 presented in the SIP Figure 4.1 Carbon emissions under current projects presented in the SIP, predictions 34 under the business as usual scenario and the UH carbon reduction target. Table 7.1 Carbon management implementation plan: responsibility table. 40

4 4 Foreword from the Carbon Trust Cutting CO 2 emissions as part of the fight against climate change should be a key priority for universities it s all about getting your own house in order and leading by example. The Higher Education Carbon Management programme has been designed to assist universities like the University of Hertfordshire in saving money on energy and putting it to good use in other areas, whilst making a positive contribution to the environment by lowering their CO 2 emissions. The University of Hertfordshire was selected in 2006, amidst strong competition, to take part in this ambitious programme. As one of the most proactive HEI s in the UK in responding to the risks that climate change presents the University of Hertfordshire has joined the 33 universities across the UK who have to date partnered with the Carbon Trust on this programme in order to realise vast carbon and cost savings. This commits the University of Hertfordshire to a target of 20% reduction in CO 2 by 2012 and underpins potential financial savings of more than 1.1 million over 5 years. The Carbon Trust is very proud to support the University of Hertfordshire in their ongoing implementation of this Plan. Richard Rugg Public Sector Manager, The Carbon Trust

5 5 Foreword from the University of Hertfordshire The University s strategy for the next five years shows a clear commitment to embedding sustainability into our business model. It also develops new programmes specialising in sustainability which meets the skills necessary for advancing the prosperity of our region. Recognising the reality of climate change and the importance of cutting carbon emissions is an essential component of that sustainability agenda. The work undertaken by the Environment Team in their project with the Carbon Trust over the past year has produced a detailed understanding of the carbon footprint imposed by the University. The analysis and identification of ways by which that footprint can be reduced provides a significant resource that all parts of the University will be able to draw on in making the University s strategic vision a reality. Developing this commits us not only to the very practical target of a 20% reduction in our CO 2 emissions by 2012 but provides a clear demonstration that we are prepared to lead by example. The plan however is only the start of the journey. Over the next few years we will report our progress on a regular basis and demonstrate our commitment by turning the plan into reality. Terry Neville Deputy Vice Chancellor and Director of Finance

6 Executive Summary 6 The University of Hertfordshire s Carbon Management (UHCM) Programme is key to environmental management and performance at the University. All other environmental projects are interlinked. The programme offers the opportunity for the University to become a centre of excellence in carbon management. It will take its environmental management to the next level and ensure that the University maintains its position as a leader in this field. The UHCM Programme comes at a time when climate change is rising up the agenda in every sector of society. Carbon management has become a significant business consideration. A coherent programme to reduce carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) offers the University of Hertfordshire opportunities in marketing and branding. It meets and builds on existing internal policy commitments and makes good financial business sense. The carbon management projects presented in this Strategy and Implementation Plan (SIP) have good payback periods, especially given the background of increasing energy and fuel prices. Also, as national and higher education sector policy for carbon management increases, action on this issue is more important than ever. This SIP presents the University of Hertfordshire s carbon footprint. This is the amount of CO 2 that it is associated with its energy use in buildings, transport, waste disposal and water use. It proposes an initial set of projects to systematically reduce CO 2 emissions from these activities. Organisational, financial and governance requirements are put forward. The University s CO 2 emissions are presented for its baseline year 2005/6. Calculations are made for its manageable emissions, those that it can directly control, and for emissions that it can influence. Its manageable baseline emissions, those for energy use in buildings, business travel, waste disposal and water use are 24,232 tonnes of CO 2. The emissions that it can influence, are produced from commuter travel to and from the University, and amount to 47,739 tonnes of CO 2. Combined, the University s baseline carbon footprint is 71,971 tonnes of CO 2. Business Travel, 4879/20 Other, 505/2 Energy use in buildings, 18847/26 Other, 505/ 1 Energy use in buildings, 18847/78 Commuting, 47739/66 Business Travel, 4879/ 7 The University of Hertfordshire s baseline manageable CO 2 emissions (tonnes of CO 2 / % total) The University of Hertfordshire s total baseline CO 2 emissions: manageable and influence emissions (tonnes of CO 2 / % total) The University of Hertfordshire currently incurs costs of around 4.25million per year due to its CO 2 emitting activities. Projections are made on the change in CO 2 emissions and their associated costs, given a business as usual scenario. Unless the University implements a carbon management programme, it is expected that in 5 years time its emissions will have increased by 9% against its baseline, adding over 400,000 to its annual costs. This does not take into account expected increases in energy prices.

