McHenry County Solid Waste Plan

Transcription

1 McHenry County Solid Waste Plan McHenry County Department of Health

2 Prepared by McHenry County Department of Health 2200 North Seminary Avenue Woodstock, IL Agency Staff Patrick J. McNulty, Public Health Administrator Patricia Nomm, Director of Environmental Health Kristy Hecke, Solid Waste Manager Solid Waste Advisory Committee 2 P a g e Mike Brink - Waste Management Carlo Cavallaro - U s Again LLC Megan Copley - Copley Roofing Dwight Dalton - Environmental Defenders of McHenry County Pat Diefkhoff - Lou Marchi Total Recycling Institute at MCC Bethany Gola - McHenry County Schools Environmental Education Program Karen Dombrowski - McHenry County Schools Environmental Education Program Emmanuel Gomez - Village of Lake in the Hills Joseph Hallman - City of Marengo Police Department Andrew Hornbeck - The Dow Chemical Company Ken Hoving - K. Hoving Companies Tom Jensen - Environmental Defenders of McHenry County Sue Jensen - Environmental Defenders of McHenry County John Kelly - McHenry County Planning & Development Department Michael Kumbera - Village of Algonquin Tim Lintner - Allied Waste/Republic Denise Mayhew - Doc s Dumpster Service Robert Miller - Algonquin Township Road District Josh Molnar - Groot Industries Darrell Moore - McHenry County Planning and Development Department Bob Pfister - Veolia Environmental Services Kathy Powles - Falcon Green Resources, Inc. James Reaves - University of Illinois Extension Leslie Schermerhorn - McHenry County Regional Office of Education Steve Schweinsberg - Prairieland Recycling and Disposal Amy Timmerman - Sage Products, Inc. Dan Volkers - McHenry County Farm Bureau Molly Walsh - League of Women Voters of McHenry County Greg York - MDC Environmental Services Prepared for: McHenry County

3 McHenry County Solid Waste Management Plan 2012 Contents Executive Summary... 6 Introduction Scope of McHenry County Solid Waste Management Plan Update Policies Regional Authorities and Roles Plan Organization Demographics Population Projections Employment Solid Waste Generation and Management Waste Generation Residential Commercial/Institutional (Non-Residential) Construction/Demolition Waste Composition Waste Management Source Reduction Recycling and Reuse Household Hazardous Waste Disposal Services Disposal in Landfills Capacity Compliance Infrastructure Municipal Solid Waste Transfer Station Landscape Waste Transfer Stations P a g e

4 Landscape Waste Compost Facilities General Construction and Demolition Material Processing Facility Beneficial Use Determinations Alternative Recycling Businesses Alternative Disposal Technologies Volume Reduction Education and Information Information Campaign McHenry County Schools Environmental Education Program Regulatory Component Local Ordinances State Legislation Waste-Based Economic Development Waste and Recycling-based Economic Activity Finance Implementation Status of 2007 Plan Update New Recommendations and Implementation Efforts Target Goals Policy Administrative Public Outreach and Education Legislative Initiatives Finance and Waste-Based Economic Development Recycling Landfilling Household Hazardous Waste Franchised Solid Waste Services Appendix P a g e

5 Table of Tables Table 1: 2010 McHenry County Demographics Table 2: DCEO and CMAP Population Projections for McHenry County Table 3: Household Living Forecast for McHenry County Table 4: Population Projections for McHenry and Neighboring Counties Table 5: Top Three Employing Industries in McHenry County (2007) Table 6: Overall Employment Forecast Table 7: Snapshot of Agricultural Activities in McHenry County (2007) Table 8: Solid Waste Generation Table 9: Year 2012 Total Generated Solid Waste by Sector Table 10: Year 2011 Total Generated Solid Waste by Sector Table 11: Year 2010 Total Generated Solid Waste by Sector Table 12: Year 2009 Total Generated Solid Waste by Sector Table 13: Year 2008 Total Generated Solid Waste by Sector Table 14: PCD Based on Illinois EPA Annual Survey Table 15: Residential Solid Waste Generation Table 16: Commercial and Institutional Solid Waste Generation Table 17: Construction and Demolition Solid Waste Generation Table 18: Composition of Landfilled Waste by Weight Table 19: Alternative Technology Considerations Table 20: McHenry County Waste Related Employment P a g e

6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Solid Waste Planning and Recycling Act of 1988 requires each county to develop a waste management plan to manage the municipal solid waste generated within its borders. McHenry County adopted its first Solid Waste Management Plan in 1992 and has since adopted the required five year updates in 1997, 2002, and Since the 15 Year Plan Update, recycling programs have evolved to include more materials such as electronics, construction and demolition debris, landscape waste and food scraps. At the same time, the County s population has grown from 183,241 in 1990 to 308,944 in 2011 (US Census Bureau.) McHenry County s solid waste generation per capita rate has remained fairly consistent; however, as the population increases the amount of solid waste generated will also increase. McHenry County does not have an active municipal sanitary landfill; therefore, all of the solid waste that is land filled leaves the county. The farther that solid waste must travel, the greater the economic cost and environmental impact. However, McHenry County does have a significant waste management infrastructure including municipal solid waste and landscape waste transfer stations, landscape waste composting facilities, and a construction and demolition waste processing center. In addition, there are numerous recycling and reuse oriented businesses, institutions and organizations. These facilities can direct more material to be processed in McHenry County so that less waste must be transported to remote disposal sites. The planning process was structured to provide opportunities for stakeholder engagement, review waste management and generation data, determine if methodological changes should be made to data collection and rate calculations, assess infrastructure and recycler capability, determine how best the county can increase recycling and solid waste diversion and remove barriers to recycling and re-use to promote a vibrant economy. A consultant, Delta Institute, was obtained to provide technical assistance and facilitate the planning process. A Solid Waste Advisory Committee was established with representation from municipalities, municipal solid waste haulers, recyclers, entrepreneurs, farmers, businesses and environmental groups. Two surveys were conducted, one for the general public and one for solid waste haulers, to obtain additional input. 508 survey responses were received from the public, and 10 survey responses were received from licensed municipal solid waste haulers. The residents of McHenry County have historically been very interested in solid waste management and recycling. The population of McHenry County is expected to continue to grow, and as the population increases, it is expected that the overall generated solid waste will increase. McHenry County has a current overall recycling rate of approximately 35%, which exceeds the state recycling standard of 25%. The overall recycling rate is a combination of the residential, commercial and construction and demolition debris recycling rates. Data is collected annually from the licensed municipal solid waste haulers (required) and collectors and recyclers (voluntary) to calculate the recycling rates. The process for data collection and rate calculations were reviewed during the planning process. The consultant recommends that staff continue to work toward improving voluntary participation by recyclers and collectors and that 6 P a g e

7 staff collect data more frequently from solid waste haulers. This should result in higher quality and more comprehensive disposal and recycling information. A discussion of recycling rates and their calculation is included in the appendix. McHenry County also has a comprehensive solid waste enforcement program. Enforcement authority is provided in the McHenry County Public Health Ordinance, Municipal Waste Hauler Licensing Ordinance, Pollution Control Facility Siting Ordinance, Residential Recycling Ordinance, and a delegation agreement with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. One of the Solid Waste Advisory Committee s recommendations is to review the individual ordinances for potential updates and to remove any unnecessary barriers to recycling. McHenry County has an active solid waste & recycling education program for county residents. The McHenry County Environmental Education Program provides environmental education for thousands of K 12 students each year. A variety of agencies and the Department of Health regularly provide recycling information to residents directly and through their websites. The Solid Waste Advisory Committee recommends that the Department expand its webpage with additional information and linkages to other websites to create one comprehensive solid waste management information site for county residents. There are numerous local programs to promote and maximize recycling and re-use throughout the county. These include, The McHenry County Green Guide published by the Lou Marchi Total Recycling Institute at MCC, the McHenry County Green Awards, the McHenry County Green Team, franchised solid waste removal services in unincorporated areas of the county, and a variety of township, municipal, law enforcement and citizen programs that allow for recycling and/or proper disposal of latex paint, electronics, Christmas tree lights, pharmaceuticals, textiles, batteries, Styrofoam and CFLs. An assessment of current landfill capacity to serve the Northern Illinois area was completed. Currently there is approximately 12 years of landfill capacity in the Chicago Metropolitan area, and approximately 16 years of landfill capacity in Northwestern Illinois. Solid waste from Northern Illinois is also transported to Southern Wisconsin which has limited landfill capacity; there is one landfill in Southern Wisconsin which has up to 10 years of capacity. Some local waste haulers are considering utilizing landfills in Indiana, where there is landfill capacity up to 92 years; however, transporting waste to remote areas may cost significantly more. One of the greatest challenges is to identify funding sources for solid waste recycling and reuse programs. Recent funding reductions at the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency have had significant impacts on existing solid waste management programs including household hazardous waste collections, latex paint collection, and tire collections. This means that local governments, agencies and organizations will have to look at innovative ways to fund programming to ensure that residents continue to have access to recycling programs for a variety of products and materials. One of the most important trends in this regard is the national product stewardship initiative. This requires manufacturers of products to provide a mechanism for those products to be recycled. The best example of this strategy is in the electronics industry where covered electronic devices were banned from landfills effective January 1, Manufacturers are required to collect electronic devices to be recycled at no cost to residents. This has resulted in multiple opportunities for residents to recycle a variety of electronics locally. On a state and national level, the greatest 7 P a g e

8 opportunities for product stewardship legislation include mattresses, paints, medical sharps, pharmaceuticals and fluorescent lamps. Waste management, pre-cycling, reuse and recycling also provide opportunities for economic development because local waste management of waste materials keeps jobs local by processing the materials nearby. The Illinois Department of Commerce & Economic Opportunity estimates that the combined direct, indirect and induced impacts of Illinois recycling, recycling reliant and reuse industries contribute a total of 115,000 jobs with a payroll of 3.6 billion dollars. The US Department of Labor Statistics estimates that McHenry County is home to 177 waste management related full time jobs. A potential additional opportunity for economic development through waste management is through deconstruction as opposed to demolition. Deconstruction of structures allows for recycling or reuse of many of the building components. The feasibility of deconstruction is dependent upon regional and market factors. This is being done successfully in Cook County, and the Solid Waste Advisory Committee recommends that the potential to create a Deconstruction Ordinance for McHenry County be fully evaluated. Deconstruction is discussed further in the appendix. The Solid Waste Advisory Committee recommends the following goals for solid waste management in McHenry County: Increase the McHenry County overall Solid Waste Recycling rate from 35% to 45% by December 31, Reduce the McHenry County Solid Waste disposal rate from 4.07 pounds per capita per day to 3.57 pounds per capita per day. The Solid Waste Advisory Committee, Consultant and Staff recommend that following activities be undertaken to reach the target goals: Policy McHenry County should continue the coordinated county-wide approach to the management and disposal of all nonhazardous solid waste generated within McHenry County, including the management of recyclable and recoverable materials. An increased emphasis should be placed on non-residential solid waste including commercial, industrial waste and construction and demolition debris. Administrative Establish a standing Solid Waste Advisory Committee, with broad based representation, to meet quarterly to discuss and provide input on the implementation of the recommendations in the Solid Waste Plan. Maintain and Expand collection of data on recycling activity in McHenry County. Identify significant recycling data points that reflect changes in recycling activity in McHenry County and develop programming that fosters increased diversion of recyclable materials. Update the Annual Waste Hauler Survey to monthly or quarterly data collection. 8 P a g e

9 Convert the Annual Waste Hauler Survey from paper submission to electronic data collection. Evaluate the potential to collect waste composition data from Licensed Municipal Solid Waste Haulers. Continue to expand the number of collectors and recyclers that provide accurate information on recycling/disposal rates to the Solid Waste Manager. Public Outreach and Education: Provide leadership and support to municipalities and other entities in McHenry County seeking to improve overall waste management. Provide model documents such as franchised solid waste removal agreements, best management practices and other guidance. Revise current website to provide at a minimum: o Waste Hauler Specific Information o Recycling Information for Residents o Regulatory Information o Best Management Practices for municipalities, businesses and institutions o Residential Service Information o Information should include requirements, links to annual survey, events and opportunities, relevant ordinances, model contracts, flyers and other tools, franchise information. Continue to support and partner with the McHenry County Schools Environmental Education Program to provide quality solid waste education to school aged children in McHenry County. Incorporate new information technologies in promotional efforts (i.e. social media, websites, services, etc.). Develop partnerships with the business community, solid waste haulers, institutions, service and professional organizations, and governmental entities to expand the outreach potential for focused educational efforts. Encourage municipalities, townships and civic groups throughout McHenry County to continue to advertise events and programs on their websites, in community newsletters, and e-list bulletin announcements to provide information to their residents. Establish quarterly meeting series for municipal leaders, property managers, waste haulers and recyclers to share best management practices. Utilize business forums hosted in conjunction with Chambers of Commerce to provide opportunities to help businesses to effectively manage waste. 9 P a g e

10 Continue to provide McHenry County Green Awards to highlight innovative or exemplary solid waste management by businesses, organizations or institutions. Continue to support the publication of the McHenry County Green Guide. Legislative Initiatives Where appropriate support legislative initiatives of groups such as SWANA, Illinois Product Stewardship Institute working group and Illinois Recycling Association to support legislation that shifts the onus to manufacturers of items with significant end of life management costs from local governments. Engage the Task Force on Advancement of Materials Recycling to monitor any recommended changes to Solid Waste Planning for counties, funding opportunities, and new Illinois solid waste initiatives. Review the Municipal Waste Hauler Licensing Ordinance, Residential Recycling Ordinance, and Pollution Control Facility Siting Ordinances for potential updates and changes that may minimize barriers to recycling. Finance and Waste-based Economic Development McHenry County should monitor and apply to federal, state and local sources for grants to be used for solid waste programming when such funding is consistent with the goals of the plan. Work with McHenry County Department of Health and municipalities to evaluate the potential to develop a deconstruction ordinance to require demolition contractors to recycle a specified percentage by weight of construction materials for demolition projects and to require that a specified percentage from residential projects is diverted for reuse. Encourage contiguous businesses to pursue shared service agreements with solid waste haulers to enable smaller businesses to afford higher quality services that maximize recycling opportunities. Consider strategic partnership with workforce development partners and McHenry County Community College to provide deconstruction training. Work with Department of Planning & Development and Economic Development Groups to identify potential partners in salvage store business, second hand or vintage retailers to accept and sell deconstruction materials. Recycling Encourage all McHenry County municipalities to establish volume based pricing in solid waste franchise agreements. 10 P a g e

11 Work closely with municipalities to identify solid waste programming successes and potential model programs that can be shared with others. Encourage commercial and industrial establishments, institutions, governmental agencies and other nonresidential entities to participate in source reduction activities and to provide street side recycling wherever waste containers are located. Depending on availability of funds and priorities, further the development of source reduction programs, special events and recycling for items including tires, electronics, batteries, plastic bags, etc. Encourage the development of programs to increase the collection of residential and composting of organic material including landscape waste, food scrap and livestock waste. Landfilling Maintain contact with landfills in Region 1, Region 2 and southeastern Wisconsin to request landfill based information for waste originating in McHenry County. Household Hazardous Waste Identify mechanisms to assure Household Hazardous Waste Collection opportunities independent of IEPA funds. Encourage and support municipalities and other agencies or entities in the establishment and maintenance of supplement Household Hazardous Waste Collection programs including Partner for Paint, fluorescent lamps, waste oil, etc. Continue to provide residents with information on the four (4) permanent household hazardous collection sites in Northern Illinois, which are open to all Illinois residents. Franchised Solid Waste Services Evaluate the extent to which municipal solid waste franchising should be implemented in unincorporated areas of McHenry County. 11 P a g e

