PRESENTATION BY: Sean P. Murray Energy/Facility Use Manager St. Lucie County Public Schools. Art Munns Senior Project Engineer OCI Associates, Inc.

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2 PRESENTATION BY: Sean P. Murray Energy/Facility Use Manager St. Lucie County Public Schools Jason Smith, PE, LEED AP BD+C, CEM Principal / Dir. of Mech. Engineering OCI Associates, Inc. Art Munns Senior Project Engineer OCI Associates, Inc.

3 ENERGY / UTILITY COST REDUCTION Acknowledge the Problem Make the Commitment to Improve Set Attainable Goals Develop Successful Strategy Implement Strategy Monitor and Track the Results

4 CASE STUDY ST. LUCIE SCHOOLS Lack of Funding One of the Poorest Performing School Districts In Terms of Energy Costs Energy Costs Come From Same Pool as Teacher Salaries Committed to Improvement

5 CASE STUDY ST. LUCIE SCHOOLS Reached Out For Support and Guidance Developed Energy Advisory Team Partnered With Utility Company Developed Strategy For Success Monitored Progress and Results

6 TARGETED STRATEGIES Appoint Designated Energy Manager Behavior Modification Thermal Storage Systems Utility Rate Structure Modifications Control System Enhancements Energy Efficiency Upgrades and Options

7 DESIGNATED ENERGY MANAGER Full Time Position Sets and Adjust Operational Schedules Trained With DDC Systems Software / Programming Monitor and Track Performance Operational Adjustments Identify Savings Opportunities

8 BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION Incentive Programs / Performance Dashboards Promote Energy Efficiency Awareness Display Energy Performance at Schools on Local Displays Encourage Competition Between Facilities Provide Incentives for Improvement

9 BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION Isolating After School Activities Schedule After School Activities and Events Minimize Central Plant Run Time Move After School Programs to Portables Group Activities Into Fewer Buildings

10 THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEMS What Is a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) System?

11 THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEMS Build Ice During Non-Peak Utility Rate Periods

12 THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEMS Melt Ice For Cooling During Peak Utility Rate Periods

13 THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEMS Full Shift Storage Systems / Incentive Programs Store Enough Cooling Capacity to Handle All Cooling Requirements During the Peak Period Peak Period: 12-9pm Summer / 6-10am & 6-10pm Winter No Refrigeration Equipment Operation During Peak Period

THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEMS Full Shift Storage Systems / Incentive Programs Utility Company Rebates Rebates Cover Much of TES Installation Costs 8

14 THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEMS Full Shift Storage Systems / Incentive Programs Utility Company Rebates Rebates Cover Much of TES Installation Costs 8 Plant Full Shift TES Retrofits In SLC In Operation $1.36M In Rebates $620K Pending Rebates Typically Under 5 Year Payback Without Rebate Consideration

15 THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEMS Full Shift TES Project Case Study Axis Title Centennial High School Monthly Electric Utility Costs $80,000 $70,000 $60,000 $50,000 $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 $0 July August September October November December January February March April May June 08/09 $44,496 $49,132 $69,733 $70,096 $60,298 $55,625 $44,486 $44,724 $50,460 $45,145 $44,787 $53,230 09/10 $48,730 $46,483 $53,782 $52,930 $50,017 $46,233 $40,000 $35,411 $38,745 $30,434 $34,869 $42,330 10/11 $25,666 $31,533 $43,217 $39,069 $31,461 $32,119 $32,826 $31,935 $29,438 $30,292 $29,501 $23,287 11/12 $23,238 $19,601 $36,687 $33,859 $29,150 $30,008 $30,187 $26,010 $29,551 $25,510 $25,459 $20,820 Over $300,000 Annual Cost Savings / 50% Reduction!

THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEMS Full Shift TES Projects District Wide 1,200,000.

00 800,000.00 817,292.62 600,000.00 662,445.01 574,436.83 400,000.00 200,000.

16 THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEMS Full Shift TES Projects District Wide 1,200, Annual Energy Costs - FP&L TES Schools 1,190, ,023, ,000, , , , , , , , Over $615K Annual Cost Savings / 50% Reduction!

