Authors and contributors

Transcription

1 The UCCRN Assessment Report on Climate Change and Cities: Guidelines for Developing Climate Change Strategies Deltas Conference 2014 Rotterdam, The Netherlands Stelios Grafakos, Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies (IHS) Authors and contributors Stelios Grafakos Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies (IHS) Chantal Pacteau - French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) Patrick Driscoll - Department of Planning, Aalborg University Cynthia Rosenzweig - Earth Institute at Columbia University/NASA GISS Somayya Ali - Earth Institute at Columbia University/NASA GISS Reimund Schwarze Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Leipzig Mia Landauer - Department of Real Estate, Planning and Geoinformatics, Aalto University Carolina Zambrano - Responsable Nacional Avina Ecuador, Gerente Programática Amazonía/ Cambio Climático Sean O Donoghe Environmental Planning and Climate Protection Department, ethekwini Martha Delgado - Global Cities Covenant on Climate Secretariat, Fundación PENSAR 1

2 Outline of the paper Introduction and background ARC3-2 chapter on Mitigation & Adaptation: bridges, barriers and co-benefits Presentation of case studies from cities developing CC actions and strategies Lessons learned and guidelines ARC3 and ARC3-2 Information Needs Survey Top 4 topics of interest #1 #2 #3 #4 Mitigation and adaptation: barriers, bridges, and co-benefits Urban planning and design Disasters and risk Economics, finance, and private sector # of times Topic selected Mitigation and adaptation: barriers, bridges, and co-benefits 20 Urban planning and design 18 Disasters and risk 15 Economics, finance, and private sector 13 Urban climate science 11 Urban energy 10 Equity and environmental justice 9 Urban water, wastewater, and sanitation 9 Urban solid waste 3 Urban transportation 0 Housing and informal settlements 0 Urban Health 0 Urban ecology, biodiversity, and ecosystem services 0 Food Systems 0 Coastal Zones 0 Governance and Policy 0 2

3 ARC3-2 Outline Chapter 1 Introduction Section I: Cross-Cutting Themes for Climate Change and Sustainable Development Chapter 2 Urban Planning and Design Chapter 3 Mitigation and Adaptation: Barriers, Bridges, and Co-Benefits Chapter 4 Equity and Environmental Justice Chapter 5 Private Sector, Economics, and Finance [[ Section II: Climate Science and Disaster Risk Chapter 6 Urban Climate Science Chapter 7 Disasters and Risk Section III: Urban Sectors and Systems Chapter 8 Urban Energy Chapter 9 Water, Wastewater, and Sanitation Chapter 10 Urban Solid Waste Management Chapter 11 Urban Transportation Chapter 12 Housing and Informal Settlements Chapter 13 Urban Health Section IV: Urban Ecosystems, Food, and Coastal Zones Chapter 14 Urban Ecology, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Services Chapter 15 Urban Areas in Coastal Zones Section V: Governance and Policy Chapter 16 Governing Carbon and Climate in Cities Conclusions and Moving Forward Appendix 1 UCCRN Case Study Docking Station Appendix 2 List of Authors and Reviewers Highlights on: - Urban Demographics - Urban Food Systems - Sustainable Production and Consumption - Attitudes, Perception, and Behavior - Information and Communications Technology - Transformation + Summary for Urban Decision-Makers Background Mitigation agenda is influenced by international regulations and agreements and political will Local incidents have raised the interest for adaptation of city governments Mitigation and adaptation are likely to be more effective when they are designed and implemented in the context of sustainability and resilience 3

4 Integrating urban agendas Climate Change Mitigation Basic service delivery and local development Disaster Risk Reduction Climate change adaptation Source: Satterthwaite, 2014 Chapter 3: Mitigation Adaptation, bridges, barriers and co-benefits Bridges and synergies of M&A Barriers and trade offs of M&A Co-benefits across different scales. 4

5 Case Studies Helsinki, Finland Durban, South Africa Quito, Ecuador Colombo, Sri Lanka Case studies will illustrate the main issues addressed in the chapter 5