12 INTRODUCTION With the passage of the Solid Waste Planning and Recycling Act in 1988, counties were required to develop waste management plans to manage the municipal solid waste generated within their borders. McHenry County adopted its first Solid Waste Management Plan in 1992 titled Solid Waste Management Plan, , Phase I and Phase II and has since adopted the required five year updates in 1997, 2002 and in Since the 15 Year Plan Update, recycling programs have evolved to include more materials such as electronic recycling, construction and demolition debris, landscape waste and food scraps. At the same time, the County s population has grown from 183,241 in 1990 to 308,944 in 2011 according to the U.S. Census. While population has grown quickly, McHenry County s waste generation per capita rate has increased steadily following national trends. Combined with the significant population growth, the impact of moderate increases in waste per capita disposed is significant. The need for waste management based on the three R s reduction, reuse and recycling is compounded by the lack of an active municipal sanitary landfill within McHenry County. The farther waste must travel, the greater the economic cost and environmental impact, such as higher transportation costs and air pollution related to fuel usage. While McHenry County does not have an active landfill, it hosts significant waste management infrastructure such as transfer stations and collectors and recyclers that together can direct more material to be processed in McHenry County and ideally transport less waste to remote disposal sites. Recommendations for the next 5 years are discussed in the final chapter of the plan document. The recommendations reflect the changing role of county and local governments in solid waste management from the provision of services and facilities to policy formulation, public education and information, monitoring, regulation, oversight, coordination, support, technical assistance and finance. 12 P a g e

13 SCOPE OF MCHENRY COUNTY SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN UPDATE The McHenry County Department of Health began the Solid Waste Management Plan update process in February of 2012 with an assessment of the capacity and needs of the Department and review of all preceding plan documents. After careful review of those documents, the Department of Health determined that the plan process should accomplish several objectives: provide opportunities for stakeholder engagement, review waste management and generation data to determine if methodological changes should be made, assess infrastructure and recycler capability, determine how best the County can increase recycling and solid waste diversion and remove barriers to recycling and reuse and promote a vibrant economy. In August, the Department of Health retained the Delta Institute, a not-for-profit organization to provide technical assistance during the solid waste management planning process. Delta Institute is a center of innovation that creates market opportunities to achieve environmental sustainability and economic development. In partnership with business, government and local communities, the organization develops and implements practical solutions to build regional economies that are job rich and inclusive. In addition to Solid Waste Management Plans, the Delta Institute is nationally recognized for its success with waste-based economic development. The Delta Institute provided technical assistance to the County for the solid waste planning process. Delta Institute provided capacity analysis of landfills that serve Northern Illinois, identified anticipated and pending legislation that may impact solid waste management, evaluated the current waste generation methodology, provided an overview of emerging trends in solid waste management, assisted the county with surveys of municipal solid waste haulers and the general public, facilitated three Solid Waste Advisory Committee meetings, provided recommendations for the plan based on the input of the Solid Waste Advisory Committee and advised on the formatting of the larger plan. The plan process provided many opportunities for stakeholder engagement. The Solid Waste Advisory Committee (Advisory) was recruited to reflect stakeholders such as municipalities, municipal solid waste haulers, recyclers, entrepreneurs, farmers, commercial interests and environmental quality. The Advisory met four times to review the process, identify needs, achieve consensus on goals and strategies for McHenry County and ultimately to ensure that the plan would move McHenry County in the right direction. Concurrently, the Department of Health conducted two surveys to collect input from a broader audience. A general public survey was conducted in October 2012 for residents, businesses, organizations and institutions to assist with identifying the most pressing needs for the Solid Waste Plan. A second survey was conducted in November 2012 to solicit input from municipal solid waste haulers. Municipal solid waste haulers were able to provide an on-the-ground view of solid waste management. POLICIES Regional Authorities and Roles Since the 15 Year Update, Solid Waste Management has been transitioned from the Planning and Development Department to the McHenry County Department of Health. Now the Department of Health is the department responsible for implementing the plan and preparing update recommendations on behalf of the County. The Solid 13 P a g e

14 Waste Manager is the contact staff person within the Department responsible for the plan implementation with oversight from the Director of the Division of Environmental Health. Since transitioning solid waste management to the Department of Health the Solid Waste Manager has continued to raise awareness of important waste and recycling issues to support positive behavior change as well as effectively deliver programs mutually beneficial to public health and solid waste management. These include facilitating franchised solid waste service programs in unincorporated areas of the county and electronics recycling events. Additionally the Solid Waste Manager continues to support and promote a variety of other community recycling events including unwanted medication collection and holiday light recycling programs. The County continues to support established programs in the areas of solid waste management planning, enforcement and education. McHenry County is responsible to the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) for the Five Year Solid Waste Plan Update and providing waste and recycling data through the annual survey. IEPA - maintains a delegate agency agreement with McHenry County to enforce non-hazardous solid waste issues within the county. In 2009, the County facilitated franchised solid waste removal services to residents in designated unincorporated areas. In addition, the County provides education and general solid waste management information through the Health Department. The McHenry County Schools Environmental Education Program (MCSEEP) provides an environmental educational lesson library to schools with a focus on recycling, positive behavior change and solid waste management. PLAN ORGANIZATION This Solid Waste Plan is organized into five (5) key sections: Solid Waste Generation and Management Education and Information Waste Based Economic Development Current Practices Recommended Plan Goals and Objectives Several attachments have been appended to the document. Those have been provided in the appendix: o o o o o o o Solid Waste Advisory Committee Meeting Agendas General Survey Results Municipal Solid Waste Hauler Survey Results Advisory Committee Ranking of Plan Recommendations Plan Recommendations Submitted to Advisory Committee Landfill Capacity Analysis McHenry County Solid Waste Collection and Waste Generation Data Management Recommendations 14 P a g e

15 o o o o o o o o o o Municipal Waste Hauler License Application and Annual Report Recycler/Collector Survey Methodology for Calculation of Recycling Rate and Disposal Rate Illinois EPA Annual Survey Analysis 20 Year Plan Update (IEPA Form) Previous Plan (15 YR Plan Update) McHenry County Solid Waste Ordinances Timeline Legislative Update Deconstruction Retailing in McHenry County: An Initial Investigation Example Innovative Waste Reduction and Diversion Programs Demographics Projections of population, households and employment for McHenry County were developed using Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning forecasts, Census data and where possible McHenry County s own projections. Demographic projections support the planning process by helping the County to understand its needs in the short, medium and long term. Table 1 provides a snapshot of the most recent population demographics data via the 2010 U.S. Census for McHenry County. Table 1: 2010 McHenry County Demographics 2010 Demographic Snapshot Total Population 308,760 Median Age 38.0 Percent Age 65 and Older 10.1 Percent Male 49.9 Percent Female 50.1 Percent White 91.7 Percent Hispanic/Latino 11.4 Percent Asian 3.1 Percent Black/African American 1.5 Percent American Indian/Alaska Native 0.7 Percent Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 0.1 Percent Other Race 4.8 Percent in Households 99.5 Average Household Size 2.81 Average Family Size 3.25 Source: P a g e

16 Population Projections The population in McHenry County is expected to grow, and this prediction is reflected in multiple different projections. Table 2 shows projections following the 2010 U.S. Census by both the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity (DCEO) and the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP). Both projections show an increase in overall population for the short-term (through 2020) as well as for the long term (2030). Table 2: DCEO and CMAP Population Projections for McHenry County Projection Year DCEO CMAP , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,594 Source: 2. McHenry County has experienced significant growth and will continue its growth trajectory. The vast majority of the total McHenry County population resides in households as opposed to group quarters. According to 2010 U.S. Census data and projections from the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning for the year 2040, the number of households is forecasted to increase, as well as the total population in households. Meanwhile, the number of people living in group quarters is expected to decrease. These forecasts can be found in Table 3. Table 3: Household Living Forecast for McHenry County Households Total Population Total Population Employment in Households in Group Quarters* 2010 Census 109, , , Forecast 184, , ,829 Total Change 75, , ,600 % Change 69% 72% -5% 106% Source: P a g e

17 *Group quarters may include college residence halls, residential treatment centers, skilled nursing facilities, group homes, military barracks, correctional facilities and workers dormitories. This projected growth is commensurate with growth projected for neighboring counties in Illinois. Projected population data for each county bordering McHenry County in Illinois are provided in Table 4. These data are compiled from the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity s total population projections for Illinois counties. Table 4: Population Projections for McHenry County and Neighboring Counties. Year County McHenry 377, , , ,398 Boone 46,773 48,540 50,807 52,161 DeKalb 108, , , ,200 Kane 572, , , ,403 Cook 5,562,950 5,707,832 5,835,948 5,990,243 Lake 794, , , ,024 Source: 4,7. Employment McHenry County s employment is concentrated in the Manufacturing, Retail Trade, Health Care and Social Assistance, and job growth is expected to mirror population growth through Table 5 shows the top three industries for employees in McHenry County according to the 2007 Economic Census. Table 5: Top Three Employing Industries in McHenry County (2007) Industry Number of Employees in 2007 Manufacturing 21,462 Retail Trade 15,034 Health Care and Social Assistance 10,348 Source: P a g e

18 Table 6 displays the forecasted increase in employment according to the 2010 Census and CMAP 2040 forecast. Table 6: Overall Employment Forecast 2010 Census 91, Forecast 187,829 Total Change 96,600 % Change 106% Source: 3. While agriculture is not one of the top three industries providing employment, McHenry County does have a considerable amount of land devoted to farming and agricultural activities. Table 7 provides a snapshot overview of agriculture in McHenry County according to the 2007 Census of Agriculture. Table 7: Snapshot of Agricultural Activities in McHenry County (2007) Number of Farms (farms) 1,035 Land in Farms (acres) 215,584 Average Farm Size (acres) 208 Median Farm Size (acres) 17 Total Cropland (farms) 830 Total Cropland (acres) 198,762 Average Net Cash Received Per Farm $40,419 Source: 6. SOLID WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT Waste Generation This section presents updated solid waste generation information for McHenry County. McHenry County conducts annual surveys of municipal solid waste haulers and recyclers to collect information on solid waste quantities, recycling and disposal during the license renewal process. Participation is required per the McHenry County Municipal Waste Hauler Licensing Ordinance. In addition to licensed municipal solid waste haulers, recyclers and other collectors are also surveyed. The data collected is used to determine solid waste generation, disposal and recycling rates. Table 8 summarizes solid waste generation for years P a g e

19 Table 8: Solid Waste Generation (Actual) Year 2012 Measured in tons (includes waste hauler Total Generated Waste Total Recycled Recycling Rate Total Landfilled data and collector data) Residential % Commercial and Institutional % Construction and Demolition % Total % Year 2011 Measured in tons (includes waste hauler Total Generated Waste Total Recycled Recycling Rate Total Landfilled data and collector data) Residential 167,235 53, % 114,228.4 Commercial and Institutional 85, , % 73,064.5 Construction and Demolition 101, , % 41,916 Total 354, , % 229,208.9 Year 2010 Measured in tons (includes waste hauler Total Generated Waste Total Recycled Recycling Rate Total Landfilled data and collector data) Residential 169, , % 112, Commercial and Institutional 114, , % 75, Construction and Demolition 97, , % 36,509.7 Total 381, , % 224,110.0 Year 2009 Measured in tons (includes waste hauler Total Generated Waste Total Recycled Recycling Rate Total Landfilled data and collector data) Residential 168, , % 114, Commercial and Institutional 72, , % 63, Construction and Demolition 126, , % 42, Total 367, , % 220, Year 2008 Measured in tons (includes waste hauler Total Generated Waste Total Recycled Recycling Rate Total Landfilled data and collector data) Residential 196, , % 123,525.7 Commercial and Institutional 136, , % 121,161.3 Construction and Demolition 120, , % 44,791.3 Total 454, , % 289,478.3 Between years , residentially generated solid waste has typically represented between 43-47% of all waste with commercial representing between 20-34% and construction and demolition representing 25-34%. [It should be noted that multiple recyclable materials are reflected in the Total Recycled data which includes traditional recyclable materials (i.e. paper, glass, plastic, metal), landscape waste, electronics, textiles, construction and demolition debris, latex paint, etc. It excludes waste materials such as used motor oil burned for heating purposes (waste to energy).] 19 P a g e

20 Table 9: Year 2012 Total Generated Solid Waste by Sector Year 2012 Total Generated Solid Waste Residential 27% 34% 39% Commercial and Institutional Construction and Demolition Table 10: Year 2011 Total Generated Solid Waste by Sector Year 2011 Total Generated Solid Waste Table 11: Year 2010 Total Generated Solid Waste by Sector Year 2010 Total Generated Solid Waste Residential Residential 29% 47% Commercial and Institutional 25% 45% Commercial and Institutional 24% Construction and Demolition 30% Construction and Demolition Table 12: Year 2009 Total Generated Solid Waste by Sector Year 2009 Total Generated Solid Waste Table 13: Year 2008 Total Generated Solid Waste by Sector Year 2008 Total Generated Solid Waste Residential Residential 34% 46% Commercial and Institutional 27% 43% Commercial and Institutional 20% Construction and Demolition 30% Construction and Demolition 20 P a g e

21 Table 14: PCD Generated Solid Waste Based on Illinois EPA Annual Survey Year Population PCD , , , , , , , , , , , , PCD= pounds per capita per day Solid waste generation data is gathered from licensed municipal solid waste haulers and from recyclers and other collectors for the three (3) main sources of solid waste: 1. Residential 2. Commercial/Institutional 3. Construction & Demolition Residential The residential sector represents the largest portion of our total solid waste stream. The residential recycling rate has remained fairly consistent for that same time period ranging from 31-37% (See Table 15). In addition to regular curbside solid waste removal and recycling services from municipal solid waste haulers, there are multiple recycling and reuse options available to residents that are described in further detail in the Recycling and Reuse section of the plan. Table 15: Residential Solid Waste Generation Year Population Total Generated Solid Waste (Tons) Total Recycled (Tons) Recycling Rate Total Landfilled (Tons) , , , % 100, , ,235 53, % 114, , , , % 112, , , , % 114, , , , % 123, P a g e

22 Commercial/ Institutional (Non-Residential) Commercial/institutional waste consists of solid waste generated by businesses, governmental agencies and institutions (i.e. schools, hospitals). Commercial/industrial solid waste also includes industrial lunchroom and office waste, but excludes special waste generated by manufacturing or industrial operations. It also excludes construction and demolition waste. Typically businesses independently contract with licensed municipal solid waste haulers for refuse and recycling collection services. Commercial/institutional solid waste generation is reported through the McHenry County Municipal Waste Hauler License Application and Annual Report and through recyclers and other collectors that provide data to McHenry County. Despite the requirement of licensed municipal solid waste haulers to provide data via the required reporting, accurate and complete data can be very difficult to capture. Commercial/institutional solid waste is frequently collected by a wider scope of haulers, some of whom do not regularly provide collection service in the County and are therefore not licensed. Data may also be unreported or under-reported as this data may be considered proprietary information, and shipments may be directly returned to distributors and unknown recyclers. The 2010 recycling data was much improved demonstrating a jump in overall disposal information and improved recycling and waste diversion. This increase is a result of a deliberate attempt to obtain more data through a voluntary survey from additional recyclers and collectors that were able to define the recycling activities associated with the commercial/institutional source. Table 16: Commercial and Institutional Solid Waste Generation Year Population Total Generated Solid Waste (Tons) Total Recycled (Tons) Recycling Rate Total Landfilled (Tons) , , , % 69, ,944 85, , % 73, , , , % 75, ,641 72, , % 63, , , , % 121, Construction/Demolition Improvements in recycling of construction and demolition waste have been significant thereby removing over half of the construction and demolition waste from the total landfilled solid waste. Because construction and demolition waste represents between 25-34% of the total solid waste stream, the addition of a large-scale permitted general construction & demolition debris recycling processing facility in Cary, Illinois and improvements in recycling have had a significant overall impact on recycling rates for the County. 22 P a g e

23 Table 17: Construction and Demolition Solid Waste Generation Year Population Total Generated Solid Waste (Tons) Total Recycled (Tons) Recycling Rate Total Landfilled (Tons) , , , % 32, , , , % 41, ,760 97, , % 36, , , , % 42, , , , % 44, Waste Composition McHenry County does not currently collect solid waste composition data; however, the 2009 Illinois Commodity/Waste Generation and Characterization Study provides acquired data for the types and quantities of materials generated, the generating sectors, the quantities that are potentially recoverable and those that are otherwise disposed within Illinois. The study incorporated samples from two landfills in Lake County. We assume that McHenry County s waste composition will be similar to that of Lake County Landfills and the Illinois Average. It would be reasonable to assume that McHenry County solid waste composition would be represented in Table 18 below because McHenry County solid waste is commonly disposed in Lake County municipal sanitary landfills. Table 18: Composition of Landfilled Waste by Weight Material Lake County Landfills Illinois Average Paper 21.6% 26.2% Newspaper 2% 3.1% Corrugated 6.3% 11% Other Paper 13.3% 12.2% Plastic 19.4% 14.4% #1-#7 Containers 3.5% 4% Plastic Film 5.3% 4.8% Other Plastic 10.6% 5.6% Glass 2.2% 3.2% Metal 5.2% 5.3% Aluminum Cans.4%.4% Tin Cans 1.1% 5.3% Other Metals 3.7% 3.9% Organics 18.2% 22.2% Yard Waste 3.6% 2.8% Food Scraps 8.9% 13.4% Other Organics 5.7% 6% Inorganics 4.2% 2.6% Computers/Electronics* 4.1% 1.4% Appliances 0% 0% 23 P a g e