7 7 This SIP sets a target of a 20% reduction in its manageable CO 2 emissions against its baseline year. The initial projects to achieve this target set are a range of organisational, long-term enablement actions, direct emissions projects and no or low cost emission reduction actions. The target takes into account the working nature of this SIP. Existing opportunities will need to evolve and new ones will need to be added over the five-year life span of the SIP. The projects presented have an overall payback period of less than 4 years. The total savings over the 5 years of this SIP are over 700,000. To this, the 400,000 in extra costs that would have been incurred under the business as usual scenario needs to be added. This gives a total projected saving of over 1.1 million over 5 years. The savings made in the final year of the SIP also continue to be made for every year after that according to the life span of the technology or initiative put in place. Capital costs and savings are presented in the table below. In order for projects to take place, internal funding is required. In many cases this can be supported by external funding opportunities on a partnership basis. The University of Hertfordshire Carbon Management Programme capital costs & savings over the 5 year SIP. BAU=business as usual scenario Total Estimated Capital Expenditure: 1,675,630 06/07 savings 07/08 savings 08/09 savings 09/10 savings 10/11 savings 11/12 savings Cumulative Total Annual 327, , , , ,850 2,376,496 savings ( ) - Estimated savings against BAU scenario: 402,527 Total estimated savings: 1,103,393 CO 2 reduction (tonnes) 4,028 5,605 6,697 6,697 6,697 29,724 (BAU) - Stakeholder management and communication is key to the success of the UHCM Programme. A wide range of internal stakeholders have been engaged and consulted throughout the programme planning process. This will continue throughout the five year implementation process, with the SIP being directed by new project ideas from the stakeholder group. A communications plan is an important outcome of this SIP. This will detail a plan for continued stakeholder engagement and input. It will also set out plans for a major awareness campaign to start from the academic year 07/08. This will be aimed at promoting behavioural change amongst staff and students to increase energy efficiency, reduce waste and water use and to encourage more sustainable travel options. The UHCM Programme requires strategic governance, ownership and management at the University. This SIP sets out key roles and responsibilities for the programme. Ultimately the success of the programme is governed by the Office of the Vice Chancellor representative and the Board of Governors. They are supported by the Environment Team and a proposed Environment Committee. These groups will be responsible for implementing, directing, reviewing and reporting on the programme. The UHCM Programme requires that a carbon culture is created at the University for this SIP to achieve its vision: The University of Hertfordshire will work towards becoming a centre of excellence in carbon management. It will make carbon reduction a long-term strategical objective and embed good practice within the organisation. It will encourage and support all sectors of the University to take ownership and responsibility for projects and initiatives to reduce CO 2 emissions.

8 8 1.0 Introduction The University of Hertfordshire s Carbon Management (UHCM) Programme will form the cornerstone of its environmental management over the coming years. The programme aims to quantify and systematically reduce the University s carbon footprint. This is the amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) produced from its activities such as energy use in buildings, transport, waste disposal, and water use. The UHCM Programme has been designed and planned in association with the Carbon Trust, as part of its Higher Education Carbon Management (HECM) Programme. The Carbon Trust is an independent company funded by the Government. It helps businesses and the public sector reduce carbon emissions. The HECM Programme is based on extensive experience in more than 70 organisations including universities, manufacturing and service sector companies, property management, the health sector and in local government. This Strategy and Implementation Plan (SIP) presents the findings of the UHCM planning process. Assisted by the Carbon Trust, this has taken part in a number of stages from mobilising the organisation, gathering data to understand CO 2 emissions and identifying and quantifying project opportunities. This SIP covers a five-year period, from the start of the academic year 2007/8 until the end of the academic year 2011/12. It implements the project plan, produced in August 2006, and is intended to: present the context and business case for carbon management at the University; establish the University s baseline CO 2 emissions; quantify emissions reduction opportunities and projects, in terms of cost, financial benefit, and carbon reduction; set targets, prioritise and schedule projects for the measurable reduction of CO 2 emissions; and define and communicate the roles and responsibilities of individuals at all levels so that the plan will be delivered and reviewed, and benefits measured. Progress on this SIP will be reported on a quarterly basis via the reporting line presented below. Approval at each stage of the project will be from the Office of the Vice Chancellor Representative, Terry Neville Office of the Vice Chancellor Representative - Terry Neville, Deputy Vice Chancellor Project Sponsor - Clive Thomas, Director of Health Safety and Environment Project Leader - Michelle Dixon, Environmental Advisor

