Blue light transmitted to the hypothalamus controls body's circadian rhythm. Blue spectrum (400nm-500nm) is usually missing from electric lighting.

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Timothy Henry
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1 AIA COTE 2015 Seminar Series Lighting Technologies and Daylighting Presented by: Kim Reitterer, Elm Engineering, Inc Steve Schmerber, Redwood Systems 1

2 Agenda Daylighting Design Considerations Layout Orientation Glass Selection Integrated Design Considerations Lighting Technologies and Controls New Technologies and Trends Lighting Controls Power and Control over Ethernet Questions 2

Melatonin lowers during the day when we are supposed to be receiving the blue light of the

3 Human Circadian rhythms are controlled by Melatonin that peaks during darkness, which should be at night, making us sleepy. Melatonin lowers during the day when we are supposed to be receiving the blue light of the spectrum. Blue light transmitted to the hypothalamus controls body's circadian rhythm. Blue spectrum (400nm-500nm) is usually missing from electric lighting. 3

4 Synergy and Integrated Design Strategies Orientation Window Treatments Daylighting Energy-Efficient Shell Energy-Efficient Lighting HVAC Systems Plug Loads Surface Area Solar and RECs Xeriscape Pedestrian Access Strategies Orientation Window Treatments Daylighting Energy-Efficient Shell Energy-Efficient Lighting HVAC Systems Plug Loads Surface Area Solar and RECs Xeriscape Pedestrian Access 4

5 Guidelines for Daylighting Design Size windows to provide the best daylighting. Add additional windows for view glass. Frame views without overglazing the space. Select glazing to minimize heating and cooling loads. Select glazing to avoid glare. Perform simulation to verify results. Incorporate shading devices (external preferred) or chromic (smart) glass. Make window frames non specular and light colored. Tilt the ceiling plane to the daylight source. Do not introduce direct sky without alleviating. Higher windows = deeper daylight penetration. Minimize exterior reflectances. 5

6 Daylighting 6

7 Daylighting Design Considerations Site Orientation Integration with Building Systems Power Delivery System AC vs. DC Control Strategies Source of electric light Tools Window/Glazing Energy Capture Glare Monitoring Commissioning Verification 7

8 Siting the Building for Maximum Solar Effectiveness Sample Analyses 8

9 Orientation Options Long axis east - west Square around central atrium 9

10 Positioning Analysis North facing roof monitors and white roof 10

11 Layout Light shelf High reflectance ceiling tile Glare potential 11

12 Daylight Factor DF = 0.1 x PG Where: DF = daylight factor PG = Percentage of glass to floor area Assume 1000 sf open office space has 200 sf of windows. The daylight factor will be: DF = 0.1 x (200/1000) DF =.02 or 2% 12

zone: Visible light directly entering the space (vertical or horizontal. Light reflected from exterior surfaces.

13 Daylight Factor DF = Iin/Iout x 100% Where: DF = daylight factor Iin = illuminance due to daylight on the indoor working plane Iout = illuminance outdoors on a unobstructed horizontal plane Sources of daylight for interior work zone: Visible light directly entering the space (vertical or horizontal. Light reflected from exterior surfaces. Light entering the space and reflecting from interior surfaces. Example: Outdoor illuminance of 2500 FL, 2% DF = 50 fc on work plane. 13

14 Interior Light Shelves Light shelf bounce light deeper into space High Vt glass for daylight Low Vt glass for comfort 14

15 Solar Shading - Exterior Motorized shades Passive Shading 15

16 Tools for Daylighting Physical modeling Computer generated modeling: e.g. Daysim, Skycalc, Radiance, Autodesk Viz, Lumen Designer, Adeline, Ecotect, and others. 16

17 Interior Finishes Effective Reflectances Walls 70% 60% Ceiling 90% 80% Floor 50% 25% Use light colored finishes within the space to maximize daylighting effectiveness 17

18 Thermal Gains by Window Orientation Orientation Btus/Square Foot Glass/Day 32 0 Latitude North 18

19 Glazing, Energy and Transmittance Glass Transmittance Best Low-E Transmittance in percent Average Low-E Wavelength in nanometers 19

20 Glazing Considerations Visible Transmittance Solar Heat Gain Coefficient Shading Coefficient Visible/Solar Reflectance U V Transmittance U-Value 20

Glazing Tips: Use higher transmittance above viewing angles to introduce light Use lower transmittance at viewing angles to minimize glare and control heat gain Pay attention to U values Pay

21 Glazing Tips: Use higher transmittance above viewing angles to introduce light Use lower transmittance at viewing angles to minimize glare and control heat gain Pay attention to U values Pay attention to quality of light Maximize natural light penetration into interior spaces New Technology: Electrochromic Glass Solar-powered, wireless, electronically tintable window glass that uses light sensors to tint automatically in response to changing sun conditions. Glass panels communicate with each other using low-power mesh networking technology, enabling multiple panes to be controlled through a single interface. 21

74) 1.1x (1.08) Low-E (30% reduction).56 1.