24 Tires 0%.2% Other Inorganic.1% 1% Textiles 10.5% 7.7% HHW.2%.5% Construction/Demolition* 18.4% 18% Wood 13.3% 10% Other 5.1% 8% Total 100% 100.1% Number of Samples Source: CDM, Illinois Commodity/Waste Generation and Characterization Study, May 22, 2009 (SIC) *Recent legislative initiatives should reduce percentage. It should be noted that since samples were evaluated, significant legislative reforms for electronics recycling and construction and demolition waste have occurred. This has resulted in the reduction of electronics, appliances, wood and other construction/demolition debris represented in the solid waste composition table. Additionally, it should also be noted that we assume that McHenry County s organics may represent a larger percentage than Lake County. This may be the case because Lake County has a greater number of food scrap composting sites than McHenry County. Waste Management The objective of solid waste management is to maximize waste reduction, recycling and reuse in order to minimize reliance on landfills for disposal, while protecting public health and the environment. The primary goal has been to exceed the Illinois waste recycling goal of 25%, which was established by the Illinois Solid Waste Planning and Recycling Act, and to meet the local goals established for the county. The overall management strategies include improving source reduction, reuse and recycling options, household hazardous waste disposal services, infrastructure, data collection, alternative waste disposal and lastly disposal in landfills. The success of any of these strategies is contingent upon educational outreach to ensure source reduction is a priority. Source Reduction As the population in McHenry County increases, we would expect the overall generated solid waste to increase. As described in Table 13, the average pounds per capita per day (pcd) generated solid waste rate has remained fairly consistent over the last ten years with a range of 6.1 to 7.8 pounds per person per day-but even at a constant rate, population growth will prompt action. This population growth places an emphasis on source reduction strategies to reduce the amount of solid waste that is disposed in landfills, which is measured as pounds per capita per day (pcd) disposal rate. The more solid waste diverted from disposal in landfills would represent improved source reduction 24 P a g e

25 efforts. This methodology will help to quantify source reduction, reuse, recycling and alternative disposal efforts. Tracking the useful metric of pcd disposal rate will be discussed in detail later in the plan. Source reduction strategies include purchasing only the amount of materials required for a specific job to avoid creating waste; using reusable containers; using reusable bags instead of disposable bags; using a refillable water bottle instead of purchasing single use bottled water, and making an effort to purchase quality, long lasting products. Management should be a reflection of the effectiveness of source reduction; however this number is greatly impacted by changes in demographics and economic factors. Multi-sector waste minimization can be done with policy support and behavioral change such as green purchasing initiatives, which involve buying products with less packaging, products that last longer, etc. Consumer awareness of the design and manufacture of products with minimum toxic content, smaller volume of material, and a longer useful life is crucial to source reduction. The policy on procurement for McHenry County departments provides an example for other businesses and agencies throughout the County. Another popular source reduction strategy that has been promoted by the county is volume based pricing for solid waste disposal, where disposal of more waste is more costly. Variably priced containers incentivize source reduction at the residential and commercial/institutional levels. Recycling and Reuse There are numerous mechanisms to promote and maximize recycling and reuse throughout the region. McHenry County has a current overall recycling rate of approximately 35%. This includes residential, commercial/institutional and construction and demolition debris sectors. Recycling and reuse are integral to maximizing solid waste diversion. The County has local programs which promote recycling and reuse, such as the McHenry County Green Awards, McHenry County Green Team and The Official McHenry County Green Guide produced by the Lou Marchi Total Recycling Institute at McHenry County College. McHenry County s population has historically valued environmentally sound recycling efforts, and there are numerous programs and events in the County that are committed to providing a variety of recycling and reuse options and services. These recycling and reuse options and services are provided by municipalities, townships, township highway departments, local law enforcement agencies, churches, schools, businesses and environmental organizations. Among the major efforts, the Lou Marchi Total Recycling Institute at McHenry County College publishes The Official McHenry County Green Guide annually. The Green Guide is a comprehensive recycling clearinghouse that provides over 200 resources for local recycling for a variety of products and materials. The Green Guide also offers a green living section that promotes businesses and organizations with local emphasis to help achieve more sustainable lifestyles. The Solid Waste Manager participates in regular meetings of the Lou Marchi Total Recycling Institute Advisory group which discusses solid waste issues and initiatives affecting McHenry County. 25 P a g e

26 The McHenry County Green Awards, created in 1994, recognize exemplary solid waste reduction and recycling efforts of individuals, businesses, institutions and organizations in the County annually. Recipients are recognized at County Board meetings and on the Solid Waste webpage. The County also has a Green Team, which is made up of staff from several County departments that promote waste reduction, reuse and recycling in County departments. A recycled product procurement policy was established for the County in It is referenced as the McHenry County Green Policy. The Green Team also sponsors recycling events such as paper shredding, and recycling of cell phones and rechargeable batteries. The county's Green Team is intended to be a model for other businesses and governmental entities to encourage green initiatives. One of the most important trends is the national product stewardship initiative. This requires manufacturers of products to provide a mechanism for those products to be recycled. The best example of this strategy is in the electronics industry where covered electronic devices were banned from landfills effective January 1, Manufacturers are required to collect covered electronic devices for recycling at no cost to residents. This has resulted in a variety of simple and economical ways for residents to recycle electronics. Multiple single day electronic recycling events have been held in McHenry County by a variety of groups and agencies over the last couple of years. IEPA has suspended funding for countywide used/waste tires collections, although IEPA continues to fund the Consensual Tire Removal program. This program offers a onetime environmentally sound used/waste tire disposal option at no cost to individual property owners. The used/waste tire material can be used in such ways as road base, running tracks, rubber floor mats, belts, washers, gaskets, shoe soles, playground surfaces, horse arenas, and tire derived fuel (TDF) that is blended with coal to produce electricity. There are multiple tire retailers that will also accept used/waste tires from the general public for nominal recycling fees. The Residential Recycling Ordinance requires residents of McHenry County to separate recyclable materials from other waste and mandates recycling of common recyclables including plastic, paper, aluminum, cardboard, and glass, which directly impacts recycling efforts countywide. Currently, there is no mechanism to require commercial or business operations to recycle. The Municipal Waste Hauler Licensing Ordinance- requires licensure of municipal solid waste haulers in the business of collecting or hauling discarded materials on a continuous and regular basis in McHenry County. During the annual license renewal process, all municipal solid waste haulers are required to submit data regarding the amount and type of solid waste collected by them for the previous year. This data allows the Solid Waste Manager to evaluate recycling and solid waste generation rates and identify areas that need improvement in order to expand recycling and reuse initiatives. Since 2009 the McHenry County Board has approved the implementation of franchised solid waste removal services in five (5) separate unincorporated areas of McHenry County. Residents are provided with comprehensive, economical solid waste removal and recycling services including seasonal landscape waste pick-up. The program includes a volume based pricing system and has been extremely successful. In the designated areas the solid waste recycling rates average a 5% increase over the overall county waste recycling rate. 26 P a g e

27 Finally recycling and re-use may be achieved though economic development opportunities. Markets and incentives to reduce the amount of waste disposed in landfills grow from opportunities to add value to discarded products and gain value from sustainable practices. These types of opportunities may include recycling businesses or waste conversion technologies that keep materials out of the landfill. Household Hazardous Waste Disposal Services Illinois EPA (IEPA) has suspended funding for countywide household hazardous waste collections, although IEPA continues to fund the permanent facilities in Rockford, Gurnee, Naperville and Chicago, which are open to all Illinois residents. Despite funding constraints, there are currently five local police departments that provide alternative disposal for expired/unused medication for residents; Johnsburg, Spring Grove, Fox River Grove, Woodstock and Cary. McHenry County also promotes the Drug Enforcement Administration s National Prescription Drug Take-Back Days where eleven (11) McHenry County law enforcement agencies provided host collection sites for residents to drop off unused, expired or unwanted solid dosage medication for disposal. McHenry County continues to explore funding potential independent of Illinois EPA funds. McHenry County regularly receives household hazardous waste questions from residents. McHenry County is considering ways to assure household hazardous waste collection. Recommendations from the advisory committee suggest establishing permanent, regional collection centers that are certified to process household hazardous waste properly. Expanding waste management services to include hazardous waste material will require adequate funding and policy support from private and public stakeholders. Disposal in Landfills McHenry County does not have any active permitted sanitary landfills within County limits but supports efforts to maintain compliance with external landfill rules and regulations in order to minimize impacts on the community and environment. Solid waste management facilities are inspected regularly to ensure compliance with applicable regulations. McHenry County transfers non-recyclable solid waste to landfills in Illinois region 1, region 2, and southeast Wisconsin. Capacity McHenry County does not direct municipal solid waste haulers to use any one landfill in particular; however, it is known that municipal solid waste haulers typically use landfills in northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin. The Delta Institute performed a capacity analysis for landfills in northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin using data from Illinois Environmental Protection Agency and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. The key finding is that based on current disposal rates there 12 years of capacity available in Region 2 that includes the Chicago Metropolitan Region 27 P a g e

28 (Cook, DuPage, Grundy, Kane, Kankakee, Kendall, Lake, McHenry and Will Counties) and there are 16 years of capacity remaining for Region 1, which includes the 12 most northwestern counties: Boone, Bureau, Carroll, DeKalb, JoDaviess, LaSalle, Lee, Ogle, Putnam, Stephenson, Whiteside and Winnebago. Additionally, landfills in Southeastern and South Central Wisconsin that currently accept solid waste from Illinois have limited capacity. (Tables displaying landfill capacity are provided in Appendix 2). Some solid waste haulers have indicated that they may pursue using landfills in Indiana. According to the 2010 Indiana Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfill Capacity & Life prepared by Indiana Department of Environmental Management, the landfills with closest proximity to Illinois mostly have capacity ranging from years. See below. Newton County 22 years White County 13 years St Joseph County 17 years Fulton County 92 years Elkhart County 65 years and 9 years Kosciusko County 26 years Compliance Since 1987 McHenry County has maintained a delegation agreement with the Illinois EPA for enforcement of nonhazardous solid waste activities. Department staff conducts regular inspections of specific IEPA permitted solid waste management facilities operating in McHenry County to ensure solid waste management facilities are operating within their IEPA approved permit provisions and the McHenry County Public Health Ordinance. On behalf of IEPA the Department monitors one (1) municipal solid waste transfer station, (4) landscape waste transfer stations, (2) composting facilities, general construction and demolition debris processing center, and two (2) asphalt shingle recycling facilities that have received beneficial use determinations (BUDS.) Beneficial Use Determinations will be discussed later in the plan. Infrastructure There is no active sanitary landfill operating in McHenry County, however; there are currently eight (8) Illinois EPA permitted solid waste management facilities and two (2) facilities for asphalt shingle recycling which have received Beneficial Use Determinations within McHenry County. There are additional general construction and demolition debris recycling facilities seeking permits from the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. In addition, there are numerous recycling and reuse oriented businesses, institutions and organizations that together provide adequate infrastructure for solid waste management. 28 P a g e

29 Municipal Solid Waste Transfer Station Transfer stations play a vital role in overall solid waste management. Transfer stations are structures and/or processing facilities where regional solid waste collection vehicles deposit waste to be sorted by type and further transported for end disposal in municipal sanitary landfills, waste-to-energy facilities, or material recovery facilities. Larger and separately designated vehicles designed to travel longer distances collect the deposited waste and haul it to its final destinations. Virginia Road Transfer Facility - Crystal Lake, Illinois Located in Crystal Lake, Illinois, the Virginia Road Transfer Station began operations in December 2009 and accepts municipal solid waste, landscape waste, and other recyclable materials. This facility currently accepts landscape waste from the City of Crystal Lake and the Village of Algonquin. Owned and operated by Waste Management, this facility has a maximum process capacity of 1,000 tons per day, while the tipping fee for customers is $54 per ton. From 2010 through 2012, the Virginia Road Transfer Facility processed approximately 454,628 tons of solid waste. Landscape Waste Transfer Stations Since July 1990, per the Illinois Public Act , landscape waste has been permanently banned from disposal in Illinois landfills. The Illinois Environmental Protection Act prohibits any person from knowingly mixing landscape waste with municipal solid waste for disposal in landfills. The Act also prohibits any owner/operator of a sanitary landfill from accepting landscape waste for disposal, unless the landfill provides and maintains a separate, active landscape waste composting operation. The landscape waste landfill ban was enacted largely due to diminishing landfill capacities in Illinois. This ban has helped to successfully reduce landscape waste composition in sanitary landfills. Additionally it helped the state to realize greater capacities for organic composting, as the ban resulted in the creation of additional markets for landscape waste composting facilities. Currently, there are four (4) Illinois EPA permitted landscape waste transfer stations in McHenry County; MDC Landscape Waste Transfer Station Located in McHenry, Illinois, MDC Landscape Waste Transfer Station opened in 2004 and only accepts leaves generated within the City of McHenry. MDC Landscape Waste Transfer Station is owned by Meyer Material Co.; facility operation is handled by MDC Environmental. MDC Environmental provided fall leaf collection services for further transfer to approved landscape waste composting facilities. An estimated 6400 cubic yards of leaves were collected per year. This landscape waste transfer station has been inactive since approximately P a g e

30 Waste Management North McHenry Located in McHenry, Illinois, Waste Management North McHenry opened in 1998 and has been inactive since approximately Woodstock Yardwaste Collection Site Located in Woodstock, Illinois, Woodstock Yardwaste Collection Site opened in 1993 and only accepts landscape waste generated within the City of Woodstock. Fall leaf collection service is provided by the City of Woodstock s Department of Public Works and leaves are transported to a local agricultural property for land application for beneficial use. In addition, brush is processed into wood chips and distributed to the residents and within city parks for beneficial use. The City of Woodstock s Department of Public Works collects an estimated 5000 cubic yards of landscape waste per year. Petersen Pit Landscape Waste Transfer Facility Located in Lakemoor, Illinois, Peterson Pit Landscape Waste Transfer began operations in 2011 and accepts landscape waste from the general public, landscape waste operators and solid waste haulers for further transfer to approved landscape waste composting facilities. Landscape Waste Compost Facilities Currently, there are two (2) active landscape waste composting facilities operating in McHenry County. Crystal Lake Composting Facility Located in Crystal Lake, Illinois, Crystal Lake Composting accepts leaves, brush, and tree limbs generated within the City of Crystal Lake. This facility has been open since June 1992 and is owned and operated by the Crystal Lake Public Works Department. According to the Permitted Landscape Waste Compost Facility Annual Reports , Crystal Lake Composting Facility processed approximately 12,701 tons of landscape waste. Thelen Sand & Gravel Compost Facility Located in Fox Lake, Illinois, Thelen Sand & Gravel, Inc. owns and operates a composting facility that accepts grass clippings, leaves, brush and organics from the general public, landscape service operations and solid waste haulers. This facility has been open since August 1996 and is the largest landscape waste composting facility in the state of Illinois. According to the Permitted Landscape Waste Compost Facility Annual Reports , Thelen Sand & Gravel Compost Facility processed approximately 401,192 tons of landscape waste. 30 P a g e