9 9 2. Implementing carbon management 2.1 Context The University of Hertfordshire (UH) is well established in environmental management. It has been sited by the Environmental Association for Universities and Colleges (EAUC) as one of the top environmental performing universities in the UK. Members of the University s Environment Team have been part of the EAUC Executive Committee and have produced high profile projects for the Association over recent years. Best practice case studies have been written about Environmental Management at UH by the Higher Education Partnership for Sustainability (HEPS) and People and Planet. UH was highly commended for Sustainable Building, Transport and Biodiversity in the Higher Education Environmental Performance improvement (HEEPI) Green Gown Awards in 2005 and The Environment Team also featured in the 2004/5 UH Annual Review and already meets the four criteria set out by People & Planet s go green campaign: 1. The active, public support of senior university management. 2. Full-time staff dedicated to environmental management. 3. A written, publicly available environmental policy. 4. A comprehensive review to investigate all the environmental impacts of the institution. Following a recent restructuring process and as sustainability rises up the agenda at the University, The Environment Team supported by the Deputy Vice Chancellor and Board of Governors is eager to take environmental management to the next level. To do this, it is focusing on project-based initiatives, rather than trying to reinvent the wheel. The University is embarking on its carbon management programme at a time when climate change is becoming a high profile issue for national and local government, businesses and organisations. A wide range of UK strategies, programmes, legislation, regulation and guidance now exist that push all sectors of society to reduce CO 2 emissions. Campaigns and media coverage on climate change are increasing in number and scale. The public now expect responsible businesses and organisations to take action on climate change and stakeholders are increasingly demanding action. It has become a major marketing strategy to demonstrate good environmental performance. Also, as energy costs rapidly rise, it makes good business sense to reduce consumption. Policies, strategies, and environmental management systems are being adopted accordingly.

10 Drivers The key drivers for the UHCM Programme are: reputation, branding and marketing; internal policy commitments; costs; and external factors: strategies, legislation and regulations. Reputation, branding and marketing The University of Hertfordshire has the opportunity to gain significant reputation, branding and marketing benefits from its carbon management programme. UH is already well known as a leading University in environmental management. The implementation of the UHCM Programme could allow it to lead in the emerging trend of responding to climate change. The University would be able to market itself as a centre of excellence in carbon management. With the introduction of variable fees; market position, brand management, the perceptions of prospective students in terms of status, values and innovation, and market share are crucial for the University. Carbon management requires an innovative, high-quality approach to campus buildings and management, and this can align with values and impressions gained by prospective students. Some Universities have already gained significant benefits from green marketing. The University of Bradford, for example, has recently received widespread national coverage for its brand named Ecoversity project. The project boasts investment of over 70 million to create an energy efficient, sustainable student village with the expectation that long-term savings will offset the initial cost. HEFCE and many sector bodies such as the EAUC are active in promoting achievements in environmental performance. Carbon management is increasingly becoming a focus issue for them. Also as the EU Energy Certification Buildings Directive is implemented in the UK, energy certificates will need to be displayed on all public buildings. This will immediately show how buildings are performing on energy use. The UHCM Programme should also be seen as a significant lever to increase the University s reputation and profile in the local community. The University would also be able to market itself as providing a sustainable model for future generations. It could combine any CO 2 emission reduction solutions with related academic research and education.

11 11 Internal policy commitments Implementing a carbon management programme at the University of Hertfordshire fulfils a wide range of existing policy and strategy commitments. It offers the opportunity to consolidate these and take them to the next level, through a focussed, coordinated, project based approach. The Development of the University s Strategic Plan includes sustainability as one of it key facets. As part of its strategic development, it commits to: Embed sustainability into our business model and ethos at the University The University of Hertfordshire adopted an Environmental Policy in This replaced lengthy sustainable development statements. Since this time, an Environment Team has been in operation to implement the Environmental Policy. The Policy makes a commitment to: preventing pollution, minimising waste and promoting resource efficiency including energy, transport and water use associated with day-to-day activities and new developments. Following a recent review of the Environmental Policy, the 2007 update makes a new commitment to: Responding to climate change by reducing the University s carbon footprint though a systematic programme of projects and initiatives. Commitments have also been made in the Sustainable Purchasing Policy, adopted in One commitment is to: Educating suppliers concerning the University s sustainable objectives, which include preventing pollution, minimising waste, preserving natural resources and promoting resource efficiency. The UH Travel Plan was adopted in It primarily aims to reduce single occupancy car travel to and from the University. It commits to: Reduce environmental, social and business impacts associated with transport use by reducing unnecessary journeys to and from University campuses made by single occupancy passenger vehicles. Promote sustainable integrated transport and raise awareness of travel choices. In April 2006, the University produced a draft Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) report. The report focused on sustainability as a major component of the University s CSR. In the report Terry Neville, Deputy Vice Chancellor and Director of Finance stated that: We are committed towards improving our environmental performance We continue to be a leading best practice example for the Higher Education sector.

