Water Footprint: Application in the food industry. J.B. Bayart. [avnir] 4 Nov 2011 Lille

Transcription

1 [avnir] 4 Nov 2011 Lille Footprint: Application in the food industry J.B. Bayart 07/11/2011 ) Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation jean-baptiste.bayart@veolia.com

2 Impacts of water use: a gaining momentum What we can t measure, we can t manage 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation 2

3 Use and Life Cycle Assessment - History Inventory Input Oil Output Phosphorous Impacts pollution Aquatic ecotoxicity Eutrophication Aquatic Acidification Damages Ecosystem quality Human health Aluminium CO2 Human toxicity Global Warming Resources depletion... Natural Resources 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation Sophie Barteau 3

4 Use and Life Cycle Assessment - History Inventory Input Oil Output Phosphorous Impacts Aquatic ecotoxicity Eutrophication Aquatic Acidification Damages Ecosystem quality Human health Aluminium CO2 Human toxicity Global Warming Resources depletion... Natural Resources 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation Sophie Barteau 4

5 Traditional volumetric approach Corn (1 kg) 900 liters Milk (1 liter) liters Beef (1 kg) liters Coffee cup 140 liters Pork (300g) liters 1 Hamburger liters Chicken (300g) liters Orange 50 liters Volume is a very good indicator to raise awareness but not sufficient to represent the impact on water resources 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation 5

6 Gallon of water Going beyond a volumetric approach Footprint: tomato pasta sauce vs peanut candies 350 Volumetric approach The production of peanut candies requires 6 times more water than the production of tomato sauce g of tomato pasta sauce 250g of peanut candies Ridoutt, B.G., Pfister, S., A revised approach to water footprinting to make transparent the impacts of consumption and production on global freshwater scarcity. Global Environ, 20 (1), /11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation 6

7 Gallon of water Gallon-eq of water Going beyond a volumetric approach Footprint: tomato pasta sauce vs peanut candies Volumetric approach Stress-weighted water footprints Applying impact assessment factors 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation 7

8 Gallon-eq of water Going beyond a volumetric approach Footprint: tomato pasta sauce vs peanut candies Tomato sauce contributes 10 times more to freshwater depletion Stress-weighted water footprints Peanut production: rain fed agriculture Tomatoes are produced in water stressed areas 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation 8

9 Going beyond a volumetric approach Take home message n 1 Footprint is not (only) a question of the volume of water used; it should reflect the impact(s) of an activity on water bodies Footprint: life cycle impact category indicator reult(s) that assesse(s) the contribution of the system under study to water impact ISO Footprint in preparation 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation 9

10 Several methodologies in development Inventory Midpoint Databases Quantis WDB Ecoinvent GaBi WFN Frischknecht Veolia WFN WBCSD Pfister Methods Bayart Boulay Hoekstra Ridoutt Pfister Mila-I- Canals Vince Peters Boulay Human health Ecosystem quality Resources indexes resource per capita Falkenmark resource per capita and HDI Ohlsson Basic water needs Gleick Withdrawal to availability Smakhtin Alcamo Endpoint Quantis, Bayart Mila-I-Canals Mila-I-Canals Human health Ecosystem quality Resources Pfister Pfister Pfister Maendly Humbert Motoshita Boesch Van Zelm Motoshita Hanafiah Boulay Verones Raskin Seckler Pfister Frischknecht Veolia Consumption-to-availability Hoekstra Boulay Poverty Index Sullivan 10

11 Several methodologies in development Inventory Midpoint Endpoint Quantis, Databases Quantis WDB Ecoinvent GaBi WFN Frischknecht Pfister Ridoutt Pfister Veolia Hoekstra Boulay Take home message n 2 Human health Ecosystem quality Resources Bayart Mila-I-Canals Mila-I-Canals Raskin Different methodologies in development, for different purposes Seckler Human health Ecosystem quality Resources Pfister Motoshita Motoshita Boulay WFN WBCSD Pfister Maendly Humbert Van Zelm Hanafiah Verones Methods Bayart Boulay Pfister Mila-I- Canals Boesch Vince Peters indexes resource per capita Falkenmark resource per capita and HDI Ohlsson Basic water needs Gleick Withdrawal to availability Smakhtin Pfister Veolia Hoekstra Sullivan Alcamo Frischknecht Consumption-to-availability Boulay Poverty Index 11

12 Example: the Impact Index a simplified water footprint metric The Impact Index accounts for the reduction of water resources availability generated by a human activity. It allows evaluating how other water users (both humans and ecosystems) would potentially be deprived from this resource. expressed in m 3 Impact Index - equivalent 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation 12

13 Application: industrial water management Functional unit: water management of a food can factory for producing 10 tons of product Factory Food production process 1 Food production process 2 Food production process i Energy; Chemicals treatment process 1 treatment process 2 treatment process i Sludges Municipal WWTP RIVER 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation 13

14 Application: industrial water management Functional unit: water management of a food can factory for producing 10 tons of product Food production process 1 Food production process 2 Food production process i System boundaries Energy; Chemicals treatment process 1 treatment process 2 treatment process i Sludges Municipal WWTP RIVER 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation 14

15 Application: industrial water management - results Raw water abstraction is responsible for water availability decrease 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation 15

16 Application: industrial water management - results Raw water abstraction is responsible for water availability decrease release = limited decrease of the Impact Index (quality degradation) 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation 16

17 Application: industrial water management - results Raw water abstraction is responsible for water availability decrease release = limited decrease of the Impact Index (quality degradation) Important contribution of indirect Impact Index (because of scarcity) 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation 17

18 withdrawal vs Impact Index Higher contribution of chemicals production (assumed to be produced in Spain) Scarcity Spain: WSI = 0.7 Plant location: WSI =

19 Application: industrial water management Wish: implementing water reuse. Is it «water friendly»? Food production process 1 Food production process 2 Indirect effect: reduction of chemicals and energy consumption Food production process i Energy; Chemicals treatment process 1 treatment process 2 treatment process i Sludges Municipal WWTP RIVER 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation 19

20 Application: industrial water management Reduction of direct water impact index through water saving but higher benefit from chemicals and energy saving! (better leverage for improvement) An optimum should be find between direct water saving and energy/chemicals consumption Take home message n 3 Footprint is already an operational decision-support tool

21 Combination of decision support tools «Footprint» combination 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation Sophie Barteau 21

22 Conclusion Take home message n 1 Footprint is not (only) a question of the volume of water used; it should reflect the impact(s) of an activity on water bodies Take home message n 2 Different methodologies in development, for different purposes Take home message n 3 Footprint is already an operational decision-support tool 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation 22

23 [avnir] 4 Nov 2011 Lille Thank you for your attention jean-baptiste.bayart@veolia.com 07/11/2011 ) Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation