Aalborg Universitet. Published in: Environment and Health Perspectives. Publication date: 2013

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1 Aalborg Universitet Indoor air pollution caused by wood-burning in Brazilian and Danish dwellings Luis Teles de Carvalho, Ricardo; Jensen, Ole Michael; da Cruz Tarelho, Luís António ; Cabral da Silva, Adeildo Published in: Environment and Health Perspectives Publication date: 2013 Document Version Accepted author manuscript, peer reviewed version Link to publication from Aalborg University Citation for published version (APA): Luis Teles de Carvalho, R., Jensen, O. M., da Cruz Tarelho, L. A., & Cabral da Silva, A. (2013). Indoor air pollution caused by wood-burning in Brazilian and Danish dwellings. Environment and Health Perspectives. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.? Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.? You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain? You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at vbn@aub.aau.dk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from vbn.aau.dk on: april 23, 2018

2 INDOOR AIR POLLUTION CAUSED BY WOOD- BURNING IN BRAZILIAN AND DANISH HOUSEHOLDS E N V I R O N M E N T A N D H E A LT H, B R I D G I N G S O U T H, N O R T H, E A S T & W E S T BASEL, S W I T Z E R L A N D, A U G U S T R I C A R D O L. T. C A R VA L H O, O L E M. J E N S E N, L U Í S A. C. TA R E L H O, A D E I L D O C. S I LVA R L S B I. A A U. D K

3 Domestic wood combustion worldwide low-cost stoves in low carbon dwellings Biomass burning can be carbon neutral when performed under optimal lightning and operating conditions Many different practices by more than 3 billion people worldwide representing one of the major causes of respiratory diseases such as asma and alergies with more than 4 million permature deaths each year, in both developing and developing countries (UNDP, 2011) Human health Epidemological studies Associated to human exposure to air pollutants Sustainability of the globe Desforestation Energy consumption Air pollution Ricardo L. T. Carvalho 2

4 Inefficient residential biomass combustion D eforestation Air pollution Overheating Indoor air pollution R espiratory diseases such pneumonia by inhalation of fine particles and carbon m onoxide as well as high i ndoor temperatures Ricardo L. T. Carvalho A i r P o l l u t i o n & C l i m a t e S e c r e t a r i a t,

5 Appropriate domestic biomass use: What is the potential for the mitigation of GHG emissions? C o n t r i b u t i o n f o r a c o z y a t m o s p h e r e in low e n e r g y h o u s e s Z e r o c a r b o n e m i s s i o n s S o p h i s t i c a t e d d e s i g n R e s i l i e n t u s e o f r e s i d u a l b i o m a s s L o w t e c h L o w c o s t m o d e r n f u e l s W h a t i s t h e p o t e n t i a l / m a g n i t u d e o f t h e m i t i g a t i o n m e a s u r e s b y i m p l e m e n t i n g c e r t a i n p r a c t i c e s i n c l u d i n g t e c h n o l o g i c a l i n n o v a t i o n s a n d m o d e r n f u e l s i n b i o m a s s s t o v e s? Ricardo L. T. Carvalho D a n i s h B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e,

6 Indoor wood smoke in developing regions Latin America, África and Asia are among the developing regions where domestic wood combustion is very popular (3 billion people worldwide) In Brazil around 27,2% of the residential energy consumption is associated to the use of wood logs for cooking/heating (cold regions) (BEN, 2013) Ineficient domestion biomass burning practices causes overheating and indoor contamination by unburned gases associated to the uncompleted wood combustion in rural housing of northeast Brazil New efficient combustion chambers have been being developed worldwide in order to optimize the complete biomass combustion towards the reduction of black carbon emissions indoors and outdoors Ricardo L. T. Carvalho 5

7 Wood heating as a resilient practice towards a cozy atmosphere? Ricardo L. T. Carvalho 6

8 Large-scale wood-burning stove program in CE-Brasil/Latin America Ricardo L.T. Carvalho I n s t i t u t o do D e s e n v o l v i m e n t o S u s t e n t á v e l e E n e r g i a s R e n o v á v e i s,

9 Time (min.) 00:08 00:12 00:16 00:20 00:24 00:28 00:32 00:36 00:40 00:44 00:48 00:52 00:56 01:00 Time (min.) 00:08 00:12 00:16 00:20 00:24 00:28 00:32 00:36 00:40 00:44 00:48 00:52 00:56 01:00 Indoor temperature ( o C) / BR Indoor relative humidity (%) / BR Indoor climate in rural households (Brazil) when using an improved efficient mass stove? House A House B House D House E House A House B House D House E SBi Ricardo L. T. Carvalho Mean outdoor temperature oc and RH 40-51% 8

10 00:01 00:06 00:11 00:16 00:21 00:26 00:31 00:36 00:41 00:46 00:51 00:56 01:01 01:06 01:11 01:16 01:21 Concentration of PM2.5 (µg m -3 ) / BR Fine particles in rural households (Brazil) kitchens of developing regions in northeast Brazil House B with a lower ventilation rate in a closed kitchen with no wind brise reaveled an higher indoor concentration of fine particles The stove chaminey exhaust at the house A presented was not working properly due to lacks of cleaning, inadequate installations and the stove walls were leaking the flue gas due to breaks on the brick walls caused by very high temperatures in the brick walls Soft wood promotes indoor smoke and a short-term combustion House A 3000 House B House C House D 2000 House E 1000 Ignition 0 time (min.) SBi Ricardo L. T. Carvalho 9

11 Mwh Field studies in single-family households in CPH (Denmark) Hot water consumption Space heating Central heating Wood burning 5 0 Espergærde Hillerød Ringsted Virum Værløse Esrum 1 Esrum 2 R. L. T. C a r v a l h o, SBi Ricardo L. T. Carvalho 10

12 Indoor climate in a low energy house (Denmark) using a certified wood cast-iron stove Indoor temperature (oc) 30 C Relative humidity (%) 25 C 100 %RH 20 C 80 %RH 15 C 60 %RH 10 C 40 %RH 5 C 20 %RH 0 C 0 %RH Ricardo L. T. Carvalho 11

13 Indoor climate in a Danish single family house (class B) using a wood mansory stove 30 C 25 C 100 %RH 20 C 80 %RH 15 C 60 %RH 10 C 40 %RH 5 C 20 %RH 0 C 0 %RH Ricardo L. T. Carvalho 12

14 00:00 00:14 00:28 00:42 00:56 01:10 01:24 01:38 01:52 02:06 02:20 02:34 02:48 03:02 Concentration of PM10 (µg m -3 ) / DK Inhalable particles in low energy households (Denmark) House B and C with a lower ventilation rate and higher air-tighness using Swan labelled cast-iron stoves, respectively, reaveled indoor concentrations of PM10 over 150 µg m -3 during periods larger than 1 hour (air-exchange rate m 3 h -1 ) Hard wood promotes a long-term combustion for more than 1 hour/cycle Even the expert in lightning was not able to mitigate high emission of inhalable particles in class A singlefamily houses Ignition 200,00 150,00 100,00 50,00 0,00 House A House B House C House D House E Outdoor B Outdoor D SBi Ricardo L. T. Carvalho 13

15 Conclusions findings worldwide

16 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION QUESTIONS? R L S B I. A A U. D K L O W C A R B O N R E T R O F F I T I N G. W O R D P R E S S. C O M