12 Oct-00 Apr-01 Oct-01 Apr-02 Oct-02 Apr-03 Oct-03 Apr-04 Oct-04 Apr-05 Oct-05 University of Hertfordshire 12 The University s Waste and Recycling Strategy was produced in draft version in August This proposed a strategy and action plan to reduce the financial and environmental costs of waste disposal by landfill, through waste minimisation and recycling. A target of 40% of UH waste recycled has been set for Draft Sustainable Building, Renovation and Demolition Guidance for UH was produced in October This sets out guidelines to reduce the University s energy consumption in buildings, incorporate low carbon technology and set CO 2 emissions targets for new buildings. Costs Carbon management is fundamentally about effective use of the University s resources. It is simply good estates management. Employing carbon reduction and energy efficiency measures can be extremely cost effective with short payback periods. Carbon emitting activities are becoming increasingly costly. Figures 2.1 and 2.2 show the price increase for electricity and gas. It is uncertain how energy prices will change in the future, mainly due to the instability of oil producing countries, but an annual increase of at least 5%-10% is expected. The University was subject to a price increase by approximately 60% for gas and around 35% for electricity during The costs of fuel are similarly affected and uncertain. The price of both unleaded petrol and diesel increased by just over 70% between 1996 and 2006, with a 10% increase seen since The cost of disposing of waste by landfill are increasing annually. In April 2006, Landfill Tax increased by 16.7% to 21 per tonne. This is set to increase annually, to a minimum long-term rate of 35. Haulage costs for general waste are also increasing. There was a 10% increase in haulage charges to the University from Onyx (now Veolia), in April Haulage charges for recyclables remain unchanged. /MWh 60 October 12 month electricity renewals (flat wholesale) NB data includes RO charged at the following rates; 3% from 01/04/02-31/03/03, 4.3% from 01/04/03-31/03/04, 4.9% from 01/04/04-31/03/05, 5.5% from 01/04/05-31/03/06, 6.7% from 01/04/06-31/03/07 & 7.9% from 01/04/07-31/03/08 Figure 2.1 UK electricity market trends (The Energy Brokers Ltd., January 2005)

13 Oct-00 Apr-01 Oct-01 Apr-02 Oct-02 Apr-03 Oct-03 Apr-04 Oct-04 Apr-05 Oct-05 University of Hertfordshire 13 P/Th 70 October 12 month gas contract renewals (flat wholesale) Figure 2.2: UK gas market trends (The Energy Brokers Ltd., January 2005). External factors: strategies, legislation and regulations UK Climate Change Policy The UK government has developed its Climate Change Programme to tackle climate change. Major policies and initiatives established in the UK include the: Kyoto Protocol commitment to a 12.5% cut from 1990 CO 2 emissions levels by 2010, with a further domestic goal of a 20% cut by the same year; Introduction of the Climate Change Levy (see below); UK Emissions Trading Schemes (ETS) (now superseded by the EU ETS); Renewables Obligation; Energy Efficiency Commitment (EEC); Establishment of The Carbon Trust (i.e. research and marketing of low carbon technologies); Establishment of the UK Climate Impacts Programme and the Tyndall Centre (i.e. adaptation to climate change); and Launching of the Hadley Centre for Climate Research (i.e. accurate prediction of climate change and impact of mitigation measures).

14 14 The new policies have introduced further opportunities to academia. A substantial amount of research and education funding for climate change research has been allocated to HEI s through: the three Research Councils the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and through the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), and government funded organisations - the Carbon Trust, The UK Climate Impacts Programme (CIP) and the Tyndall and Hadley Centres. The UK Climate Change Programme The UK s Climate Change Programme was updated in This document puts significant emphasis on the public sector to take a leadership role in CO 2 emissions reduction. The HE sector is mentioned specifically because of its ability to leverage long-term low carbon outcomes through the education of students and its thought leadership in local, national and international networks. The UK Government s Energy Review Following the publication of the government s Energy Review in July 2006, DEFRA has undertaken a consultation on measures to reduce CO 2 emissions in the large non-energy intensive business and public sector, including universities. Two options are proposed; a mandatory emissions trading scheme and a system of voluntary benchmarking and reporting. It is possible that a combination of the two measures will be most appropriate to offer the required carbon savings of 1.2 MtC / year by The University of Hertfordshire would be covered by the proposals as a public sector organisation that annually uses more than 3,000 MWh of electricity. UK Building Regulations New regulations under the UK Building Regulations (Part L) came into force in April These stem from the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive. They require a 28% increase in the energy performance of buildings over the 2002 regulations. Requirements include: maximum CO 2 emissions for buildings; limits on design flexibility; limits on summer solar gain in non-air conditioned buildings; encouragement of the use of low or zero carbon systems; more attention to as built performance; and an energy log book. The Climate Change Levy (CCL) Most of Higher Educational Institutions (HEI s) energy consumption (electricity, gas and oil) is taxed under the CCL. The CCL typically has resulted in additional energy costs to HEI s of between 10-15%, depending on the energy source. Local Policy Sustainability and climate change is becoming a key driver for local Councils and they are starting to insist on sustainability components for planning applications. HEI s also have an opportunity to engage with local government to pursue low carbon activity. They are often very