31 General Construction and Demolition Material Processing Facility Construction and demolition debris includes non-hazardous and uncontaminated materials that result from construction, demolition, and remodeling/repair work on structures and facilities. Construction and demolition recycling facilities generally accept most common, non-hazardous building materials, including: wall coverings; plaster; drywall; plumbing fixtures; non-asbestos insulation; roofing shingles and other roof coverings; reclaimed or other asphalt pavement; glass; plastics that are not sealed in a manner that conceals waste; electrical wiring and components containing no hazardous substances; and corrugated cardboard, piping or metals incidental to any of those materials and other related, commercial grade building components. Lowe Enterprises C&D Material Processing Facility Located in Cary, Illinois, and in conjunction with Fox Valley Disposal, Lowe Enterprises is currently the lone general construction and demolition debris recycling processing facility in McHenry County. Lowe Enterprises has a maximum process capacity of 400 tons of construction and demolition debris per operating day. Beneficial Use Determinations The Illinois EPA s current policy is to treat additional items such as asphalt shingles, more like traditional recyclables (i.e. paper, plastic, metal, etc.) and offer exemptions from some of the permitting requirements. These types of facilities are relatively new and require Illinois EPA approval. IEPA stipulates the specific conditions and limitations for each beneficial use determination facility. Also referred to as BUD facilities, there currently are two (2) BUD facilities in McHenry County that accept recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) as a raw ingredient in hot-mix asphalt. Southwind RAS, LLC Southwind RAS is located in Lake in the Hills, Illinois and began operations in This facility has a maximum single storage capacity of 10,000 tons of recycled asphalt shingles and unprocessed shingles. C&D Recycling of Wisconsin C&D Recycling of Wisconsin is located in Crystal lake, Illinois and began operations in This facility has a maximum single storage capacity of 5,000 tons of recycled asphalt shingles and unprocessed shingles. Alternative Recycling Businesses Per Sections and of the County s Residential Recycling Ordinance, McHenry County residents are required to separate recyclable materials from all other discarded materials to be landfilled and store recyclable materials separately in recycling containers. Collection of these mandated recyclables at residential dwellings must be provided by the licensed municipal solid waste haulers. 31 P a g e

32 As an alternative, residents may also take recyclable materials to an established center. Lou Marchi Total Recycling Institute at MCC publishes The Official McHenry County Green Guide on an annual basis. This guide includes comprehensive recycling options for residents. Alternative Disposal Technologies Alternative disposal methods are primarily those that convert waste to energy (WTE) and reduce volume of waste disposed. Pharmaceuticals and tires are waste streams that are commonly used in WTE facilities. Technologies that convert WTE through biological conversion (i.e., anaerobic digestion), not including mass burn incineration or chemical conversion, should be considered as a potential solution to livestock/agricultural waste in McHenry County going into the future when electricity prices will likely be higher thus rendering the technology feasible. Organic and non-organic WTE technologies can be coupled with sorting and recycling methods to ensure options for highest value re-use. If alternative disposal technologies are considered for future waste management, a framework for decision making is needed for adequate planning. A proposed alternative technology facility should meet applicable requirements, such as those proposed by neighboring Lake County, which indicate when a technology is environmentally and economically feasible. These guidelines propose that an alternative technology should: utilize proven technology; minimize emissions; and avoid large economic risks. In addition to these guidelines, there are several questions that need to be addressed by regional authorities and planners: Table 19: Alternative Technology Considerations Planning Area Questions Facility Requirements What type of facilities are required as part of the technology? How many facilities are needed and of what size, including both site acreage and disposal capacity (in tons per day)? Siting What are the facility siting requirements? Does a suitable site exist within the County? Economics What are the capital, operation, and maintenance costs associated with the technology? What are the probable revenues and life cycle costs? What are the estimated tipping fees per ton and how do the estimated fees compare to current tipping fees for the disposal of McHenry County waste? Technical Feasibility Is the technology proven for all or a portion of the waste generated for disposal in McHenry County? Can it provide reliable long-term management of the targeted waste stream? Ability to Implement Can the technology be successfully engineered? What are the potential obstacles to implementation and how will these obstacles be addressed? Can it be implemented in time to serve its intended purpose? 32 P a g e

33 With new technological advances, alternative disposal technologies are becoming more applicable over time. These methods do not displace recycling and reuse, and should be considered as part of a comprehensive solution. It is recommended that McHenry County monitor and assess WTE developments over next five to ten years to ensure that opportunities are not missed. Volume Reduction Volume reduction refers to preventing materials from ever entering the waste stream. Volume reduction can refer to precycling or reuse. Precycling is the best option because the good can be reused in its primary form. A great example of a precycling program is Hope4Hoopers. Hope4Hoopers was created by two former collegiate basketball players. The pair have set up a series of high-level basketball camps and clinics for children ages 8-18 and the price to participate is one pair of used athletic shoes. Half of the shoes collected are donated locally to community programs supporting young athletes. The other half is shipped to the Philippines. In the first 9 months of the program which began in May 2011, more than 2000 pairs of shoes have been diverted from the waste stream. Reuse, the second best option, can reuse the item in some other form. For example, From Blue to Green created by cotton fiber insulation manufacturer Bonded Logic teamed up with Cotton Incorporated (an organization of cotton growers, manufacturers, and retailers) in order to collect donations of used denim from a network of organizations across the country. Denim products are collected via corporate/organization-wide drives, a mail-in program, and partnerships with retailers and college campuses. Gathered denim is transformed into UltraTouch insulation containing 90% recycled denim. This insulation is then donated to Habitat for Humanity affiliates. The program, founded in 2006, has diverted over 622,000 pairs of jeans. Composting of landscape waste and food scraps may present additional volume reduction opportunities. Once a product can no longer be used it enters the waste stream where there are still many opportunities to reduce volume. Recycling reduces volume by taking glass, plastics, paper, cardboard and other source separated materials that can be used in the manufacture of new products. Beyond recycling, compaction of materials is the next volume reduction opportunity. Compaction prepares waste for efficient transport by truck, boat or rail car to landfills or other waste disposal facilities. Compacted waste takes up less space in a landfill, thereby extending the life of the landfill. In some cases, compacted waste can be stored for later disposal. Waste to energy may present additional opportunities for volume reduction. 1 1 Blumberg, L., and R. Gottlieb. War on Waste: Can America Win Its Battle With Garbage? Covelo, CA: Island Press, Kharbanda, O. P., and E. A. Stallworthy. Waste Management: Toward a Sustainable Society. Westport, CT: Auburn House/Greenwood, 1990.Noyes, R., ed. Pollution Prevention Technology Handbook. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Press, 33 P a g e

34 Revised procurement standards can also result in reducing the volume of solid waste disposed. Through purchase and use of longer lasting products entities can reduce their total solid waste disposed. Education and Information McHenry County provides information and education through a variety of information channels to promote proper solid waste management and recycling. In addition to making information available through newsletters, flyers, website and social media, the County also has programs such as the McHenry County Green Awards, created in 1994, to recognize innovative solid waste reduction, recycling, and management efforts of businesses, institutions, organizations and individuals. Information Campaign The McHenry County Solid Waste Manager provides a wide variety of solid waste related information to county residents. Some solid waste information is maintained on the Health Department s webpage and additional information is relayed to the residents of McHenry County through a variety of media including press releases, newsletters, and flyers. It is common for other partners such as organizations, schools and municipalities to re- broadcast information and promotions on their own websites. Concurrently, the County must ensure that many other types of information specific to the management of waste are readily available. For example, the website provides links to regulations, service information regarding franchise services, and lists municipal solid waste haulers permitted to work in McHenry County on its website. Other information may be requested directly from the Solid Waste Manager. McHenry County Schools Environmental Education Program The McHenry County Schools Environmental Education Program (MCSEEP) is a Division of the Department of Planning and Development. The program focuses on environmental education for kindergarten through 12 th grade students. MCSEEP incorporates the 4 R s (reduce, reuse, recycle, rot (composting) as the integral part of each lesson plan covering many environmental topics: Solid waste Water resource conservation Climate change Green careers 993.Porter, J. W., and J. Z. Cannon. "Waste Minimization: Challenge for American Industry." Business Horizons 35 (March-April 1992): P a g e

35 Additionally, the program offers local environmental news, projects, contests, lesson plans and classroom resources for McHenry County schools. REGULATORY COMPONENT Local Ordinances The Residential Recycling Ordinance requires residents of McHenry County to separate recyclable materials from other waste and mandates recycling of common recyclables like plastic, paper, aluminum, cardboard, and glass. This directly impacts recycling efforts countywide; however, currently there is no mechanism to require commercial operations to recycle. The Municipal Waste Haulers Licensing Ordinance requires licensure of persons or companies in the business of collecting or hauling discarded materials on a continuous and regular basis in McHenry County. Annually, during the license renewal process, all municipal solid waste haulers are required to submit data regarding the amount and type of waste collected by them for the previous year. This data collection allows the county to track recycling and waste generation rates and identify areas that need improvement in order to expand reuse and recycling initiatives. The Pollution Control Facility Siting Ordinance requires an application and local site approval for the development, construction or expansion of a Pollution Control Facility as defined per the Illinois Environmental Protection Act in unincorporated McHenry County. Local approval must be granted by the McHenry County Board. Pollution Control Facilities located within incorporated areas would obtain their local siting approval from their municipality. The McHenry County Public Health Ordinance empowers the Health Department to respond to complaints of accumulations of rubbish and garbage and ensure that it is disposed of properly to prevent public health issues. McHenry County has the authority to designate solid waste collection services in unincorporated areas through adoption of an ordinance by the McHenry County Board per 55 ILCS 5/ State Legislation Since the most recent solid waste plan update, legislation with significant solid waste management implications have been passed. These include: The Electronic Products Recycling and Reuse Act (P.A ; 415 ILCS 150/) Signed into law in September 2008, the Act advances a producer responsibility model for managing end-of-life electronics. Illinois is one of 22 states that have comprehensive e-waste laws (as of May 2009). The first phase of the law, which went into effect in early 2010, requires manufacturers/retailers to register with IEPA, provide information on their product s proper disposal and to collect covered electronic devices for recycling at no cost. In 2011, the legislation was modified to expand the list of covered 35 P a g e

36 electronic devices that must be included. The second phase of the law, which went into effect January 1, 2012, banned covered electronic devices from Illinois landfills. Illinois Composting Bill (S.B. 99, P.A ILCS 5/3.197) Passed in June 2009, the bill allows for the composting of food scraps on a commercial scale without triggering requirements for more heavily-regulated landfills, transfer stations or other pollution control facilities provided the food scrap composting facility adheres to specific volume, composting method and location requirements per the Illinois Environmental Protection Act. Responsible food scrap composting is an acceptable waste reduction and recycling practice. Construction & Demolition Debris Legislation Public Act , effective July 30, 2010 amends the Illinois Environmental Protection Act regarding the management of Clean Construction and Demolition Debris (CCDD). The new law creates a state tipping fee for CCDD disposal and provides additional standards for materials being accepted at CCDD facilities and uncontaminated soil-only fill sites. More recently, the Task Force on the Advancement of Materials Recycling Act was made into law in July, Representatives Karen May and Robyn Gabel have sponsored HB4986 that is now Public Act The Task Force on the Advancement of Materials Recycling Act was created to review the status of recycling and solid waste management planning in Illinois with the goal of creating recommendations for expanding reduction, recycling, reuse and composting in a way that is environmentally responsible and protects public health and safety and promotes economic development. It should be noted that the task force will focus on county recycling and waste management planning; current and potential policies and initiatives in Illinois for waste reduction, recycling, composting, and reuse; funding for State and local oversight and regulation of solid waste activities; funding for State and local support of projects that advance solid waste reduction, recycling, reuse, and composting efforts; and the proper management of household hazardous waste. The review shall also evaluate the extent to which materials with economic value are lost to landfilling, and it shall also recommend ways to maximize the productive use of waste materials through efforts such as materials recycling and composting. This Act could lead to the provision of funding through the Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity. At the same time because the Task Force will review requirements for County Solid Waste Planning, McHenry County will need to stay abreast of the Task Force. As local, county and state governments experience greater resource constraint there is a move toward extended product stewardship initiatives. Product stewardship refers to the concept of the producers of a material funding the proper end of life disposal, recycling or refurbishing. The most recent successful example of this is the electronic recycling legislation which requires electronic manufacturers to fund residential electronic recycling. Illinois has a product stewardship discussion group that includes solid waste managers throughout the state that works in partnership with the Product Stewardship Institute to look for opportunities for extended product stewardship legislation to enable local governments to overcome the cost of waste and hazardous waste management. Recent successful examples include electronic recycling and mercury thermostat legislation. There is extensive interest in a paint program working in partnership with the paints and coatings industry to subsidize or fully fund paint collection. 36 P a g e

37 Additionally, this past year a plastic bag initiative was vetoed by Governor Quinn; however, the legislation could return in a modified form. A nationwide scan indicates that the greatest opportunities for product stewardship legislation include: Mattresses, Paints, Sharps, Pharmaceuticals and Fluorescent Lamps. Additionally some states are advancing the concept of framework legislation that will result in potential programming for all products that fit criteria for product stewardship legislation. Pending and Recent Legislation Product Mattresses Mattresses Plastic Bags Mercury Thermostat Paint Sharps Fluorescent Lamps Paint Batteries Auto Switch Carpet Fluorescent Lamps Paint Pharmaceuticals Pharmaceuticals Batteries Fluorescent Lamps Mattresses Packaging Paint Paint Packaging Rechargeable Batteries Paint Pharmaceuticals Sharps Mercury Containing Devices Framework for product stewardship State California Connecticut Illinois Illinois Illinois Maine Massachusetts Minnesota New York New York New York New York New York New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island Rhode Island Rhode Island Rhode Island Rhode Island Vermont Vermont Washington Washington Washington Washington Wisconsin Emerging Trend 37 P a g e

38 WASTE-BASED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Waste and Recycling-based Economic Activity Waste management, precycling, reuse, and recycling provide opportunities for economic development because local management of waste materials keeps jobs local by processing the materials nearby. Furthermore recycling is a significant source of jobs in Illinois. In Illinois, the combined direct, indirect and induced impacts of Illinois s recycling, recycling reliant and reuse industries contribute: A total of 111,500 jobs where 40,000 are direct, 34,000 are indirect and 37,500 are induced. Payroll of $3.6 billion $30.3 billion in additional gross receipts and Over $1 billion in state and local taxes. 2 McHenry County is home to 177 waste management related full time jobs and is assumed to host 316 induced and indirect full time jobs (150 indirect and 166 induced). Indirect can represents employees working for producers of materials, equipment, and services used in related work. Induced represents those jobs created when spend their increased incomes on consumer goods and services. Table 20: McHenry County Waste Related Employment 3 Year Number of Jobs Recycling Economic Information Study Update for Illinois, Final Report, November 2010 commissioned by Illinois Department of Commerce & Economic Opportunity prepared by DSM Environmental under contract to Illinois Recycling Association "Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages." Bls.gov. United States Department of Labor Statistics: Bureau of Labor Statistics, n.d. Web. 26 Nov < 2. "2012 NAICS Definition: Sector Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services 562 Waste Management and Remediation Services." U.S. Census Bureau, North American Industry Classification System, 7 Nov Web. 26 Nov < 38 P a g e

39 McHenry County has the opportunity to increase waste related jobs by attracting additional recycling and waste management activity. This can be done in a number of ways to sensibly expand waste management infrastructure to promote the larger goal of reducing waste disposed in landfills. Currently, McHenry County municipal solid waste haulers have a limited number of composting facility options requiring significant transportation cost for compost. By revising the Pollution Control Facility Siting Ordinance to provide a tiered approach to requirements and fees for different types of pollution control facilities that require less oversight than sanitary landfills, the County can encourage the development of recycling facilities and increase the amount of waste handled locally. In addition, McHenry County could consider encouraging deconstruction. Deconstruction differs from demolition by disassembling buildings and harvesting all functional parts for reuse rather than diverting demolition debris straight to the landfill. Deconstruction of buildings can offer substantial cost savings over demolition. Many parts of a building, including doors, windows, plumbing and electrical fixtures, appliances, flooring, lumber and bricks can be salvaged during deconstruction. However, in order for deconstruction to be feasible in any location, regional and market factors must be supportive enough to make the practice favorable over traditional demolition. A market assessment for deconstruction has been included in the appendices. Finance Currently solid waste management and education are funded by the County General Fund and tipping fees collected from the Virginia Road Municipal Solid Waste Transfer Station. On average $39,000 is received annually in tipping fees. 54% is allocated to support environmental education by McHenry County Schools Environmental Education Program and 46% is allocated to the Department of Health for Solid Waste Management. Additionally, solid waste enforcement activities are partially funded by a Solid Waste Enforcement Grant from the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. 39 P a g e