Requirements Campus Cooling Load (Tons) 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 Partial Storage Load

17 THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEMS Partial Shift Storage Systems No Utility Company Incentives / Rebates Electric Demand Charge Reduction Thermal Storage Used to Handle System Peak Cooling Requirements Campus Cooling Load (Tons) Partial Storage Load Profile Typical Middle School TES Chiller Smaller Chiller Equipment Required

THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEMS Partial Shift TES Project Case Study Lincoln Park Academy Prior Three Year Average Annual Energy Costs = $475K First Year Energy Costs With

18 THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEMS Partial Shift TES Project Case Study Lincoln Park Academy Prior Three Year Average Annual Energy Costs = $475K First Year Energy Costs With Partial TES - $352K $123K Savings / 26% Reduction Annually $600,000 $436,794 $473,433 $474,721 $400,000 $200,000 $351,635 $334,379 $

19 THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEMS Partial Shift TES Project Case Study Dale Cassens / St. Lucie ES / Dan McCarty MS Annual Combined Electric Costs For Three Campuses 900, , , , , $784, $721, $633, $577, , , , , , Only A 6 Month Operational Impact!

UTILITY RATE MODIFICATIONS Seasonal Demand Time of Use June, July, August and September Seasonal Months Seasonal Peak Demand Charge Set Between 3-6pm

20 UTILITY RATE MODIFICATIONS Seasonal Demand Time of Use June, July, August and September Seasonal Months Seasonal Peak Demand Charge Set Between 3-6pm During Weekdays High Seasonal Peak Demand and Consumption Rates 28% Seasonal Off-Peak Consumption Rate Reduction (KWh) 4% Non-Seasonal Demand Rate Reduction (KW)

UTILITY RATE MODIFICATIONS Seasonal Demand Time of Use High Schools Dismiss Before 3pm Elementary Schools Are Borderline Around 3pm Dismissal Middle Schools Extend Into Seasonal Peak

21 UTILITY RATE MODIFICATIONS Seasonal Demand Time of Use High Schools Dismiss Before 3pm Elementary Schools Are Borderline Around 3pm Dismissal Middle Schools Extend Into Seasonal Peak Between 3pm-6pm Load Shedding Schedule Assemblies Prior to 3pm Shut Down Unoccupied Systems After School Assemblies After 6pm $577K Estimated Previous 12 Month Savings Per Data Reported By FP&L

UTILITY RATE MODIFICATIONS FP&L Thermal Storage Rate Structures Incentives For Shifting Energy Usage From Peak to Off-Peak Periods Avoid Building New Power Plants TES Systems Store

22 UTILITY RATE MODIFICATIONS FP&L Thermal Storage Rate Structures Incentives For Shifting Energy Usage From Peak to Off-Peak Periods Avoid Building New Power Plants TES Systems Store Chilled Water / Ice During Off-Peak Period Stored Chilled Water / Ice Are Used During Peak Period to Satisfy Cooling Demand Avoid Operating Refrigeration Equipment During Peak Periods

23 UTILITY RATE MODIFICATIONS Mixing Rate Structures Separately Meter Chiller Plants From The Rest of the Campus Seasonal Demand Time of Use Rate Structure For School Thermal Energy Storage Rate Structure For Central Chiller Plant Best of Both Scenarios!

24 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Independent Metering Equipment Knowledge Is Power! Separately Meter Chiller Plants From The Rest of the Campus Separately Meter Various Systems / Components Monitor Performance / Savings

25 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Control System Enhancements Usually Low Hanging Fruit Improve Operation of Existing Systems at Minimal Cost VAV Zone Sub-Cooling / Reheat Energy Hogs

Sensors for Lighting Control Sensors Can Be Used for Dual Purpose Independent VAV Occupied / Unoccupied Air Flow

26 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Strategies to Minimize Reheat Conditions Occupancy Sensors Required Ventilation Rates / VAV Zone Minimum Flows Routinely Cause Sub- Cooling Conditions New Facilities Typically Already Have Occupancy Sensors for Lighting Control Sensors Can Be Used for Dual Purpose Independent VAV Occupied / Unoccupied Air Flow Minimum Setpoints Triggered By Sensor Minimize Sub-Cooling During Unoccupied Periods By Reducing Cooling Air Flow

27 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Strategies to Minimize Reheat Conditions Supply Air Temperature Reset Many Temperature Reset Programs Cause Radical Adjustments / Overshooting Implement More Subdued Adjustments Cruise Control Supply Air Reset Control Scheme

ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Strategies to Minimize Reheat Conditions Cruise Control Scheme Multiple Inputs Required For Control Decisions

28 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Strategies to Minimize Reheat Conditions Cruise Control Scheme Multiple Inputs Required For Control Decisions Decisions Made In Priority: Relative Humidity Temperature. Supply Air Reset Range F Further Optimization Using Demand Control Ventilation

29 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Effectiveness of Cruise Control Scheme Sister Schools Treasure Coast HS & Ft. Pierce Central HS TCHS No Reheat w/ Cruise Control FPCHS 8 Zones In Reheat w/o Cruise Control

30 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Pumping System Adjustments Adjust Chilled Water System ΔT Increasing System ΔT Reduces Required Chilled Water Flow (GPM) Pressure Independent Characterized Control Valves for Self Balancing Systems

31 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Pumping System Adjustments Typical 300 Ton Elementary School: 300 Tons x 2.4 GPM/Ton = 720 GPM at 10 ΔT 300 Tons x 1.7 GPM/Ton = 510 GPM at 14 ΔT (HP = Pumping Horse Power Required) HP2 = HP1 ( GPM2 / GPM1) 3 HP1 ( 510 / 720 ) 3 HP1 (.355) Required Pumping Energy Reduced to About 1/3 of the Current System!