15 15 significant local players, responsible for economic activity and employment, and with a strong influence on local culture and identity. HE Sector Policy The sustainability agenda has increasingly gained importance and priority in the Higher Education Sector over the last ten years. The sector has produced or has been exposed to policies and projects that directly or indirectly address carbon emission reductions (See table 2.1). The most recent development is the Higher Education Funding Council for England s (HEFCE) strategy Sustainable development in higher education. This builds on consultation responses to the draft Sustainable Development Strategy and Action Plan. The purpose of the Strategy is to demonstrate HEFCE s (and DfES s) commitment and intention to support sustainability across the HE sector in England. The strategy states that: We (HEFCE) view the adoption of carbon management as one way in which institutions can begin the transition to sustainable development. It is also an ideal way of demonstrating this transition to external stakeholders, including funders and students. Table 2.1 Policies and projects relating to carbon management in the Higher Education Sector Date Publication/Event 1993 The Toyne Report Environmental responsibility: An Agenda for FHE an expert committee report in response to 1990 White Paper 1996 Environmental responsibility: A review of the 1993 Toyne Report. DfES 1996 VFM (Value for money) Energy Management Study HE21 A two year project run by the Forum for the Future in partnership with 25 HEI s HEFCE Environmental report and Workbook produced jointly with Universities UK (UUK) and the Standing Conference of Principals (SCOP). Government Action Plan A Better Quality of Life: A strategy for Sustainable Development for the UK HEPS (Higher Education Partnership for Sustainability) A three year project run by Forum for the Future in partnership with 18 HEI s and with 1 million support from the Funding Councils HEEPI project at Bradford University on Environmental Improvement and Benchmarking funded by HEFCE 2002 Framework for Sustainable Development on the Government Estate Learning to last draft Sustainable Development Education Strategy prepared by the Sustainable Development Education Panel chaired by Sir Geoffrey Holland House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee report Learning the Sustainability Lesson 2003 DfES Sustainable Development Action Plan for Education and Skills 2003 VFM (Value for Money) Energy Management for Higher Education Report update of the 1996 version 2005 HEFCE s policy statement: Sustainable development in higher education

16 Past actions and achievements Basic good practice in carbon management already exists at UH. All future work should build on and complement what has already been done. The Department of Estates has undertaken a range of work to improve energy and water efficiency. They have also worked with the Environment Team to increase recycling rates and improve waste management. The Environment Team have increased awareness to reduce energy use and encourage more sustainable travel choices. The Environment Team is supported by staff Environment Reps and student EcoReps. Energy use The Department of Estates undertakes energy efficiency work in the interests of good financial best practice. Some of their ongoing work includes: integration of energy efficiency features in new buildings; maintenance of boilers, site maps and records; end of life heating and lighting equipment replacement with more energy efficient options; a feasability study into the manual lighting in the College Lane Learning Resource Centre (LRC); a study on working times and locations; and movement lighting sensors at appropriate locations. The Environment Team have: advised on energy efficiency in new buildings; undertaken preliminary mapping of sub-meters; undertaken energy surveys; taken regular meter readings on Roberts Way, Halls of residence with a view to holding energy efficiency competitions; distributed turn it off stickers and energy awareness leaflets; and promoted energy efficiency at events and through the University s internal press, intranet and Environment Team web site. Waste Through increasing recycling facilities and encouraging waste minimsation the Department of Estates and Environment Team has increased the reycling rate from 5% in 2002/3 to 31% in 2005/6. Water Through leak detection and repairs the Department of Estates cut the University s annual water consumption by over a quarter in 2005.