40 Implementation Status of 2007 Plan Update Source Reduction Year Update Recommendations Increase public awareness of recycling and conservation programs through the monthly "Recycling Round-Up" column in the Northwest Herald Newspaper. Implementation Status Not Implemented. Recycling Round-Up column no longer published. The Department has transitioned to providing this information on the Department s webpage, in press releases, on electronic signs and social medial Develop a "green" policies initiative to be adopted by the McHenry County Board that calls for environmentally friendly practices to be employed when feasible by McHenry County Government. Encourage programs that concentrate on waste reduction as the first priority in solid waste management efforts. Promote the pay-as-you-throw system as the basis for residential waste collection in all municipalities within the county. Educate municipal officials on pay-as-you-throw techniques and provide other assistance as needed. The Official McHenry County Green Guide, published annually by the Lou Marchi Total Recycling Institute at MCC is also widely available to county residents. The guide includes comprehensive recycling options for residents. Implemented. McHenry County implemented green procurement policy in Implemented. The McHenry County Schools Environmental Education Program (MCSEEP) provides programming to kindergarten through Grade 12 students incorporating the 4 R s (reduce, reuse, recycle and rot (compost). Multiple community outreach programs conducted promoting reusable bags, home composting, waste free lunches, green living, waste reduction for businesses and food scrap composting. Partially implemented. Volume based pricing included in the 5 incorporated franchise agreements implemented by McHenry County. The County has no direct involvement when municipalities renew solid waste removal contracts, but county franchise information promoted on website as example. Partially Implemented. Staff has met with some village administrators, near the designated areas to discuss the county s franchised solid waste removal program. The program has been promoted and available on the Solid Waste Program website 40 P a g e

41 Educate commercial and industrial establishments, institutions, governmental agencies, and other nonresidential entities on source reduction programs. Implemented. MCDH met with food establishment operators to introduce food scrap recycling and composting; presented commercial waste reduction and recycling at workshop for industry sponsored by the Solid Waste Agency for Northern Cook County; developed flyers for County Green team; sponsored a contest for local schools to recognize source reduction and recycling efforts; and encouraged County Fair Association to implement recycling containers at annual county fair. Recycling and Reuse Pursue recycling and special waste disposal programs such as Household Hazardous Waste Collections and Used Tire Collections. Promote and encourage businesses that process recycled material and those that manufacture products with post-consumer recycled materials. Coordinate efforts with municipalities and the McHenry County Economic Development Corporation. The County Employee Recycling Committee should continue to promote the 3 Rs within county departments using incentives such as recognition awards and tools such as the intranet. Continue the Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle Awards Program. Partially Implemented. Regularly provide residents with information regarding the four (4) permanent household hazardous waste collection sites in Illinois, which are open to all Illinois residents; sponsored several single day collection events for electronics alkaline and rechargeable batteries; met with Township Highway Commissioners regarding permanent electronic collection sites; promoted the Drug Enforcement Administration s National Take Back Initiatives; Algonquin Township Road District maintains a Partners in Waste Paint Solutions Program; five (5)local law enforcement agencies accept residential waste medications. Implemented. Annual McHenry County Green Awards recognize waste reduction and recycling efforts of individuals, businesses, institutions and organizations. The Official McHenry County Green Guide, published by the Lou Marchi Total Recycling Institute and MCC promotes businesses that implement sustainable practices. Not implemented. The original intent for this recommendation was to encourage business recycling in municipalities. MCDH will continue to explore this recommendation in the next plan update. Implemented. The McHenry County Green Team maintains an intranet site regarding recycling for county employees, regularly promotes recycling through s to employees and Earth Day recognition displays, expanded its Call2Recycle rechargeable and cell phone recycling collection containers, and sponsored a document destruction day for county residents. Implemented. The Annual McHenry County Green Awards recognize waste reduction and recycling efforts of individuals, businesses, institutions and organizations. 41 P a g e

42 Develop recycled product procurement policy for the county. Develop a recycling procedure for construction or demolition sites. Implemented. McHenry County implemented a green procurement policy in Not Implemented. Disposal in Landfills Create a forum for waste haulers to discuss solid waste issues and work toward greater accuracy and consistency in reporting annual hauling quantities. Continue to implement source reduction, reuse, recycling, and composting programs to reduce dependence on landfilling. Partially Implemented. Discussion on solid waste issues with licensed municipal waste haulers occurs daily with the Solid Waste Manager. No formalized forum established. Methodology for solid waste data collection will be evaluated in the plan update. Implemented. Regularly provide residents with information regarding the four (4) permanent household hazardous waste collection sites in Illinois, which are open to all Illinois residents; sponsored several single day collection events for electronics, alkaline and rechargeable batteries; met with Township Highway Commissioners regarding permanent electronic collection sites; multiple electronics recycling events held by a variety of groups and agencies throughout the county; participation by eleven (11) local law enforcement agencies in the Drug Enforcement Administration s National Take Back Initiatives; Algonquin Township Road District maintains a Partners in Waste Paint Solutions Program; five (5) local law enforcement agencies accept residential waste medications; multiple document destruction events held by organizations and banks in the community; electronics, CFS, batteries, and Styrofoam recycling offered by Environmental Defenders of McHenry County; multiple township and municipal recycling services including brush, paints, electronics, shoes, Christmas tree lights, clothing and used motor oil Secure landfill space to accept waste generated in McHenry County. Encourage the development of transfer stations in McHenry County. A comprehensive list of recyclers and collectors provided in the Official Green Guide for McHenry County published by the Lou Marchi Total Recycling Institute at MCC. Not implemented. Implemented. The Virginia Road Transfer Station, which accepts municipal solid waste and a limited amount of landscape waste, began operations December One additional landscape waste transfer station, Peterson Pit Landscape Waste Transfer, began operations in P a g e

43 Review and update the Guidelines for a New Solid Waste Disposal Facility in McHenry County as deemed necessary. Verify that any proposed landfills in McHenry County are, at a minimum, designed, operated, and monitored in compliance with the most current RCRA Subtitle D regulations and other regulations subsequently adopted by the State of Illinois. Not implemented. No sanitary landfills were proposed in McHenry County from New Recommendations and Implementation Efforts The following recommendations support the overall goal of reducing waste disposed through increased recycling. Target Goals The Solid Waste Advisory Committee recommends the following goals for solid waste management in McHenry County: Increase the McHenry County overall Solid Waste Recycling rate from 35% to 45% by December 31, 2017 Reduce the McHenry County Solid Waste disposal rate from 4.07 pounds per capita per day to 3.57 pounds per capita per day. The Solid Waste Advisory Committee, Consultant and Staff recommend that following activities be undertaken to reach the target goals: Policy McHenry County should continue the coordinated county-wide approach to the management and disposal of all nonhazardous solid waste generated within McHenry County, including the management of recyclable and recoverable materials. An increased emphasis should be placed on non-residential solid waste including commercial, industrial waste and construction and demolition debris. 43 P a g e

44 Administrative Establish a standing Solid Waste Advisory Committee, with broad based representation, to meet quarterly to discuss and provide input on the implementation of the recommendations in the Solid Waste Plan. Maintain and Expand collection of data on recycling activity in McHenry County. Identify significant recycling data points that reflect changes in recycling activity in McHenry County and develop programming that fosters increased diversion of recyclable materials. Update the Annual Waste Hauler Survey to monthly or quarterly data collection. Convert the Annual Waste Hauler Survey from paper submission to electronic data collection. Evaluate the potential to collect waste composition data from Licensed Municipal Solid Waste Haulers. Continue to expand the number of collectors and recyclers that provide accurate information on recycling/disposal rates to the Solid Waste Manager. Public Outreach and Education: Provide leadership and support to municipalities and other entities in McHenry County seeking to improve overall waste management. Provide model documents such as franchised solid waste removal agreements, best management practices and other guidance. Revise current website to provide at a minimum: o Waste Hauler Specific Information o Recycling Information for Residents o Regulatory Information o Best Management Practices for municipalities, businesses and institutions o Residential Service Information o Information should include requirements, links to annual survey, events and opportunities, relevant ordinances, model contracts, flyers and other tools, franchise information. Continue to support and partner with the McHenry County Schools Environmental Education Program to provide quality solid waste education to school aged children in McHenry County. Incorporate new information technologies in promotional efforts (i.e. social media, websites, services, etc.). 44 P a g e

45 Develop partnerships with the business community, solid waste haulers, institutions, service and professional organizations, and governmental entities to expand the outreach potential for focused educational efforts. Encourage municipalities, townships and civic groups throughout McHenry County to continue to advertise events and programs on their websites, in community newsletters, and e-list bulletin announcements to provide information to their residents. Establish quarterly meeting series for municipal leaders, property managers, waste haulers and recyclers to share best management practices. Utilize business forums hosted in conjunction with Chambers of Commerce to provide opportunities to help businesses to effectively manage waste. Continue to provide McHenry County Green Awards to highlight innovative or exemplary solid waste management by businesses, organizations or institutions. Continue to support the publication of the McHenry County Green Guide. Legislative Initiatives Where appropriate support legislative initiatives of groups such as SWANA, Illinois Product Stewardship Institute working group and Illinois Recycling Association to support legislation that shifts the onus to manufacturers of items with significant end of life management costs from local governments. Engage the Task Force on Advancement of Materials Recycling to monitor any recommended changes to Solid Waste Planning for counties, funding opportunities, and new Illinois solid waste initiatives. Review the Municipal Waste Hauler Licensing Ordinance, Residential Recycling Ordinance, and Pollution Control Facility Siting Ordinances for potential updates and changes that may minimize barriers to recycling. Finance and Waste-based Economic Development McHenry County should monitor and apply to federal, state and local sources for grants to be used for solid waste programming when such funding is consistent with the goals of the plan. Work with Department of Planning and Development and municipalities to evaluate the potential to develop a deconstruction ordinance to require demolition contractors to recycle a specified percentage by weight of construction materials for demolition projects and to require that a specified percentage from residential projects is diverted for reuse. 45 P a g e

46 Encourage contiguous businesses to pursue shared service agreements with solid waste haulers to enable smaller businesses to afford higher quality services that maximize recycling opportunities. Consider strategic partnership with workforce development partners and McHenry County Community College to provide deconstruction training. Work with Department of Planning & Development and Economic Development Groups to identify potential partners in salvage store business, second hand or vintage retailers to accept and sell deconstruction materials. Recycling Encourage all McHenry County municipalities to establish volume based pricing in solid waste franchise agreements. Work closely with municipalities to identify solid waste programming successes and potential model programs that can be shared with others such as curbside recycling, composting, household hazardous waste disposal and electronic recycling. Encourage commercial and industrial establishments, institutions, governmental agencies and other nonresidential entities to participate in source reduction activities and to provide street side recycling wherever waste containers are located. Depending on availability of funds and priorities, further the development of source reduction programs, special events and recycling for items including tires, electronics, batteries, plastic bags, etc. Encourage the development of programs to increase the collection of residential and composting of organic material including landscape waste, food scrap and livestock waste. Landfilling Maintain contact with landfills in Region 1, Region 2 and southeastern Wisconsin to request landfill based information for waste originating in McHenry County. Household Hazardous Waste Identify mechanisms to assure Household Hazardous Waste Collection opportunities independent of IEPA funds. 46 P a g e

47 Encourage and support municipalities and other agencies or entities in the establishment and maintenance of supplement Household Hazardous Waste Collection programs including Partner for Paint, fluorescent lamps, waste oil, etc. Continue to provide residents with information on the four (4) permanent household hazardous collection sites in Northern Illinois, which are open to all Illinois residents. Franchised Solid Waste Services Evaluate the extent to which municipal solid waste franchising should be implemented in unincorporated areas of McHenry County. 47 P a g e

48 APPENDIX

49 Solid Waste Advisory Committee Meeting Agendas

50 SOLID WASTE ADVISORY COMMITTEE AGENDA July 25, :00 P.M. McHenry County Administration Building Rooms A & B 667 Ware Road, Woodstock, IL CALL TO ORDER INTRODUCTIONS PRESENTATION Overview of Solid Waste Program and Solid Waste Plan Update Process Kristy Hecke, McHenry County Solid Waste Manager NEW BUSINESS General Discussion Solid Waste Issues OTHER BUSINESS Future Meeting Dates ADJOURNMENT

51 SOLID WASTE ADVISORY COMMITTEE AGENDA September 26, :00 P.M. McHenry County Administration Building Rooms A & B 667 Ware Road, Woodstock, IL CALL TO ORDER INTRODUCTIONS PRESENTATION Delta Institute Introduction Solid Waste Planning Process Status Reports 1. Best Management Practices and Trends a. Summary/overview of current/anticipated/pending legislative activity related to Solid Waste Management in Illinois, which will or may impact solid waste management over the next five years (i.e. take-back programs for manufactured products such as paint, pharmaceuticals, household hazardous waste, waste to energy sites, etc.) b. Summary of the current/projected landfill capacities for the sanitary landfills serving the Northern Illinois region over the next five years. c. Evaluation of current methodology for collecting annual waste generation and waste diversion data for McHenry County. Recommendations for standardizing process. d. Overview of current and emerging solid waste management trends on a regional, state and national level, of waste reduction, waste diversion, and programming for residential and nonresidential sectors. Approaches and funding sources. NEW BUSINESS 2. Setting Goals and Objectives a. Survey i. Development of a survey for waste haulers, non-residential facilities, governmental entities, schools, the general public, etc., to obtain broad scale input for the development of the Solid Waste Plan. OTHER General Discussion October 24, 2012 meeting reminder ADJOURNMENT

52 SOLID WASTE ADVISORY COMMITTEE AGENDA October 24, :00 P.M. McHenry County Administration Building Rooms B & C 667 Ware Road, Woodstock, IL CALL TO ORDER PRESENTATION 1. Preliminary survey results 2. Best Management Practices and Trends a. Comparison to regional counties b. National examples NEW BUSINESS 1. Group discussion Best Management Practices and Trends 2. Breakout groups discussion OLD BUSINESS Plan process steps ADJOURNMENT a. Identify gaps in solid waste management system b. Current and future solid waste management needs c. Target goals/objectives d. Strategies and potential funding sources for meeting goals

53 SOLID WASTE ADVISORY COMMITTEE / ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ADVISORY COMMITTEE JOINT MEETING AGENDA November 15, :00 P.M. McHenry County Administration Building Room A 667 Ware Road, Woodstock, IL CALL TO ORDER PRESENTATION 1. Solid waste survey results 2. Status of Solid Waste Management Planning Process NEW BUSINESS 1. Group discussion a. Specific goals/objectives b. Strategies and potential funding sources for meeting goals OLD BUSINESS ADJOURNMENT

54 General Survey Results

55 11/15/12 Edit form - [ Solid Waste Plan Survey ] - Google Docs 508 responses Summary See complete responses Which category below best describes your viewpoint as you answer this survey? Homeowner % Agriculturalist 9 2% Business Owner/Operator 26 5% Institutional (hospital, school, government) Representative 26 5% Organization (association, club, volunteer group) Representative 4 1% Other 8 2% What is the zip code of your residence, farm, business, institution, or organization? In your opinion, which of the following influence your participation in a recycling program? (Please select all that apply.) Cost (rate or fee charged to recycle) % Availability of curbside recycling % Location of facilities or drop-off sites % Hours of operation of facilities or drop off sites % Size/Type of recycling container % Types of materials accepted for recycling % Educational Information being available regarding the recycling process 93 18% Concern for the environment % Other 20 4% People may select more than one checkbox, so percentages may add up to more than 100%. In your opinion, what are the barriers that prevent individuals or businesses from recycling? (Please select all that apply.) Cost % Lack of knowledge of what can be recycled and how to recycle it % Location/distance to facility % Lack of availability of recycling programs % Lack of space to store recyclables % Recycling services not offered by solid waste hauler % Other 62 12% People may select more than one checkbox, so percentages may add up to more than 100%. What types of consumer waste do you either regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Paper and cardboard Currently Recycle % Don t Recycle But Would Like To 20 4% Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable 8 2% 1/11

56 11/15/12 Edit form - [ Solid Waste Plan Survey ] - Google Docs What types of consumer waste do you either regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Metals (i.e. aluminum cans) Currently Recycle % Don t Recycle But Would Like To 30 6% Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable 9 2% What types of consumer waste do you either regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Plastic (i.e. bags, packaging) Currently Recycle % Don t Recycle But Would Like To 74 15% Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable 11 2% What types of consumer waste do you either regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Glass (i.e. bottles) Currently Recycle % Don t Recycle But Would Like To 30 6% Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable 16 3% What types of consumer waste do you either regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Styrofoam Currently Recycle % Don t Recycle But Would Like To % Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable 43 8% What types of consumer waste do you either regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Fluorescent (mercury) tubes/lamps Currently Recycle % Don t Recycle But Would Like To % Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable % What types of consumer waste do you either regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Electronics, (including batteries) Currently Recycle % Don t Recycle But Would Like To % Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable 34 7% What types of consumer waste do you either regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Appliances (i.e. household, white goods) Currently Recycle % Don t Recycle But Would Like To % Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable % 2/11