22 Glazing Type Visible Transmittance Vt Area Factor Clear, Double Low-E (10% reduction).72 (.74) 1.1x (1.08) Low-E (30% reduction) x Clear, Double w/b-b-g x Clear, Triple w/b-b-g x 22

Daylighting View glazing Application Exposure Type (ASHRAE zone 4) view glass (non-daylighting apertures) south north east/west - unshaded double, low-e, U-.44, SHGC-.75 double, low-e, U-.44, SHGC-.62 tinted double, low-e, U-.

23 Daylighting View glazing Application Exposure Type (ASHRAE zone 4) view glass (non-daylighting apertures) south north east/west - unshaded double, low-e, U-.44, SHGC-.75 double, low-e, U-.44, SHGC-.62 tinted double, low-e, U-.44, SHGC-.40 Application Exposure Type view glass (non-daylighting apertures) windows above lightshelves high windows above view glass Maximize visible light transmission Minimize size of aperture South North east/west - unshaded east/west shaded south north clear double, low-e clear double, low-e tinted double, low-e clear double, low-e clear double, VT-.80 clear double, VT-.80 roof monitors south clear double, VT

24 Solar Cooling and Daylighting Options Power Roof tm system -- integrated into the sawtooth roof design, provides both solar thermal and daylighting benefits. Could also be PV panels 24

25 Daylighting Options Light Tube 25

26 Analyzing Daylighting Potential in Existing Buildings Most energy efficient building on campus 26

Healthier Children Better Indoor Environmental

27 Results Increased Productivity Lower Absenteeism Improved Test Scores Higher Occupant Satisfaction Healthier Children Better Indoor Environmental Quality Flexible Controls Maximum Energy Efficiency 27

28 Schools Achieve Best Energy Performance in SE Region Using Daylighting and Other Strategies Improved Attendance Increased Test Scores Improved Staff Satisfaction 28

29 We are running about three percent ahead of the rest of the county in attendance. Tom Benton, Principal Durand Road Middle School The daylit classroom have increased the well being of students and teachers and are at least partly responsible for our records high attendance rates. 29

30 The students who attended the daylit schools out-performed the students in nondaylit schools by 14% above the norm. Johnston County s Daylit Schools The daylight contributes to a higher level of morale - a positive, upbeat attitude. It helps me in hiring teachers. Cathy Truitt, Principal, Four Oaks Elementary School 30

31 there is a positive effect of daylight on students. 64% reduction in lighting energy 78 ton reduction in cooling equipment Daylighting Dividends Case Study: Smith Middle Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 31

32 After five consecutive school days the students receiving less daylight (short-wave blue light) had their circadian cycles delayed by 30 minutes. Wake-up times are fixed for most students, so those who do not receive short-wavelength light during the day will probably have reduced sleep on school nights. The study indicates that the daylighting at Smith Middle School positively impacts students sleep patterns and alertness. Results from RPI testing of Students at Smith Middle School 32

south view windows Clear insulated glazing

33 Haywood Community College Creative Arts Building Selective glazing: Translucent insulated glazing for south clerestory windows Low-e clear insulated glazing for south view windows Clear insulated glazing for north clerestory & view windows Orientation on site : E-W axis 33

Previous Strategies Fluorescent lamps and dimming Room controls instead of individual Room sensors instead of individual Inflexible and expensive to change Problems with energy efficiency not

34 Previous Strategies Fluorescent lamps and dimming Room controls instead of individual Room sensors instead of individual Inflexible and expensive to change Problems with energy efficiency not matching projections Difficult to integrate with building automation systems New Strategies LED sources Individual controls Individual sensors Powered by Cat 5 cable no pipe and wire Monitoring capabilities BACNet compatible Easy to reprogram App based software DC Power AC into server cabinet 34

35 New LED Products Light is distributed from each side and directly down to respond to light levels in space. Enhances vertical and horizontal illuminances 35

36 IT Revolution Convergence over Ethernet IP Data VoIP A/V Security/F ire Lights

37 Do These Matter to You? Reducing Energy Costs Reducing Real Estate Costs Improving Occupant Satisfaction Simplifying Tracking and Metrics Of Course, but I ve heard it all before. Show me something different 37

and cooling still based on schedules and set points instead of occupancy Opportunity for

38 Commercial Building Energy Usage Lighting, heating and cooling account for nearly 75% of all electricity usage Lighting also adds to HVAC load and most of lighting energy wasted Heating and cooling still based on schedules and set points instead of occupancy Opportunity for networked granular control to track occupancy and save energy Source: Building Energy Data Book 38