32 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES High Efficiency Chiller Equipment Frictionless Bearing Chillers Oil less Refrigerant Circuit Air Cooled & Water Cooled Systems Operate In Part Load Conditions Most of the Time Part Load Efficiencies Below 0.30 KW per Ton VC Lake Nona - Plant kw/ton KW/ton 24 Hour Average Plant kw/ton 12:00:00 AM 1:40:00 AM 3:25:00 AM 5:10:00 AM 6:55:00 AM 8:40:00 AM 10:25:00 AM 12:10:00 PM 1:55:00 PM 3:40:00 PM 5:25:00 PM 7:10:00 PM 8:55:00 PM 10:40:00 PM April 15, F High Temp

33 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Outdoor Air Reduction Strategy ASHRAE 62.1 Ventilation Rate Procedure (VRP) CFM/Person + CFM/Square Foot Brute Force Dilution of Contaminants O/A = Approximately 50% of Typical Campus Cooling Loads

34 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Outdoor Air Reduction Strategy Alternatives In ASHRAE 62.1 ASHRAE 62.1 IAQ Procedure (IAQP) Source Control, Filtration and Air Cleaning (FAC) Directly Address Contaminants of Concern (CoC) Significant Reduction to Required Outdoor Air Flow Rates Can Be Achieved

ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Outdoor Air Reduction Strategy Excerpt from ASHRAE Indoor Air Quality Guide: use of the procedure has been predominately in areas having high outdoor humidity and heat

35 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Outdoor Air Reduction Strategy Excerpt from ASHRAE Indoor Air Quality Guide: use of the procedure has been predominately in areas having high outdoor humidity and heat loads; in buildings having high internal contaminant generation; and in buildings having high density and diversity, such as arenas, schools, auditoriums, theaters, convention centers, and hotels.

36 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Outdoor Air Reduction Strategy Benefits As Listed In the ASHRAE Indoor Air Quality Guide: Rewarding Source Reduction Tactics By Potentially Lowering Ventilation Requirements Lower Heat, Moisture, And Pollutant Burden Of Outdoor Air By Reducing The Outdoor Airflow Enhanced FAC Lowers The Constituent Contaminant Concentrations Of CoC Contained In The Outdoor Air Enhanced FAC Can Lower The Constituent Concentration Of CoC Created And Recirculated Within The Conditioned Space Enhanced FAC Can Result In Cleaner Heat Exchange Surfaces And More Energyefficient HVAC System Operation Lower O/A Intake Rates Can Lower System Capacity And Operating Costs

Occupied Spaces Bulb and Needle Point Technology Not Ozone Generators

37 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Outdoor Air Reduction Bipolar Ionization Air Cleaning Technology Ions Generated In Supply Air Stream and Delivered to Occupied Spaces Bulb and Needle Point Technology Not Ozone Generators Simplistic Installation Effective On ASHRAE Listed Contaminants of Concern

38 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Outdoor Air Reduction Bipolar Ionization Ions Act on Contaminants of Concern Disassociate Bad Gases Break Down VOC s Kills Mold, Bacteria and Viruses Particle Agglomeration / Improve Filtration Effectiveness Typical 50% O/A Reduction

ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Bipolar Ionization - CO 2 Discussion Bipolar Ionization Has No Affect On CO 2 Concentration CO 2 s Bad Rap / Guilt By Association CO 2 Is Not

39 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Bipolar Ionization - CO 2 Discussion Bipolar Ionization Has No Affect On CO 2 Concentration CO 2 s Bad Rap / Guilt By Association CO 2 Is Not An ASHRAE CoC CO 2 Used As Indicator Of Concentration of Other CoC s CO 2 Levels With Bipolar Ionization Systems Well Below 2,000 ppm CO 2 No Longer An Indicator of IAQ

Achieved With Outdoor Air Reduction Projects Seeking Outside Air Reduction and Green