6 Helsinki, Finland NORD-STAR, Nordic Strategic Adaptation Research (Landauer, Juhola & Klein, in preparation) Stakeholders interviews and policy documents Helsinki Metropolitan Area Climate strategy to the year 2030 and Helsinki Metropolitan Region Climate Adaptation strategy City of Helsinki, Economic and Planning Centre Helsinki, Finland Spatial scale: limited urban space for integrated solutions (conflict) Mitigation densification Adaptation green and blue space natural infiltration Institutional scale: different legislative restrictions Energy savings Material requirements for construction Jurisdictional scale: cooperation of energy and water sectors Energy efficient wastewater treatment Storm water handling Urban greening (co-benefit): Sequestration Natural surface run-off water management 6

7 Quito, Ecuador Quito s metropolitan district Climate Change strategy (2009) Climate Change Action plan (2012) 10 strategic sectors 5 years Combine Adaptation and Mitigation Institutional framework Quito, Ecuador Prioritization of measures with multiple benefits Mainstream climate criteria and generation of political support Identification of Multiple benefits in specific sectors (land use, ecosystems, water, agriculture and buildings) Cross sectoral Either adaptation or mitigation (health, transport, waste management) - Sectoral Challenge: Measuring mitigation/adaptation actions impacts varies (spatially, temporally, institutionally) 7

8 Durban, South Africa Durban emerging economy Unemployment Poverty Host of UNFCCC 2011 COP17 Global biodiversity hotspot Durban, South Africa Conflicts: Wind turbines publicity vs biodiversity (Institutional scale) Synergies: Reforestation programme (510 ha) Jobs creation Local ecopreneurship, treepreneurship Community Ecosystem based Adaptation (CEBA) Development vs climate objectives 8

9 Colombo, Sri Lanka Colombo metropolitan area Improvement, Management and Maintenance of Urban Wetlands Programme Sustainability Benefits Assessment methodology (IHS/WB) Bedagana Wetland development project Flood control and drainage infrastructure Increase of canopy cover Development of recreational area 9

10 The ex-ante SBA Methodology 10

11 CREATING EXISTING SITUATION SCENARIO (BASELINE) CREATING WITH-PROJECT SCENARIO 11

12 IDENTIFICATION OF PRIMARY PHYSICAL IMPACTS Increase of wetland area Increase in canopy cover Development of recreational area S.no. Benefit Type of benefit Level of benefit 1. Flood risk reduction for built assets (value saved) Economic (Adaptation) Individual 2. Flood risk reduction for road infrastructure (value saved) 3. Flood risk reduction for population living in the surrounding areas (lives saved) Economic (Adaptation) Social (Adaptation) 4. Absorption of carbon emissions Environmental (Mitigation) Local Community Individual Global community 5. Reduction in local air pollution Environmental Local Community 6. Reduction in noise pollution Environmental Local Community 7. Increase in property values (within 500m radius) Economic Individual 8. Open space for daily use (from within 1km radius) Social Local Community 12

13 Sustainability benefits associated with increase in flood retention capacity Waterlogging around Beddagana Wetland area Sustainability benefits associated with change of canopy cover 13

14 SUSTAINABILITY BENEFITS MATRIX Sustainability Benefit Flood risk reduction for built assets (value saved) Type of benefit Economic (adaptation) Level of benefit Individual Indicator Number of buildings covered under water logged areas Unit of measure ment Without the project With the project ± S % Change Number 3441 a % Flood risk reduction for road infrastructure (value saved) Economic (adaptation) Local community Road length covered under water logged areas Km 19 a % Flood risk reduction for population living in the surrounding areas (lives saved) Social (adaptation) Individual People living within areas prone to water logging Persons b % Absorption of greenhouse gases Environmental (mitigation) Global community Amount of carbon storage per year tonsc/an num 285 b % Lessons learned and Guidelines Opportunities and challenges of integrating M&A Scales drive differences and potential conflicts and synergies between A&M Understanding the scales (that drive conflicts and synergies) is a condition for a pro-active and long term CC planning Exploring differences of M-A due to various scales (spatial, temporal, institutional, jurisdictional) 14

15 Lessons learned and guidelines Recognizing local priorities and identifying actions with multiple benefits Multiple benefits inter-sectoral and intrasectoral Need for collaboration between urban policy makers and researchers but also other urban stakeholders Need to develop methodologies that capture both mitigation and adaptation benefits Mitigation Adaptation Target systems All Selected ones Scale of effect Global Local regional Lifetime Centuries Years to decades Effectiveness Certain Generally less certain Ancillary Effects Sometimes Often Polluter pays Yes Not necessarily Actor benefits Only little Almost fully Monitoring Relatively easy More difficult 15

16 Thank You 16