17 17 Transport A Travel Plan has been in operation since 2003, employing a full time Travel Plan Coordinator. A number of schemes are in place to reduce single occupancy vehicle use including new routes on the unō network and the improvement of car sharing, cycle and walkway options and facilities. 2.4 Vision The University of Hertfordshire will work towards becoming a centre of excellence in carbon management. It will make carbon reduction a long-term strategical objective and embed good practice within the organisation. It will encourage and support all sectors of the University to take ownership and responsibility for projects and initiatives to reduce CO 2 emissions. The University is committed to reducing its CO 2 emissions by 20% between 2007 and 2012, against its baseline. 2.5 Carbon management strategy The UHCM Programme will focus on carbon management relating to: energy use in buildings including water consumption and outside lighting; waste generation and recycling; and travel and transport. The primary objective of the UHCM Programme is to reduce CO 2 emissions by 20% against its baseline through a systematic programme of activities in the short, medium and long term. The strategy to achieve this is set out below. It is based around the areas and levels set out in the carbon management matrix (See figure 2.3). The matrix indicates the level of achievement at: a) the start of the UHCM Programme planning process in July 2006 b) the completion of this SIP in ; and c) the end of the SIP time period, given the implementation of the proposed strategy and opportunities Strategical input will be made in the following areas: policy; organisation; information and data; communication and training; finance; and monitoring and evaluation.

18 18 Policy Climate change commitments will be integrated into existing policies, strategies and plans at the University, including the Strategic Plan, the Environmental Policy, the Sustainable Purchasing Policy and the Travel Plan. New policies will be produced and implemented covering energy, waste management and sustainable construction. These will focus on climate change issues. Objectives, targets and action plans will be set on climate change related policies as part of the University s EcoCampus Environmental Management System. Organisation An Environment Committee will be formed, to include senior representatives from the Department of Estates, the Environment Team and University Academics. The Committee will focus on improving performance in carbon management relating to energy, waste, water and transport. The Environment Committee will report to the Deputy Vice Chancellor, Terry Neville who has ultimate responsibility for achieving commitments on carbon management. The Environmental Advisor will also report to the Health and Safety Consultative Committee on behalf of the Environment Committee. The Environmental Working Group, made up of members of staff throughout the University, will report on progress in carbon management on a departmental level to the Environmental Advisor. Working groups will be established or maintained in key carbon management areas. The Environment Team will implement the HECM Programme and all policies relating to climate change. Opportunities workshops will be held annually to collate new opportunities for carbon management. The Environment Team will prioritise the most effective ways of reducing CO 2 emissions at the University in the short, medium and long term.

19 19 Information and data CO 2 emissions will be collated for all the main sources included in the baseline year at the end of each subsequent academic year. Data will be annually verified by an external consultant. Data will be made publicly available. Communication and training The Environment Team, supported by the Environmental Working Group and EcoReps will: Work in partnership with all sectors of the University community to promote ownership and responsibility of carbon management. Implement a formalised communication and training plan for all staff and students on carbon management, to be updated annually. Finance The Director of Health, Safety and Environment will secure an internal annual budget and external funds, as available for carbon management. The Environmental Advisor will maintain a database of funding sources and their application and eligibility criteria. Updates from the main funding bodies will be subscribed to by . Monitoring and evaluation The Environment Team will review the UHCM Programme and its projects on a monthly basis to: Ensure that the overall Programme and its projects are being implemented effectively. Provide updates to stakeholders on progress and maintain their support. The UHCM Programme and all climate change related policies, objectives, targets and action plans will be reviewed annually by the Environment Committee to: Enable the programme to be improved and optimised. Ensure projects are meeting strategic objectives and moving towards the University s carbon management vision. Ensure that the benefits of individual projects and the programme as a whole are measured and communicated.