40 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Bipolar Ionization Green Building Rating Systems USGBC Only Recognize VRP Method of Determining Outside Air Rates LEED Certification Can Not Be Achieved With Outdoor Air Reduction Projects Seeking Outside Air Reduction and Green Building Rating Must Use Other Rating System Green Globes Used To Allow Use of ASHRAE IAQP

ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Outdoor Air Reduction Bipolar Ionization O/A = 50% of Campus Load 50% O/A Reduction = 25% Smaller Central Plant Simplifies Air

41 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Outdoor Air Reduction Bipolar Ionization O/A = 50% of Campus Load 50% O/A Reduction = 25% Smaller Central Plant Simplifies Air Handling Systems Reduced O/A Can Be Handled With Single Path Coil CO 2 Monitoring and Demand Control Not Necessary No Large ERV Systems or Relief Air Systems Required

42 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Bipolar Ionization Case Study SLC Centennial High School Gymnasium OA Flow (CFM) System Capacity (Tons) Original OA 24, Reduced OA 10, Difference 14, Percent Reduction 57.75% 27.51% Over $25K Annual Energy Cost Savings First Year!

Ionization System Installed 45% Outdoor Air Reduction 60 Ton Central

43 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Bipolar Ionization Case Study Valencia College Lake Nona Campus Global Plasma Solutions Needle Point Bipolar Ionization System Installed 45% Outdoor Air Reduction 60 Ton Central Plant Capacity Reduction / Approximately 25% IAQ Testing Proves System Effectiveness

Bipolar Ionization System Installed 60% Outdoor Air

Approximately 25% Savings From CEP Reduction Used For

44 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Bipolar Ionization Case Study Meadowbrook ES Alachua County Plasma Air Needle Point Bipolar Ionization System Installed 60% Outdoor Air Reduction 70 Ton Central Plant Capacity Reduction / Approximately 25% Savings From CEP Reduction Used For Magnetic Bearing Chiller Upgrade IAQ Testing Proves System Effectiveness

Infrastructure Requirements No Costly Lab HVAC Control Requirements

45 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Green Fume Hoods New High Performance Fume Hood Filtration System Works For Both Acids and Bases No Exhaust / Make-up Air Infrastructure Requirements No Costly Lab HVAC Control Requirements Significantly Reduce Outside Air Requirements For Lab Spaces Perfect For K12 and Basic Chemistry

46 ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES Green Fume Hoods Case Study PHCC Porter Campus 6 Ductless Fume Hoods Provided 1 Standard Fume Hood Provided For Curriculum Flexibility 5,100 CFM OA Requirement Reduction For Hood Make-Up Approximately 35 Ton CEP Capacity Reduction No Sophisticated Lab Controls

00 $10,604,134.96 $9,613,277.53 $8,164,020.86 $7,096,777.14 $6,000,000.00 $4,000,000.

47 ENERGY / UTILITY COST REDUCTION CASE STUDY ST. LUCIE SCHOOLS Progress Report Annual Energy Costs $12,000, $10,000, $8,000, $10,604, $9,613, $8,164, $7,096, $6,000, $4,000, $2,000, $ $ Spent 33% Cost Reduction Annually From 47 th Ranking In to 19 th In Statewide Energy Costs Per SF

ENERGY / UTILITY COST REDUCTION CASE STUDY ST. LUCIE SCHOOLS Progress Report Annual Energy Costs Savings $3,507,357.82 $4,000,000.00 $3,500,000.00 $2,440,114.10 $3,000,000.00 $2,500,000.00 $2,000,000.

48 ENERGY / UTILITY COST REDUCTION CASE STUDY ST. LUCIE SCHOOLS Progress Report Annual Energy Costs Savings $3,507, $4,000, $3,500, $2,440, $3,000, $2,500, $2,000, $1,500, $1,000, $500, $0.00 $990, $1,449, $1,067, Yearly Savings Cumulative Savings Over $3.5M Energy Cost Savings Since Initiative Approximately 70 Teacher Salary Equivalent Savings

org Jason Smith, Principal / Director of Mechanical Engineering OCI Associates, Inc.

49 THANK YOU! SPEAKERS CONTACT INFORMATION Sean P. Murray, Energy/Facility Use Manager St. Lucie County Public Schools (772) office Jason Smith, Principal / Director of Mechanical Engineering OCI Associates, Inc. (407) jsmith@ociassociates.com Art Munns, Senior Project Engineer OCI Associates, Inc. (407) amunns@ociassociates.com

Technical Report Three Mechanical Systems Existing Conditions Evaluation

09 10 Technical Report Three Mechanical Systems Existing Conditions Evaluation WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CO. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING HEADQUARTERS CAMPUS Pittsburgh, PA Daniel P. Aughenbaugh Mechanical Dr. Bahnfleth