57 11/15/12 Edit form - [ Solid Waste Plan Survey ] - Google Docs What types of consumer waste do you either regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Clothes and shoes Currently Recycle % Don t Recycle But Would Like To % Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable % What types of household hazardous waste do you regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Used Motor Oil Currently Recycle % Don t Recycle But Would Like To % Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable % What types of household hazardous waste do you regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Pharmaceuticals (medications, sharps) Currently Recycle % Don t Recycle But Would Like To % Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable % What types of household hazardous waste do you regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Household chemicals (i.e paint, Cleaners, insecticide) Currently Recycle % Don t Recycle But Would Like To % Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable 73 14% What types of organic waste do you regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Yard/Landscape waste Currently Recycle/Compost % Don t Recycle But Would Like To 92 18% Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable % What types of organic waste do you regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Food Scraps Currently Recycle/Compost % Don t Recycle But Would Like To % Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable % 3/11

58 11/15/12 Edit form - [ Solid Waste Plan Survey ] - Google Docs What types of organic waste do you regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Livestock waste/manure Currently Recycle/Compost 27 5% Don t Recycle But Would Like To 22 4% Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable % What types of construction waste do you regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Drywall Currently Recycle 10 2% Don t Recycle But Would Like To 97 19% Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable % What types of construction waste do you regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Wood Currently Recycle 46 9% Don t Recycle But Would Like To % Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable % What types of construction waste do you regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Bricks Currently Recycle 19 4% Don t Recycle But Would Like To 89 18% Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable % What types of construction waste do you regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Metal Currently Recycle % Don t Recycle But Would Like To 82 16% Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable % What types of construction waste do you regularly recycle or would like to recycle? - Shingles Currently Recycle 14 3% Don t Recycle But Would Like To 86 17% Not Interested In Recycling or Not Applicable % 4/11

59 11/15/12 Edit form - [ Solid Waste Plan Survey ] - Google Docs How do you typically recycle? (Please check all that apply.) Curbside Recycling (consumer paper, metals, plastic, glass) % Recycler Pickup (construction waste, business/commercial waste) 54 11% Drop-off Recycling Center (clothing, electronics, household hazardous waste) % Composting Facility (including home composting) % Organizational Recycling Program (church, school, work, retailer i.e. Home Depot) % Municipal/County/Neighborhood clean-up days 82 16% Mail Return Programs 52 10% Do not recycle 12 2% People may select more than one checkbox, so percentages may add up to more than 100%. In your opinion, what is the most effective way to get information regarding recycling and recycling programs to the residents and businesses of McHenry County? Brochures, Newsletters, Flyers (i.e. McHenry County Green Guide) % Media (i.e. Radio, TV or Newspaper) 93 18% Local Government Electronic Newsletters 60 12% Local Government Websites 47 9% Conservation Organizations 9 2% Schools, Libraries 38 7% Social Media (i.e. Facebook, Twitter) 32 6% Other 30 6% Please rate whether recycling/reuse of the following types of consumer waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Paper, Cardboard High % Medium 64 13% Low 29 6% Please rate whether recycling/reuse of the following types of consumer waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Metals High % Medium 95 19% Low 27 5% Please rate whether recycling/reuse of the following types of consumer waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Glass 5/11

60 11/15/12 Edit form - [ Solid Waste Plan Survey ] - Google Docs County Solid Waste Plan. - Glass High % Medium 79 16% Low 27 5% Please rate whether recycling/reuse of the following types of consumer waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Compact Flourescent Lamps (contain mercury) High % Medium % Low 32 6% Please rate whether recycling/reuse of the following types of consumer waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Clothes and shoes High % Medium % Low % Please rate whether recycling/reuse of the following types of consumer waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Electronics (including batteries) High % Medium % Low 10 2% Please rate whether recycling/reuse of the following types of consumer waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Appliances (i.e. household, white goods) High % Medium % Low 54 11% Please rate whether recycling/reuse of the following types of consumer waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Plastics (including bags) High % Medium 71 14% Low 25 5% Please rate whether recycling/reuse of the following types of consumer waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Styrofoam High % 6/11

61 11/15/12 Edit form - [ Solid Waste Plan Survey ] - Google Docs Medium % Low 29 6% Please rate whether recycling/reuse of the following types of household hazardous waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Motor Oil High % Medium % Low 30 6% Please rate whether recycling/reuse of the following types of household hazardous waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Pharmaceuticals (medications and sharps) High % Medium % Low 40 8% Please rate whether recycling/reuse of the following types of household hazardous waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Household Chemicals (cleaners,insecticides, paint) High % Medium 77 15% Low 21 4% Please rate whether recycling/reuse of the following types of organic waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Yard/Landscape Waste High % Medium % Low 83 16% Please rate whether recycling/reuse of the following types of organic waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Food Scraps High % Medium % Low % Please rate whether recycling/reuse of the following types of organic waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Livestock Waste/Manure High % 7/11

62 11/15/12 Edit form - [ Solid Waste Plan Survey ] - Google Docs Medium % Low % Please rate whether recycling/reuse of construction/demolition & other types of waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Construction/Demolition Related Waste (drywall, bricks, shingles, metals, wood etc.) High % Medium % Low 52 10% Please rate whether recycling/reuse of construction/demolition & other types of waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Tires High % Medium % Low 48 9% Please rate whether recycling/reuse of construction/demolition & other types of waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Municipal Sludge (human waste) High % Medium % Low 77 15% Please rate whether recycling/reuse of construction/demolition & other types of waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Industrial Waste (i.e. solvents and chemicals) High % Medium 80 16% Low 41 8% Please rate whether recycling/reuse of construction/demolition & other types of waste should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Packaging Waste High % Medium % Low 34 7% Please rate whether the following residential solid waste initiatives should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Increase Voluntary Recycling in the Residential Sector in General High % Medium 95 19% 8/11

63 11/15/12 Edit form - [ Solid Waste Plan Survey ] - Google Docs Medium 95 19% Low 15 3% Please rate whether the following residential solid waste initiatives should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Increase Availability of street recycling containers (parks, public buildings, wherever trash containers are located, festivals, fairs, etc.) High % Medium % Low 15 3% Please rate whether the following residential solid waste initiatives should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Promote Residential Food Scrap Composting (i.e. via low cost compost carts) High % Medium % Low % Please rate whether the following residential solid waste initiatives should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Facilitate Household Hazardous Waste Management (drop, collection, curb) High % Medium % Low 17 3% Please rate whether the following residential solid waste initiatives should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Facilitate Grease and Oil Management High % Medium % Low 49 10% Please rate whether the following residential solid waste initiatives should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Promotion of additional Drop-Off Centers (i.e. for Clothing, Electronics, Household Hazardous Waste) High % Medium % Low 52 10% Please rate whether the following residential solid waste initiatives should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Single Day Recycling Events for a variety of products High % 9/11

64 11/15/12 Edit form - [ Solid Waste Plan Survey ] - Google Docs Medium % Low 60 12% Please rate whether the following residential solid waste initiatives should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Franchised solid waste removal services for large scale unincorporated residential areas High % Medium % Low 89 18% Please rate whether the following non-residential solid waste initiatives should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Increase Voluntary Recycling in the Non-Residential Sector (manufacturing, food establishments, hospitality industry, etc.) in General High % Medium % Low 14 3% Please rate whether the following non-residential solid waste initiatives should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Promote zero waste (100% recycling) in the Non-Residential Sector High % Medium % Low 52 10% Please rate whether the following non-residential solid waste initiatives should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Promote Non-Residential Food Scrap Composting High % Medium % Low % Please rate whether the following non-residential solid waste initiatives should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Livestock Waste/Manure Management/Composting High % Medium % Low % Please rate whether the following non-residential solid waste initiatives should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Support/Promotion of Product Stewardship (if you make it, you share responsibility for environmentally sound disposal/reuse/recycling.) High % Medium % 10/11

65 11/15/12 Edit form - [ Solid Waste Plan Survey ] - Google Docs Medium % Low 70 14% Please rate whether the following non-residential solid waste initiatives should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Deconstruction Dismantling materials like wood, brick, metal etc. from buildings (instead of demolishing buildings) and offering the salvaged building materials for resale to the commercial sector or to the general public. High % Medium % Low 40 8% Please rate whether the following non-residential solid waste initiatives should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Deriving value from waste i.e. using the waste from one manufacturing process as input to another manufacturing process. High % Medium % Low 33 6% Please rate whether the following non-residential solid waste initiatives should receive a low, medium or high priority in the update of the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan. - Waste to Energy i.e. burning waste materials to provide energy, converting landfill methane to natural gas. High % Medium % Low 37 7% Number of daily responses 11/11

66 Municipal Solid Waste Hauler Survey Results

67 lid Waste 11/21/12 Hauler: Solid Waste Plan Update ] - Google Docs 10 responses Summary See complete responses Information About your Company: Does your company do any of the following? Maintain ISO Maintain ISO Participate in the Green Waste Hauler Association 0 0 Participate in Clean Cities Initiative or Illinois Green Fleets 0 0 Use clean diesel fuel Had diesel retrofits installed in trucks 0 0 Use CNG 0 0 Work with a landfill with onsite scavenging to capture additional recyclables 0 0 People may select more than one checkbox, so percentages may add up to more than 100%. Please describe any other green services your company provides. escrap drop off, organic recycling stable waste and food scraps,and we use a one pass truck for residential pick up. We also use biodiesel in all of our trucks. Working with the County: How difficult would it be for you to report recycling and waste data that you report as part of your annual waste hauler application on a monthly basis? Very difficult 0 0% Somewhat difficult 3 30% Not-at-all difficult 6 60% If provided with the opportunity to complete your annual survey electronically rather than on paper, would you? Yes 9 90% No 0 0% 1/5

68 lid Waste 11/21/12 Hauler: Solid Waste Plan Update ] - Google Docs Can you provide waste composition data? If so, please an example of composition data to bgifford@delta-institute.org. Yes 0 0% No 7 70% Promoting Sustainable Solid Waste Management: In your opinion, what are the barriers that prevent individuals or businesses from recycling? Cost 6 67% Lack of customer demand 4 44% Location/distance to facility 4 44% Lack of availability of recycling programs 1 11% Lack of space to store recyclables 4 44% Lack of knowledge of what can be recycled and how to recycle it 5 56% Recycling services not offered by solid waste hauler 1 11% Other 0 0% People may select more than one checkbox, so percentages may add up to more than 100%. In your opinion, what are the barriers that minimize or prevent waste haulers from providing recycling services, especially in the non-residential sector? Lack of customer demand 4 44% Location/distance to facility 2 22% Lack of market availability 2 22% Lack of equipment and labor 2 22% Legislation/regulation too restrictive or prohibitive 0 0% Other 2 22% People may select more than one checkbox, so percentages may add up to more than 100%. 2/5

69 lid Waste 11/21/12 Hauler: Solid Waste Plan Update ] - Google Docs In general, which geographic areas have higher residential recycling rates? Unincorporated covered by franchise agreement 1 10% Unincorporated not covered by franchise agreement 1 10% Incorporated municipalities 6 60% Please explain why you think that area has higher recycling rates. Less density lower participation rate. Cost of fuel. Because everyone does it and or sees everyone else putting their recyclable out. Peer pressure, and kids that go to school. carts, better promotion of programs peer pressure N/A -Do not collect MSW, we provide roll off containers only only in certain areas, its a combination of nationality, income, attitude, education. Please list geographic areas that you believe have especially high commercial recycling rates. none specifically I would say that all commercial and industrial park areas in the county are missing out on higher recover rates of recyclables. It seems that the commercial/industrial markets seems to think the only material to recycle is cardboard, everything else goes into compactor and brought to landfill. its scattered through the county How do you think the County can help municipalities, businesses, institutions, and other groups increase their recycling rates? make it mandatory, at least for the municipalities, and schools. Give them some type of incentive, perhaps if they are among the leaders they can get a free bio in the paper. Advertising perk. additional cost is major barrier, not sure how that can be overcome Being a roll off company, 50% or better that we haul can be recycled. In many cases we haul to landfills because of logistics. There are not enough C&D facilities in the county to support what could be recycled.the ability for a waste hauler to offer recycling has to be affordable to operate and to offer different programs for the comm... Over the course of the year, does your business experience changes in the amount of recycling materials collected? Yes 5 50% No 4 40% 3/5

70 lid Waste 11/21/12 Hauler: Solid Waste Plan Update ] - Google Docs How significant are those changes? 20% increase 2 20% 40% increase 2 20% 60% or greater increase 1 10% Please select the term that best explains these changes. Seasonal 5 50% Monthly 1 10% Episodic (Particular groups of days) 1 10% What do you think causes those changes in amount recycled? Holidays The weather for us. We do construction and demolition recycling. summer - parties, no school, etc. In roll off we are more of seasonal base business that hauls roofing and construction materials over the summer months. How many months of the year do you receive revenue from recyclables? depends on commodities market 0 8 months 12 depends on market How many months of the year do you break even? months 0 depends on market How many months of the year do you pay recyclers to take recyclables? depends on commodities markets 0 never 0 12 Are there other recommendations that you would like to share for the solid waste plan? I would like to see a local hazardous waste event. The epa was created for this purpose however politics got in the way. Even if we had one a year and had people pay for it. manner. We need more outlets for recycling materials. The ability for haulers to get recyclables to a facility in a cost effective/logistic education is key, but there should be a penalty or higher garbage cost for that refuse to recycle. Number of daily responses 4/5

71 lid Waste 11/21/12 Hauler: Solid Waste Plan Update ] - Google Docs Number of responses without dates: 1 5/5

72 Advisory Committee Ranking of Plan Recommendations

73 Solid Waste Advisory Committee Recommendation Survey 19 responses Summary See complete responses Overarching Goal With the current overall recycling rate of 38%, which type of overarching goal do you support for the McHenry County Solid Waste Plan? A combined sector recycling percentage (i.e. a goal to achieve a 45% combined recycling rate). A combined sector diversion percentage (i.e. a goal to achieve a 45% combined diversion rate). A combined sector recycling percentage plus a goal to reduce the Per Capita Disposal rate (pcd) by 1 lb, which would lower the average pcd for McHenry County from 6.7 lbs to 5.7 lbs. 9 47% 4 21% 5 26% Public Information and Education Please evaluate the following recommendations according to priority: 1 being of low priority, 2 being of medium priority, and 3 being of high priority. Side idea...san Fransico implemented a very successful art internship program at their major landfill. They have waiting lists of artist wanting to participate in this very reputable endeavor. Could be fun. Embrace and incorporate new information technologies in promotional efforts (e.g., social media, websites, services, etc.). Low 1 P a g e High 1 - Low 1 5% % 3 - High 8 42% Many people want to do better but just don't have the right information. The more ways we get the word out the better. Identify new and support ongoing activities of McHenry County s public information and

74 education programs to encourage waste reduction, reuse, recycling and recovery/re-buy (buying recycled products) and sustainability practices through McHenry County s websites and other publications, as well as community organizations such as PTA/PTO's, park districts, libraries, church, corporate and other community groups. The importance of buying recycled products should be emphasized when possible as this creates markets for additional materials and diverts these materials from final disposal. Low High 1 - Low 0 0% % 3 - High 8 42% Effectiveness of the MCSEEP program is worth looking into. Is the county getting a bang for its buck?comment a little off, but I would also encourage buy local. This supports our residence and saves transportation costs/fuel. Provide leadership and support to municipalities and other entities in McHenry County seeking to improve overall waste management. McHenry County can model documents such as franchised waste management agreement, best management practices and other guidance available on its website. Low High 1 - Low 1 5% 2 1 5% 3 - High 17 89% I feel that this is a very important role that the county can play, sharing best practices and an opportunity for municipalities to network. I suggest that in addition to the meetings there be a monthly e-newsletter sent to the municipalities with the latest updates in the waste management worldhousehold Hazardous Waste, make model documents and with a list of where to take these items for all of the McHenry County Fire Departments. Perhaps they will do drives for this.absolutely! Continue to provide McHenry County Green Awards to highlight stewardship. 2 P a g e