20 20 Figure 2.3 The Carbon Management Matrix to establish the status of carbon management ( = start of the UHCM planning process in July 2006, = the completion of the SIP in, = the end of the SIP time period, given the implementation of the proposed strategy and opportunities) POLICY ORGANISATION INFORMATION AND DATA COMMUNICATION AND TRAINING 5 Specific sustainability / climate change policy with targets signed off and implemented. Action plan with clear goals and regular reviews to confirm actions undertaken and targets achieved/being progressed. 4 Specific sustainability / climate change policy with targets developed and signed off, but not implemented 3 Sustainability / Climate change included in wider policy documents 2 Sustainability / Climate change as an aspiration in non-policy documents 1 No sustainability / climate change policy or strategy and no mention of climate change in policy/strategy documents Accountabilities for sustainability /climate change defined at senior level, e.g. senior Sustainability / climate change responsibilities integrated into responsibilities of relevant people in different departments, e.g. Teaching, Finance, Estates Sustainability / climate change responsibilities integrated into responsibilities of relevant people in different departments, e.g. Teaching, Finance, Estates Sustainability / climate change/ carbon management is part-time responsibility of moderate ranking personnel, e.g. Energy Manager, Sustainability/Environment Officer Sustainability / climate change/carbon management is part-time responsibility of low ranking personnel No individual with responsibility for sustainability / climate change issues CO 2 emissions compiled for all main HEI sources for a baseline year and regular collation of annual emissions data. Data externally verified. CO 2 emissions compiled for all main HEI sources for a baseline year (i.e. buildings, transport and commuting, etc. Data internally reviewed. CO 2 emissions data compiled for some sources for a baseline year (e.g. buildings) and source data available for other sources (e.g. transport) No CO 2 emissions data compiled for any sources but energy data compiled on a regular basis No CO 2 emissions data compiled for any sources and energy data not compiled on a regular basis Formalised communication and training plan for all staff on carbon and energy related matters, including integration in induction and other normal training processes. Communication on carbon and energy related matters with the academic and student body and other key business partners Formalised communication and training plan for all staff on carbon and energy related matters, including integration in induction and other training, and awareness raising Ad hoc communication and training delivered to all staff/students on carbon and energy related matters Communication and training to specific groups in the HEI (e.g. environment team) on carbon/energy related matters No communication or training to staff/students on carbon or energy related matters FINANCE Use of innovative external funding mechanisms for carbon related projects. Development of internal financing mechanisms, e.g. self sustaining fund, specifically for carbon related projects Strategic plan for developing internal financing mechanisms and obtaining funds from external sources Some internal financing on an ad hoc basis for carbon and/or energy efficiency related projects Review conducted on applicable external funding sources Some internal financing on an ad hoc basis for carbon and/or energy efficiency related projects No internal financing or funding for carbon and/or energy efficiency related projects MONITORING & EVALUATION Management Review of carbon management process by senior management. Regular reviews by core team on progress with carbon management. Regular reviews on progress with carbon management (e.g. review of actions, check against emissions profile and targets, addition of new opportunities etc.) Ad hoc assessment of all aspects of carbon/energy policies/strategies, targets and action plans Ad hoc reviews of specific aspects of carbon/energy policies/strategies, targets and action plans No monitoring of carbon/energy policies/strategies, targets and action plans

21 Emissions baseline and projections 3.1 Scope, methodology and limitations Scope The scope of the University s baseline emission calculations includes the CO 2 produced from energy use in buildings (and its associated outdoor lighting), transport, water use and waste disposal. Excluded from the baseline are carbon emissions associated with the purchase and delivery of products and services at the University. Such emissions are not directly measurable. Generalised carbon emission savings associated with improved purchasing practice will be reported as part of the UH Sustainable Purchasing Project. Carbon emissions associated with subsidiary companies at independent locations and Titan Court are not included. These areas could be a focus for future student projects. Also not included is the small fleet of estates vehicles, as data was not available. Data is being compiled from 07/08. The baseline emissions are split into 2 categories: 1) Manageable emissions. This includes energy use in buildings, waste, water, business travel and unō, the University Bus Company. The University, through changes to business practice, can directly control these emissions. Carbon emissions produced from electricity, gas, water use and waste disposal are calculated for the College Lane and de Havilland Campuses, the Fielder Centre, Meridian House, Bayfordbury Field Station, the Law School and de Havilland House. Business travel emissions include travel by all modes used by employees undertaking University business. 2) Influence emissions. This includes commuter travel only. The University can influence these emissions but cannot directly manage them. These emissions, although important are not included in the carbon management programme. A Travel Plan exists to influence behavioural change. The methodology used in calculating the baseline and associated limitations is presented in box 3.1

22 Box 3.1 Methodology and data limitations 22 Data presented on CO 2 emissions relating to electricity, gas (including Gas and Liquid Petroleum Gas), water and waste are sub divided between teaching, residential and other buildings (the Fielder Centre, Mercer Building and the de Havilland Sports and Social club). Sub-metering is not currently adequate to allow further sub-divisions. Electricity Electricity data has been collated primarily using Half Hourly (HH) meter readings. Around 80% of the University s consumption is recorded by HH meter readings. Where the meter is Non-Half Hourly (NHH), estimates and manual readings were used. Gas and Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) Gas and LPG data is taken from invoices. Where there is an estimated reading, manual readings were taken to monitor bill accuracy. Water The data for water is taken from monthly meter readings and bills recorded by the University s water supplier. Waste Data is presented from pay by weight statistics provided by the University s waste management company. The following items are not included in waste data for the baseline year: Waste and redundant electrical equipment Fridges and cookers Printer and toner cartridges Halogen light bulbs These items are now included within the waste management contract. Pay by weight figures will be submitted from the beginning of Waste and recycling rates should show an increase because of this. Transport Data on business travel using public transport or personal car use has been estimated using a sample of 10% of employee expense returns, which was based on an audit undertaken within the University. Data on employees using hire cars and flights abroad or within the UK is taken from travel claim forms. The University owned bus company unō is included in business travel. The company has provided data on fleet mileage. Assumptions have been made on the size of engines, type of fuel used and distances travelled by hire cars and air flights. In the case of hire cars, medium sized petrol engine cars were assumed. Flight data was calculated using mean distances to Europe and international destinations, set at 800 and 8,000 miles respectively. CO 2 emissions from commuting were calculated using data from the annual commuter survey conducted as part of the University s Travel Plan.

