A methodology for an integrated LCA-EIA procedure: application to two wastewater treatment plants case studies
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1 A methodology for an integrated LCA-EIA procedure: application to two wastewater treatment plants case studies Pyrène Larrey-Lassalle 1,2, Laureline Catel 1, Philippe Roux 1, Guillaume Junqua 2, Miguel Lopez- Ferber 2, Ralph K. Rosenbaum 1, Eléonore Loiseau 1 1 Irstea 2 Ecole des Mines d Alès research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment IAIA17 April 04th, 2017 Montréal, Canada
2 Introduction EIA Environmental Impact Assessment A product crosses several sites LCA Life Cycle Assessment LCA A site provides several products 2
3 State of the art EIA PROMISING INTEGRATION Procedural tool Analytical tool LCA LCA Aim 1 Methodological framework for a complete implementation Aim 2 Applicability demonstration 3
4 Methodological framework EIA/LCA Screening (1) EIA required No EIA required (2a) Project charact., alternatives, environment Scoping (2) Impact Assessment (3) (3a) Baseline description of the environ. (2b) Selection of impacts likely to be significant (3b) Impacts of the project Mitigation measures (4) Reporting (5) Review (6) Approved Decision-making (7) Not approved Redesign and resubmit Implementation and follow-up (8)
5 Methodological framework EIA/LCA Screening (1) EIA required No EIA required Environ. impact of alternatives (2a) Project charact., alternatives, environment Scoping (2) (2b) Selection of impacts likely to be significant Impact Assessment (3) (3a) Baseline description of the environ. (3b) Impacts of the project Mitigation measures (4) Reporting (5) Review (6) Approved Decision-making (7) Not approved Redesign and resubmit Implementation and follow-up (8)
6 Methodological framework EIA/LCA Screening (1) EIA required No EIA required (2a) Project charact., alternatives, environment Scoping (2) (2b) Selection of impacts likely to be significant System boundaries & key impacts Impact Assessment (3) (3a) Baseline description of the environ. (3b) Impacts of the project Mitigation measures (4) Reporting (5) Review (6) Approved Decision-making (7) Not approved Redesign and resubmit Implementation and follow-up (8)
7 Methodological framework EIA/LCA Screening (1) EIA required No EIA required (2a) Project charact., alternatives, environment Scoping (2) Impact Assessment (3) (3a) Baseline description of the environ. (2b) Selection of impacts likely to be significant (3b) Impacts of the project Mitigation measures (4) Quantitative impacts, especially: - Indirect effects* - Downstream and upstream life cycle processes* - Resources depletion*, Energy*, Climate change* *DIRECTIVE 2014/52/EU Reporting (5) Review (6) Approved Decision-making (7) Not approved Redesign and resubmit Implementation and follow-up (8)
8 Methodological framework EIA/LCA Screening (1) EIA required No EIA required (2a) Project charact., alternatives, environment Scoping (2) Impact Assessment (3) (3a) Baseline description of the environ. (2b) Selection of impacts likely to be significant (3b) Impacts of the project Environ. impact of measures Mitigation measures (4) Reporting (5) Review (6) Approved Decision-making (7) Not approved Redesign and resubmit Implementation and follow-up (8)
9 Framework application to a case study Conducted ex-ante Existing EIA reports Synthesis and data analysis LCA implementation in the four EIA steps (conducted ex-post) Specific indicators for each step EIA conclusions without LCA inputs EIA enriched by LCA inputs Do the conclusions differ? 9
10 Case-studies Two Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) France (Alsace) Population Equivalent 440 p.e. (CS 1) 680 p.e. (CS 2) Phosphorus and nitrogen sensitivity 10