75 Low High 1 - Low 0 0% % 3 - High 10 53% Add category where all businesses and organizations with certain recycling rates are included.perhaps advertise this one a little more, and possibly have different classes, ie apartment buildings, office building, manufacturing, hospitals ect. ~ Get the competition going!!! But we need to get more people aware of the green awards. Provide drop-in articles and blurbs on important waste management issues to municipalities while encouraging municipalities to create and distribute their own publications to raise awareness of important waste-related and environmental activities. Low High 1 - Low 1 5% % 3 - High 13 68% In an ideal world this sounds like a good idea, but in reality I can't envision too many people participating in quarterly meetings. The people who come will probably be the same group of people that are coming to these meetings and I unless learnings are somehow sent out to the community I don't see it really helping too many people. this can take the form of a monthly e- newsletter...great idea, but if choosing only some goals, others would win out over this one. Establish quarterly meeting series for municipal leaders, property managers, waste haulers and recyclers to share best management practices and lessons learned. Business forums hosted in conjunction with Chambers of Commerce provide opportunities help businesses effectively manage waste. 1 - Low 4 21% % 3 - High 11 58% 3 P a g e

76 Low High Survey municipal leaders, and others to see what topics are of high interest. Work with MCEDC and MCC Shah Business Center to co-sponsor business forums on managing waste.i would go with annually, and in the months of Jan. or Feb. ~ or Semi AnnuallyAbsolutely great idea. I would love participate and to learn from these. Develop partnerships with the business community, waste haulers, institutions, service and professional organizations, and governmental entities to expand the outreach potential for focused educational efforts. Low High 1 - Low 1 5% % 3 - High 12 63% Work closely with the McHenry County Schools Environmental Education Program to expand educational efforts in the schools.be careful of the newbie Green businesses out there.partner with McHenry County College in sponsoring educational opportunities for the groups mentioned above this is the Non For Profit groups, like Lou Marchi, and McHenry County Defenders. I would delegate this one.yes, yes, yes! John Dunsing from Jewel Corporate would be a great resource. Support efforts of environmental and civic groups that seek to raise awareness by directing them to high quality information sources and in term assist with publicizing their events when appropriate. Low 4 P a g e High 1 - Low 1 5% % 3 - High 9 47% Work with McHenry County College through the Lou Marchi Total Recycling Institute to expand the McHenry County Green Guide.Have this info readily available on the website ~ direction to the High quality information sources.great idea, but if choosing only some goals, others would win out over this one. Encourage municipalities and civic groups throughout McHenry County to advertise events and programs on their websites, community newsletters, elist bulletin announcements as well as other

77 technologies and approaches to help provide information to their residents. Request that partners provide a point of contact to the Solid Waste Manager to maintain point of contact information. Low High 1 - Low 2 11% % 3 - High 11 58% It would really be helpful to know ahead of time about upcoming electronics and paper shredding events. Continue to support the McHenry County Schools Environmental Education Program that provides environmental educators, curricula, instruction and assists with field trips to recycling facilities. Low High 1 - Low 3 16% % 3 - High 12 63% Comments above indicate a need for oversight.these kids are the Best motivators! Great idea, but if choosing only some goals, others would win out over this one. As a teacher in the public schools, I have just heard tht some folks don't find the program especially effective as is. I wonder how we could make it better. Investigate opportunities for public outreach at special events. 1 - Low 2 11% % 3 - High 4 21% Low High 5 P a g e

78 I think this needs a little more focus, again think this is for the Non-for Profits, and schools. Perhaps offer a? for the best outreach for waste reduction in the school, keeping their community cleaner, greener at. School Goals Establish internship program with NIU Master of Public Administration to assist with implementation of plan. Low High 1 - Low 3 16% % 3 - High 8 42% I would not limit internships to NIU and/or Public Administration program.good idea! Continue to include recycling and environmentally sound disposal options in waste related enforcement documents. Low High 1 - Low 0 0% % 3 - High 12 63% As far as carrots and sticks...is this more of a stick? I am all for sticks. Recycling Please answer the first two questions and evaluate the remaining recommendations according to priority: 1 being of low priority, 2 being of medium priority, and 3 being of high priority. With your current residential recycling rate of 33%, please select your preferred recycling rate for 2017: 6 P a g e

79 42% 2 11% 45% 9 47% 50% 8 42% With your current commercial/institutional recycling rate of 19%, please select your preferred recycling rate for 2017: 22% 1 5% 25% 10 53% 30% 8 42% Maintain and expand collection of data on recycling activity in McHenry County. Identify significant recycling data points that reflect changes in recycling activity in McHenry County and develop programming that fosters increased diversion of recyclable materials. Low High 1 - Low 1 5% % 3 - High 11 58% Work with haulers and municipalities to engage in performance benchmarking.i think expanding collection of data on recycling activity is a high priority not sure what is intended with programming that fosters increased diversion of recyclable materials what that would look like maybe medium priority for that part Continue to expand recycling programs to achieve a 50% recycling goal by 2020 (current estimated municipal waste recycling rate is 38%). 7 P a g e

80 Low High 1 - Low 0 0% % 3 - High 16 84% Why not? I think we need to convince our neighbors that this is completely doable and McHenry County should be a leader in this. Again, I believe many want to do better...just don't know why or how, therefore education and opportunity are key. Convene a committee to investigate, evaluate and develop recommendations on how Solid Waste Advisory Committee and McHenry County can realistically achieve a 50% recycling rate by The committee shall complete its investigation, and prepare and approve final recommendations. The Solid Waste Advisory Committee will be responsible for coordinating the meetings and implementing the final report recommendations. Low High 1 - Low 0 0% % 3 - High 9 47% I'm a little confused about this recommendation...isn't this what this committee is doing now? I think it is a good idea to establish a solid waste advisory committee to assist the county to achieve the goal of 50% recycling rate. Continue to support area recyclers in activities that expand their capabilities of diverting marketable materials from landfills when feasible. 1 - Low 2 11% % 3 - High 13 68% Low High 8 P a g e

81 Any recommendation on who the recyclers are and example of support? Would this include letters of support for grants?very important Continue to maintain and enforce local and state solid waste hauling and recycling ordinances and if necessary, recommend changes be made to ordinances that may create barriers to recycling. Low High 1 - Low 0 0% % 3 - High 13 68% high priority to recommend changes be made to ordinances that may create barriers to recycling...medium priority on enforcement...you need to enforce but wouldn't spend a lot of time and energy on thisyes, yes, yes! Encourage all McHenry County municipalities to establish volume based pricing (i.e., programs that provide incentives to reduce the amount of waste disposed) as an option. Low High 1 - Low 2 11% % 3 - High 10 53% This is a huge driver for increasing recycling rates. This should be the highest priority!all governmental bodies should have to recycle. It's for the betterment of our County.Super important to me!!!! Encourage McHenry County municipalities to implement cart-based recycling programs within their residential areas. Suggest providing larger carts for recycling and smaller carts for waste. 1 - Low 1 5% % 3 - High 11 58% 9 P a g e

82 Low High With this program, individual garbage bills should be reduced if they recycle more and make less garbage. Assist unincorporated areas and municipalities with franchising residential, multifamily and/or commercial collection services as a means to control costs, increase recycling, reduce the amount of greenhouse gases associated with collection services, and enhance community sustainability efforts. Low High 1 - Low 2 11% % 3 - High 12 63% I think the franchising model is an excellent tool to increase the recycling rateindifferent, I like the concept, but it may not be the greatest thing for small bus. Perhaps make the franchising smaller areas, but large enough to fill up one truck.mchenry County does not have statutory authority to require recycling for commercial sector. Continue to encourage all municipalities to adopt the model commercial and multifamily refuse and recycling enclosure ordinance. Low High 1 - Low 1 5% % 3 - High 11 58% Where can this model enclosure ordinance be reviewed? Committee members suggested explore new construction.yes! Identify and assist municipalities whose residential, commercial and/or multifamily recycling programs are underperforming or can be further optimized; conduct program evaluations and develop recommendations for improving programs. 10 P a g e

83 Low High 1 - Low 0 0% % 3 - High 11 58% Participate in the EPA Waste Wise Program and encourage commercial and industrial establishments, institutions, governmental agencies, and other nonresidential entities to participate in source reduction activities. Low High 1 - Low 2 11% % 3 - High 9 47% YESOnly if it is super effective. Depending on availability of funds and agency priorities, continue to further the development of source reduction programs, special event and public area recycling programs, plastic bag recycling programs, compost bin distributions and residential electronics collections. Low High 1 - Low 0 0% % 3 - High 10 53% For these type of programs, I would suggest partnering with municipalities, townships, environmental groupsi think the residence should pay for their compost bins at a local store, so maybe partner with ACE or other smaller hardware stores to provide them, and you can refer the residence where to purchase them.street-side recycling containers, fairs, festivals. Single day collections remain popular and can reach populations that may not have access to municipal or township programs. 11 P a g e

84 Continue to maintain a Capacity Agreement with a qualified recycling firm (currently Waste Management Recycle America L.L.C.) to assure that sufficient capacity is available to Municipalities, and that Solid Waste Advisory Committee members and McHenry County townships that direct material to the facility are eligible to receive a Per Ton Payment for their recyclables per the terms of the existing Intermediate Processing Facility Capacity Agreement (effective January 1, 2009 for a three year term with two, 2-year renewal options). Low High 1 - Low 3 16% % 3 - High 8 42% Don't know what this isdon't really understand this, but sounds important! Could this income pay for Hazardous Waste activities? There should always be a market for recyclables, we get calls all the time from companies wanting our plastics, papers/occ and electronics. Who currently has this Capacity Agreement? Encourage Municipalities to enter into a Per Ton Payment Intergovernmental Agreement with Solid Waste Advisory Committee in order to be eligible to receive payment (Per Ton Payment) for their recyclables per the terms of the existing Capacity Agreement. Low High 1 - Low 3 16% % 3 - High 5 26% I don't understand this one.don't know what this isagain, don't really understand this I hope this is a low figure, tricky, curbside recyclables don't weight that much. I would think this would only apply if McHenry County had a MRF, something our company has wanted to do. We have the perfect area for a MRF, one in Grayslake, Melrose Park, Chicago, they use to have one in Love Park. McHenry County Needs a MRF.Not personally knowledgable on this Encourage the development of additional general construction or demolition (C&D) debris recycling facilities as permitted by Section of the Illinois Environmental Protection Act. With the enactment of Public Act , general C&D debris recycling facilities can be located in McHenry County, without having to obtain local siting approval in accordance with Section 39.2 of the Illinois Environmental Protection Act, and instead will be regulated by applicable zoning requirements. As a result, Solid Waste Advisory Committee will develop 12 P a g e

85 zoning guidelines for such facilities that address the location, design, operation and closure of such facilities. Low High 1 - Low 0 0% % 3 - High 9 47% I am not familiar with responsibility or authority to develop these guidelines.we should make sure that the Unified Development Ordinance that is currently being worked on include such zoning guidelines...yes, We are probably opening one soon. Hmmm, zoning guidelines? I would think industrial, or manufacturing zoned property.ditto Encourage the development of programs to increase the collection and composting of residential and commercial organic material (such as landscape waste, food scrap and livestock waste). Low High 1 - Low 1 5% % 3 - High 12 63% Yes, perhaps a Best Practices Guide, I am sure they already have one for the industry, so I would like to see the County make it available and least the link for that info ~ reason being if it is not taken proper care of then there will be odors.great idea, but if choosing only some goals, others would win out over this one. Evaluate recent increases in landscape waste collection and composting costs, and determine if McHenry County needs to take any action to better control and/or reduce the costs associated with both collecting and managing the material. 1 - Low 6 32% % 3 - High 6 32% 13 P a g e

86 Low High I don't understand this one.i am not familiar with an increased in landscaping and composting cost.not sure what action the county could do to control/reduce costsit's business, this would be an issue for a college report. Encourage10 schools to instititute food scrap programs with assistance from DCEO. Low High 1 - Low 4 21% % 3 - High 7 37% would suggest working with the Environmental Education Program for schools to implement this project.excellent 50% of schools institute food scrap recycling. Low High 1 - Low 6 32% % 3 - High 6 32% A 25% goal would be more achieveable.of course I would love to see this but seems a bit ambitious...love it Encourage food scrap recycling for restaurants. Low 14 P a g e High 1 - Low 4 21% % 3 - High 7 37% Need a carrot or a stick for this to actually happen. $ speaks.

87 10% of restaurants use food scrap recycling. Low High 1 - Low 5 26% % 3 - High 5 26% Work with McHenry Co. Restaurant Association and other business organizations.after the schools have done it, so that the food scrap recyclers industry can grow, and provide more cost effective options for the restaurants. Household Chemical Waste (HCW) Management Please evaluate the following recommendations according to priority: 1 being of low priority, 2 being of medium priority, and 3 being of high priority. Encourage procurement department and other purchasers to revise procurement guidelines to minimize reliance of hard-to-manage materials and to seek out environmentally preferable, less toxic products with less costly life management. Low High 1 - Low 2 11% % 3 - High 12 63% DefinitelyEmphasis on promotion of HHW avoidance and use of safer alternatives.so important. Fix the problem rather than simply managing it. Identify mechanisms for providing Household Hazardous Collection events independent of IEPA funds. 15 P a g e

88 Low High 1 - Low 1 5% % 3 - High 12 63% I believe Kane County has a doorside HHW collection program that local jurisidicitons participate in.discuss possible agreements with SWALCO.At Fire Stations :)Many people ask for this. Pursue product stewardship programming to encourage manufacturers of products that are costly to manage to manage such as toxics to voluntarily collect products in McHenry County. Low High 1 - Low 3 16% % 3 - High 4 21% This doesn't seem feasible so wouldn't want to spend a lot of time and energy on.don't understand.good PR for them Encourage and support municipalities in the establishment of supplemental HCW programs such as waste oil collection programs (i.e. McHenry Zurich and McHenry Barrington Programs), Partner for Paint programs (i.e., Algonquin Township Partner for Paint programs (i.e., Algonquin Township Road Dist. Program) and fluorescent lamp collection centers (i.e. Highland Park, Riverwoods and Third McHenry Programs). Low High Should be the non-for profits 1 - Low 2 11% % 3 - High 13 68% 16 P a g e

89 Focus on efforts to reduce the volume of latex paint coming into the HCW Program by working more closely with existing latex paint recycling firms/programs such as Earth Paints Collection Systems and the Algonquin Township Road Dist. Program. Low High 1 - Low 3 16% % 3 - High 6 32% Encourage another latex paint recycler. The stores do already take this, Loyds, ACE ect. Provide funding for periodic tire collection events. Conduct these events in affiliation with the IEPA tire collection program and cosponsor with the McHenry County Farm Bureau. Sponsor these events on even calendar years (2013, 2015, and 2017). Low High 1 - Low 2 11% % 3 - High 10 53% STAR tire in Rockford, $1.00 ea. for car tires. Have the residence at least pay for their tires and hopefully get enough to cover the trucking costs. Maintain a listing of environmental contractors and disposal programs (i.e. IEPA s laboratory waste collection program) to use as a referral for business, institutions and school districts. Low High 1 - Low 1 5% % 3 - High 11 58% Put list in the McHenry Co. Green Guide.Knowledge is goodpeople want to know how to do the right thing. 17 P a g e

90 Consider offering Municipalities assistance in conducting one-day collection events for neighboring Illinois counties as another potential revenue source. Low High 1 - Low 2 11% % 3 - High 10 53% Not a clear statementi think working with Lake County might be a possibility... Let's just focus on McHenry County, there is enough to do here Finance and Waste-Based Economic Development Please evaluate the following recommendations according to priority: 1 being of low priority, 2 being of medium priority, and 3 being of high priority. McHenry County should monitor and apply to federal, state and private sources for grants and loans to be used for capital assistance when such funding is consistent with the goals of the Plan. Low High 1 - Low 1 5% % 3 - High 11 58% Always, maybe partner with a college class to work on this.easier for 501c3 non-profit organizations, but definitely encourage partnerships. Municipalities should be encouraged to consider other available sources of assistance grants and funds to finance and operate local recycling projects. 18 P a g e