23 3.2 Emissions baseline 23 The baseline for the UHCM Programme is the academic year 2005/6. The University s manageable baseline emissions, for energy use in buildings, business travel, unō bus travel, water use and waste disposal are 24,232 tonnes of CO 2. Figure 3.1 shows that energy use in buildings accounted for 78% (18,847 tonnes/ CO 2 ), business travel 20% (4,879 tonnes/ CO 2 ) and other activities (waste and water) 2% (505 tonnes/ CO 2 ). Business Travel, 4879/20 Other, 505/2 Energy use in buildings, 18847/78 Figure 3.1: The University of Hertfordshire s baseline manageable emissions (tonnes of CO 2 / % total) Manageable carbon emissions by area Energy use in buildings: electricity Baseline electricity consumption is 28,504 MWh. This produced 12,257 tonnes of CO 2. Figure 3.2 shows that teaching areas accounted for 53% (6,453 tonnes/ CO 2 ), residences 35% (4,332 tonnes/ CO 2 ) and other buildings 12% (1472 tonnes/ CO 2 ). This cost the University 1,852,778.

24 24 Other, 1472/12 Residential, 4332/35 Teaching, 6451/53 Figure 3.2 The University of Hertfordshire s baseline carbon emissions from electricity consumption in buildings (tonnes of CO 2 / % total) Energy use in buildings: gas & liquid petroleum gas (LPG) Baseline gas & LPG consumption is 34,576 MWh. This produced tonnes of CO 2. Figure 3.3 shows that teaching sites accounted for 64% (4,883 tonnes/ CO 2 ), residences, 23% (1,717 tonnes/ CO 2 ) and other buildings 13% (951 tonnes/ CO 2 ). This cost the University 552,355. Other, 951/13 Residential, 1717/23 Teaching, 4883/64. Figure 3.3 The University of Hertfordshire s baseline carbon emissions produced from gas and LPG consumption in buildings (tonnes of CO 2 / % total)

25 25 Business travel Baseline CO 2 emissions from business travel are 1,058 tonnes. Figure 3.4 shows that flights (international and national) accounted for 57% (602 tonnes/ CO 2 ), car travel 33% (347 tonnes/ CO 2 ), hire cars 2% (24 tonnes/ CO 2 ), buses 7% (71 tonnes/ CO 2 ) and train travel just under 1% (14 tonnes/ CO 2 ). Car (Hire), 24/2 Bus (Business), 71/7 Rail (Business), 14/1 Car (Personal), 347/33 Flights (International), 578/55 Flights (National) 24/2 Figure 3.4: The University of Hertfordshire s baseline CO 2 emissions produced from business travel by mode of transport (tonnes of CO 2 / % total) unō unō emitted 3,821 tonnes of CO 2 from all its journeys, totalling 3,829,942 miles. Total passenger journeys during 2005/6 were 2,612,050 miles. This is the equivalent of 1.5kg of CO 2 per passenger during that year. Water Water consumption in 2005/6 was 278,203m 3, this resulted in the production of tonnes of CO 2. Figure 3.5 shows that use in residences accounted for 54% (56 tonnes/co 2 ), teaching for 35% (36 tonnes/co 2 ) and other buildings for 11% (12 tonnes/co 2 ). Waste The University produced a total of 1,302 tonnes of waste in 2005/6. From this, 407 tonnes were recycled and 895 tonnes were sent to landfill. The disposal of this waste resulted in 400 tonnes of CO 2 emissions.

26 26 Other, 12/11 Teaching, 36/35 Residential, 56/54 Figure 3.5 The University of Hertfordshire s baseline CO 2 emissions associated with water consumption (tonnes of CO 2 / % total) Influence emissions Commuting to and from the University by staff and students in 2005/6 produced 47,739 tonnes of CO 2. The University will influence these emissions as part of its Travel Plan. Figure 3.6 shows the total baseline emissions for both manageable and influence emissions. Commuting accounts for 66% (47,739 tonnes/co 2 ) energy use in buildings for 26% (18,847 tonnes/co 2 ), business travel for 7% (4,879 tonnes/co 2 ) and other activities (waste and water) for 1% (505 tonnes/co 2 ). Energy use in buildings, 18847/26 Other, 505/ 1 Commuting, 47739/66 Business Travel, 4879/ 7 Figure 3.6: The University of Hertfordshire s total baseline CO 2 emissions: manageable and influence emissions (tonnes/co 2 / % total)