39 Intelligent Lighting Platform Benefits Saves Energy Reduces Real Estate Costs Enhances Safety & Security Delivers Added Value Applications Energy Efficient Lighting Control Occupancy- Based HVAC Conference Room Management Space Utilization Security Alerts and Reports Crestron Control, Humidity and CO 2 Sensors Sensor Data Energy Occupancy Motion Temperature Environmental Open Application Framework High Density Sensor Network Platform Low-Voltage DC Power & Control Infrastructure 39

Energy Savings Case Studies 93% Savings 80%

2 / 28K m 2 Security cameras require minimum

40 Energy Savings Case Studies 93% Savings 80% Savings* 90% Savings Retrofit SF, USA 300K ft 2 / 28K m 2 Security cameras require minimum light levels New Construction OR and NC, USA >1M ft 2 / 93K m 2 PUE <1.2 LEED Gold Renovation SF, USA <5K ft 2 / 500 m 2 PUE 1.2 LEED Platinum *Note: Facebook savings estimated based on originally planned lighting and controls 40

41 Energy Savings Case Studies 75% Savings 78% Savings 75% Savings Renovation SF, USA Office space and innovation lab Retrofit SF, USA Office space Retrofit London, UK Office space 41

42 Advanced Energy Savings Techniques ~20% savings ~30% savings 75% savings 42

43 Traditional Lighting VS Intelligent Lighting Category Cable Adapter Engine Scene Control Wall Switch 43

44 Intelligent Lighting System Components New One-Channel Adapter New Engine 45

45 Basic Implementation Max Channel Length: 90m cable + 10m cords including fixture whip Minimum Cat 5E cabling Extended equipment warranty when using infrastructure Each fixtures consumes: 1 engine port, 1 sensor,1 cable, 2 cords, 2 jacks 46

46 Fine Grain Sensor Network 47

47 Automatic Occupancy Sensing 48

48 Daylight Harvesting of Ambient Light 49

49 Custom Modes Controlled via Mobile App Conference 1 50

50 Conference Room Scheduling Space Utilization Applications 20% Full 51

51 Building Intelligence Provides Unparalleled Energy Savings 52

52 Occupancy Sensing 53

53 A Myriad of Possible Integrations & Applications Conf. Room Scheduling Space Utilization Occupancy-Based HVAC Control Visual Security & Emergency Alerts Motion Detection Security & Safety Enhanced Server Access Control 54

54 Redwood Solves the Room Use Problem Red rooms are reserved Redwood Frees Up Unused Rooms Unreserved Reserved 10:00AM 10:05AM Redwood s Platform Can Tell You How Many Rooms are Available 55

find open meeting room from several minutes to 3 seconds Space utilization data showed low utilization of

55 Space Utilization at Facebook Using in new Menlo Park campus to show presence in conference rooms Occupancy data sent via Open Application Framework to Facebook floorplan app Productivity - reduced employee time to find open meeting room from several minutes to 3 seconds Space utilization data showed low utilization of large conference rooms leading to reduction in number of larger rooms by 60% Note: Floorplan requires system integration 56

56 H L Empty Conference Room: Lights and Plug Loads Off, HVAC Reduced 57

57 Application: Controlling HVAC SAP integrated occupancy sensing with Trane HVAC system and digital control thermostats 58

58 ! Alert sent when light fixture out, auto-test emergency lights 59

59 Optimize Data Centers Follow-me lighting has reduced lighting energy by over 90% by illuminating only the areas where people are located 90% Savings 60

60 1 Know precise location where and when people are moving through the data center 61

61 Re-configure spaces easily 62

62 Contribution of up to 14 LEED BD + C Credits 63

safety & security Monitor environmental data Improve space utilization FLEXIBLE & EXPANDABLE

63 Intelligent Lighting Platform BEST-IN-CLASS ENERGY SAVINGS World s most efficient lighting platform Reduced HVAC costs LEED and BREEAM credits POWERFUL BUILDING INTELLIGENCE Enhance safety & security Monitor environmental data Improve space utilization FLEXIBLE & EXPANDABLE Easy to install and maintain Quick re-provisioning Scalable & reliable Integration with other systems 64

64 Questions? Thank you! 65

A STUDY OF DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES AND THEIR ENERGY IMPLICATIONS USING A DESIGNER FRIENDLY SIMULATION SOFTWARE

A STUDY OF DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES AND THEIR ENERGY IMPLICATIONS USING A DESIGNER FRIENDLY SIMULATION SOFTWARE Amarpreet Sethi College of Architecture and Environmental Design Arizona State University,