11 Methodological framework EIA/LCA Screening (1) EIA required No EIA required Environ. impact of alternatives (2a) Project charact., alternatives, environment Scoping (2) (2b) Selection of impacts likely to be significant Impact Assessment (3) (3a) Baseline description of the environ. (3b) Impacts of the project Mitigation measures (4) Reporting (5) Review (6) Approved Decision-making (7) Not approved Redesign and resubmit Implementation and follow-up (8)
12 Scoping Alternatives EIA with LCA Endpoint analysis Case-study 1 Case-study 2 EIA without LCA Reed bed filters (RBF) Technical criteria Activated sludge (AS) Local pressure = EIA with LCA Vert. RBF 1 AS 2 Environmental profiles AL & Vert. RBF Horiz. RBF 1 2 *AL = Artificially Aerated Lagoons AS 3 Less polluting technologies could have been chosen 12
13 Methodological framework EIA/LCA Screening (1) EIA required No EIA required (2a) Project charact., alternatives, environment Scoping (2) (2b) Selection of impacts likely to be significant System boundaries & key impacts Impact Assessment (3) (3a) Baseline description of the environ. (3b) Impacts of the project Mitigation measures (4) Reporting (5) Review (6) Approved Decision-making (7) Not approved Redesign and resubmit Implementation and follow-up (8)
14 Scoping Significance of impacts EIA with LCA Endpoint analysis, contribution of each midpoint impact to each endpoint category Without LCA inputs With LCA inputs Expert judgment and legislation Environmental profiles Water body quality Local/regional concerns Landscape Fauna & Flora Land occ. Eutrophication Human Tox. Global concerns Natural Resources (fossil, metal, water) Different scope and hotspot analysis 14
15 Methodological framework EIA/LCA Screening (1) EIA required No EIA required (2a) Project charact., alternatives, environment Scoping (2) Impact Assessment (3) (3a) Baseline description of the environ. (2b) Selection of impacts likely to be significant (3b) Impacts of the project Mitigation measures (4) Quantitative impacts, especially: - Indirect effects* - Downstream and upstream life cycle processes* - Resources depletion*, Energy*, Climate change* *DIRECTIVE 2014/52/EU Reporting (5) Review (6) Approved Decision-making (7) Not approved Redesign and resubmit Implementation and follow-up (8)
16 Impact Assessment (1/3) EIA with LCA Analysis at midpoint & endpoint level 1. Differentiation between on-site & off-site activities 2. Differentiation between local/regional & global impacts Global Off-site Resource depletion On-site CO 2, N 2 O Local / regional Ionizing radiations NO 3-16
17 Impact Assessment (2/3) EIA with LCA Analysis at midpoint & endpoint level 100% Local/Regional impacts Global impacts Case study 2 80% 60% 40% Current EIA scope 20% 0% On-site Off-site On-site Off-site On-site Off-site Human Health Ecosystems Resources 17
18 % Impact Assessment (3/3) EIA with LCA Analysis at midpoint & endpoint level 3. Contribution of life-cycle stages Case study 2 Construction (on-site) Construction (off-site) Operation (on-site) Operation (off-site) Sludge End-of-life (off-site) Global impacts Local/Regional impacts 18 Selected midpoint impacts during scoping
19 Methodological framework EIA/LCA Screening (1) EIA required No EIA required (2a) Project charact., alternatives, environment Scoping (2) Impact Assessment (3) (3a) Baseline description of the environ. (2b) Selection of impacts likely to be significant (3b) Impacts of the project Environ. impact of measures Mitigation measures (4) Reporting (5) Review (6) Approved Decision-making (7) Not approved Redesign and resubmit Implementation and follow-up (8)
20 Mitigation measures implementation EIA without LCA Impacts not analysed EIA with LCA Analysis at midpoint & endpoint level Example: reshaping the ditch Contribution can be significant (e.g. 14% of WWTP damages on resources) 20
21 Take-home message Innovative framework & applicability demonstrated EIA without LCA EIA with LCA Local impacts On-site impacts + Off-site impacts Local / Regional impacts + Global impacts Natural Resources 21
22 For more information 22
23 Thank you for your attention
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