91 Low High 1 - Low 2 11% % 3 - High 9 47% Identify contiguous businesses to pursue shared service agreements with waste haulers to enable smaller businesses to afford higher quality services that incorporate food scrap and other recycling opportunities. Low High 1 - Low 2 11% % 3 - High 8 42% Work with local Chambers and the MCC Sustainability Center to have a forum around this topic.start with the Schools and then growfantastic idea! Department of Health and Department of Planning and Development in partnership with waste haulers should consider transforming underutilized lands to store recyclables when recycling markets lack liquidity. Low High 1 - Low 12 63% % 3 - High 3 16% This is a gamble that may not be worth the effort and cost.again,with limited staff and time, not a high priorityi think that is more of a regulation, there are plenty of empty warehouses Work with Department of Planning and Development and Economic Development Groups to identify potential partners in salvage store business, second hand or vintage retailers to accept and sell deconstruction materials. 19 P a g e

92 Low High 1 - Low 8 42% % 3 - High 7 37% Maybe just spread the word about decon salvaginggood Idea Partner with not-for-profit entity to issue tax letter to businesses and residents providing salvage materials from deconstruction. Low High 1 - Low 5 26% % 3 - High 6 32% You mean a tax credit for creating salvagable materials instead of it going to a landfill and or C& D recycling facility? Sounds like a tax law Assess passing a deconstruction ordinance to require demolition contractors to recycle 70% by weight of debris for all demolition projects (excluding sheds and garages) and that residential properties also demonstrate 5% by weight is being diverted for reuse. Low High 1 - Low 6 32% % 3 - High 9 47% I like the idea of a deconstruction ordinance not sure of the percentages whether they are reasonable and attainable Might be to high of a rate to start with, perhaps a sliding scale, 1st. year 30%, 2nd. year 50% and once evaluated go to 70% by weight is easy, concrete, shingles, Yes! Consider strategic partnership with workforce development partners and McHenry County 20 P a g e

93 Community College to provide deconstruction training. Low High 1 - Low 2 11% % 3 - High 7 37% Love it!!!! Continue to support the Publication of the McHenry County Green Guide. Low High 1 - Low 1 5% % 3 - High 12 63% This can be put on the health department new web sitebut business need to be vetted more accurately (or at all). I fear some included might not be as above board as they sound. Partner with Department of Planning and Development to track jobs and other economic activity from in recycling and waste management. Low High 1 - Low 4 21% % 3 - High 5 26% Good idea for a college, high school classthis should be MCEDC, not P&D Landfilling 21 P a g e

94 Please evaluate the following recommendations according to priority: 1 being of low priority, 2 being of medium priority, and 3 being of high priority. Maintain contact with landfills in Illinois Region 1, Region 2, and southeastern Wisconsin to request landfill based information for McHenry based waste. Low High 1 - Low 1 5% % 3 - High 10 53% Already in place I think. yes continueare the landfills able to report exclusively Mchenry County waste? How? How reliable/confident is the data?not knowledgable Continue to implement source reduction, reuse, recycling, and composting programs to reduce dependence on landfilling. Low High 1 - Low 1 5% % 3 - High 15 79% Within the Governmental bodies. Education! Continue to use prevailing guidance for McHenry County and the siting authority (the unit of local government with siting jurisdiction in accordance with Section 39.2 of the Illinois Environmental Protection Act) will continue using the three guidelines that were outlined in the 1989 Plan for evaluating landfilling technology. These guidelines are: utilize proven technology; minimize emissions; and avoid large economic risks. 1 - Low 1 5% % 3 - High 8 42% Low High 22 P a g e

95 1989 seems like a long time ago...have their been any new guidelines developed?not knowledgable Encourage existing and new landfill owners that receive McHenry County material to design and implement landfill technologies such as leachate recirculation systems to extend life expectancy, reduce long term toxicity and conserve resources when possible and environmentally appropriate. Low High 1 - Low 4 21% % 3 - High 9 47% They are a business, they already do that on their own to sustain their business and the permits they hold Encourage existing and new landfill owners that receive McHenry County material to design and implement landfill gas collection and management systems that capture and utilize the maximum amount of landfill gas for energy recovery as opposed to direct flaring of some or all of the landfill gas. Low High 1 - Low 4 21% % 3 - High 8 42% They are already doing that for the income. Sounds like an EPA issue with the permits. If their was a landfill in McHenry County I would agree. Work with other County Waste Managers and joint action agencies such as SWALCO to encourage incorporation of onsite scavenging technologies at landfills to recover more recyclables. 23 P a g e

96 Low High 1 - Low 5 26% % 3 - High 10 53% IEPA issue, rule and regs ~ The colleges could write a report to be submitted to the epa, or the legislation environmental committee that would enable this activity. Unless of course we have "Home Rule"Yes. Let's not bury valuable materieals. Solid Waste Transfer Please evaluate the following recommendations according to priority: 1 being of low priority, 2 being of medium priority, and 3 being of high priority. Transfer station operations - related to the unloading of refuse, recyclables and landscape waste, temporary storage of the materials on the tipping floor, and the loading of transfer trailers must be located within a portion of the transfer station that can be completely enclosed. (This does not require the transfer station to keep its incoming and outgoing doors closed during operations unless proximity to a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulated airport requires that doors open and close with the acceptance of waste. This does prohibit the development of a three sided and/or an open top structure as a transfer station in Lake County.) Developers are strongly encouraged to incorporate green/sustainable building principles into the design and operation of the facility and the overall site. Low High 1 - Low 5 26% % 3 - High 8 42% Transfer station developers must include in the design and operation of the facility the transfer of recyclables and landscape waste. Transfer station developers are encouraged to evaluate the processing of the solid waste into a renewable resource that could be transported to off-site markets. 24 P a g e

97 Low High 1 - Low 1 5% % 3 - High 11 58% Yes! McHenry County and the siting authority (the unit of local government with siting jurisdiction in accordance with Section 39.2 of the Illinois Environmental Protection Act) will continue using the three guidelines that were outlined in the 1989 Plan for evaluating transfer station technology. These guidelines are: utilize proven technology; minimize emissions; and avoid large economic risks. Low High 1 - Low 1 5% % 3 - High 8 42% not knowledgable Work with transfer stations, recyclers, and waste haulers to asses feasibility of storing recyclables when markets for recycled materials undermine financial feasibility of recycling. Low zoning issues High 1 - Low 9 47% % 3 - High 7 37% Administration 25 P a g e

98 Please evaluate the following recommendations according to priority: 1 being of low priority, 2 being of medium priority, and 3 being of high priority. McHenry County Department of Health should continue the coordinated county wide approach to the management and disposal of all nonhazardous waste generated within McHenry County, including the management of recyclable and recoverable materials. Place increased emphasis on non-residential waste, including commercial, industrial waste and construction and demolition debris. Low High 1 - Low 0 0% % 3 - High 11 58% would add landscape and food scrapes to the listi don't know what "County wide approach" means.i support that McHenry County Department of Health should continue providing centralized management of the plan implementation process. Low High 1 - Low 1 5% % 3 - High 11 58% Update Annual Waste Hauler Survey to monthly or quarterly data collection. Low High 1 - Low 6 32% % 3 - High 9 47% Getting accurate data is critical...quarterlythis is a great idea 26 P a g e

99 Convert Annual Waste Hauler Survey from paper submission to electronic data collection. Low High 1 - Low 2 11% % 3 - High 11 58% Whatever makes it more convenient to tabulate for you.dependent upon hauler survey encouraged to avoid potential for human data entry error Issue guidance to waste haulers for providing composition data to Solid Waste Manager. Low High 1 - Low 1 5% % 3 - High 10 53% It's already part of our routine. Perhaps when they get the solid waste hauling permit they can get a piece of paper that tells them the year end requirements.dependent upon hauler survey Legislative Initiatives Please evaluate the following recommendations according to priority: 1 being of low priority, 2 being of medium priority, and 3 being of high priority. Engage with SWANA, Illinois Product Stewardship Institute working group and Illinois Recycling Association to monitor legislative initiatives involving recyclables. 1 - Low 5 26% % 3 - High 11 58% Low High 27 P a g e

100 This is where the rules can change in our favor. Definitely. Governmental buildings and institutions mandatory recycling manufacturing and business mandatory recycling Where appropriate support legislative initiatives of groups such as SWANA, Illinois Product Stewardship Institute working group and Illinois Recycling Association to support legislation that shifts the onus to manufacturers of items with significant end-of-life management costs from local governments. Low High 1 - Low 2 11% % 3 - High 11 58% Don't understand this one. Make sure that when a manufacture makes something that he has to know how to dispose of it/recycle it?i feel that this is so incredibly important and just. Businesses make decisions about packaging, etc. based only on their bottom line. They NEED to be made responsible for for end of life issues related to their products so that it becomes part of THEIR bottom line, not the taxpayers!! Consider revising application fees and process to tiered approach for Pollution Control Siting Ordinance to make process easier for recyclers and waste managers. Low High 1 - Low 0 0% % 3 - High 11 58% I don't know what the county fees are. They have to complete so much for the IEPA that to some degree it's redundant. As long as the property is located in an industrial / manufacturing zoning, they should just have the basic business fees.yes!! Partner with municipalities to remove barriers to commercial and institutional recycling, such as adjusting screening requirements for dumpsters that create space limitations making incorporation of recycling and organics containers infeasible. 28 P a g e

101 Low High 1 - Low 2 11% % 3 - High 11 58% Didn't know there were any barriers. Yes!! Create ordinance to transfer authority of waste management to tenants from property owners. Low High 1 - Low 4 21% % 3 - High 7 37% Opinion of State's Attorney before proceeding not sure of this one...i don't know. ~ What if the property owner signed an agreement with a bad person/business, I think it's better to keep it with the property owners, they are the ones who have control of the tenants, so it is part of their job to enforce county regs.yes! Incorporate green business owners and operators recognition to annual green awards to reward commercial and industrial recycling. Low High 1 - Low 2 11% % 3 - High 11 58% I thought they already did thisthis survey is much too long! Most are good ideas, and most are High, but--- TOO LONG! Kristy, what company/ individuals created this? Alice Howenstine The most vital goal should be to get toxics out of the waste stream througth education and regulation, Expanded composting would assist with upping the recycling rate percentage.good AwarenessThis is already addressed in recommendation under Public 29 P a g e

102 Info./Education for the McHenry County Green AwardsMaybe even establish some type of award/recognition businesses can advertise having earned so that... Number of daily responses 30 P a g e

103 Plan Recommendations Submitted to Advisory Committee

104 Cover Sheet for Draft Recommendations Introduction Because the core notion of sustainability revolves around the wise use of resources, including preservation of environmental assets, effective waste management is integrally important to the sustainability of McHenry County. McHenry County s Solid Waste Management Plan seeks to reduce waste disposed at landfills, increase recycling to 50% and promote overall environmental health. While promoting environmental health, McHenry County strives to promote a vibrant, job rich, opportunities and paving the way for promoting waste-based economic development by deriving value from the waste stream. Background With the passage of the Solid Waste Planning and Recycling Act in 1988, counties were required to develop waste management plans to manage the municipal waste generated within their borders. McHenry County adopted its first Solid Waste Management Plan in 1992 titled Solid Waste Management Plan, , Phase I and Phase II and has since adopted the required five year updates in 1997, 2002 and in 2007 completed its third and 15 year update to the plan. Since the 15 Year Update, Solid Waste Management has been transitioned from the Department of Planning to the McHenry County Department of Public Health. Now the Department of Health is the entity responsible for implementing the plan and preparing update recommendations on behalf of the county. The Solid Waste Manager is the contact staff person within the department responsible for the plan implementation with oversight from the Director of Public Health. Since transitioning solid waste management to the Department of Health, the Solid Waste Manager has worked in tandem with the Department Director to leverage Department Resources to support raising awareness of important waste and recycling issues to support positive behavior change as well as effectively deliver programs mutually beneficial to public health and waste management such as introducing the leaf burning ban while promoting leaf collection and expanding electronic recycling in hopes of keeping harmful toxics out of the waste stream. The county continues to support established programs in the areas of solid waste management planning, education, and enforcement. Programs such as special collection events (e.g., household hazardous waste and used tire collections) will be pursued as funding allows. Since the 15 Year Plan Update, Recycling programs have increased dramatically with the increase in the number of items that can be recycled; the County s population in 1990 was approximately 183,421, today it is over 300,000 and is expected to grow to 457,594 by 2030; and citizens and businesses have a renewed awareness of the need to conserve resources and protect the environment. The McHenry County Plan has continued to evolve during the past 20 years, which is one of the practical and useful benefits of updating the Plan every five years. Organization of Recommendations The Recommendations are organized into the following major sections: Public Education and Information Recycling Household Hazardous Waste Waste-Based Economic Development Landfill Solid Waste Transfer Administrative Legislative Initiatives 1 of 16

105 Public Information and Education Recommendations Target Date Responsible Parties Indicators Develop a new website or revise the current website to provide the following five types of information: Waste hauler specific information (Requirements, Link to Annual Survey, Link to any required documents), Recycling information for residents (Events and opportunities, Information about what they should recycle, reuse or otherwise separate from other garbage such as toxics), Regulatory information (All county specific ordinances), Best Management Practices for municipalities, businesses and institutions (Make model contracts, flyers and other tools available and Provide information for basic considerations for contracting with waste haulers.), Residential Service Information (Service information from franchises) and Environmental Education School Program Year 1 MCH DPH, MCH DPD, MCH Information officer Website traffic, Ease of collecting data for all parties, fewer calls for information to Solid Waste Manager. Embrace and incorporate new information technologies in promotional efforts (e.g., social media, websites, services, etc.). Year 1 MCH DPH, MCH DPD, MCH Information officer Increased participation in programming. Identify new and support ongoing activities of McHenry County s public information and education programs to encourage waste reduction, reuse, recycling and recovery/re-buy (buying recycled products) and sustainability practices through McHenry County s websites and other publications, as well as community organizations such as PTA/PTO's, park districts, libraries, church, corporate and other community groups. The importance of buying recycled products should be emphasized when possible as this creates markets for additional materials and diverts these materials from final disposal. Provide leadership and support to municipalities and other entities in McHenry County seeking to improve overall waste management. McHenry County can model documents such as franchise waste management agreement, best management practices and other guidance available on its website. Continue to provide McHenry County Green Awards to highlight stewardship. Ongoing MCH DPH Increased program participation. Year 1 MCH DPH Increased use of best management practices resulting in better quality management. Ongoing MCH DPH 6 awards are given each year. 2 of 16

106 Public Information and Education Recommendations Target Date Responsible Parties Indicators Provide drop-in articles and blurbs on important waste management issues to municipalities while encouraging municipalities to create and distribute their own publications to raise awareness of important waste-related and environmental activities. Year 2 MCH DPH 25 municipalities public 4 articles per year in newsletters for total of 100 articles Establish quarterly meeting series for municipal leaders, property managers, waste haulers and recyclers to share best management practices and lessons learned. Business forums hosted in conjunction with Chambers of Commerce provide opportunities help businesses effectively manage waste. Year 2 MCH DPH, MCH DPD, MCH Information officer, Chambers of Commerce, Waste Haulers, Recyclers 4 meetings per year. Develop partnerships with the business community, waste haulers, institutions, service and professional organizations, and governmental entities to expand the outreach potential for focused educational efforts. Year 2 MCH DPH, MCH DPD, MCH Information officer, Chambers of Commerce, Waste Haulers, Recyclers Increase use of BMPs amongst businesses Support efforts of environmental and civic groups that seek to raise awareness by directing them to high quality information sources and in term assist with publicizing their events when appropriate. Ongoing MCH DPH, Civic and Environmental Groups. Increased activity to support environmental health. Encourage municipalities and civic groups throughout McHenry County to advertise events and programs on their websites, community newsletters, elist bulletin announcements as well as other technologies and approaches to help provide information to their residents. Request that partners provide a point of contact to the Solid Waste Manager to maintain point of contact information Year 2 MCH DPH, MCH DPD, MCH Information officer, Chambers of Commerce, Waste Haulers, Recyclers, Municipalities Increased availability of events and participation in those events. Continue to support the Environmental Education Program that provides environmental educators, curricula, instruction and assists with field trips to recycling facilities. Ongoing MCH DPH, MCH DPD, EEP, SCHOOLS, Recycling Facilities 6 school events, 4 field trips per year. Investigate opportunities for public outreach at special events. Ongoing MCH DPH, MCH DPD, EEP, SCHOOLS, Recycling Facilities Increased awareness 3 of 16

107 Public Information and Education Recommendations Target Date Responsible Parties Indicators Increase awareness of new recycling and reuse opportunities as they become available. Ongoing MCH DPH, Civic and Environmental Groups. Increased awareness Establishment internship program with NIU Master of Public Administration to assist with implementation of plan Continue to include recycling and environmentally sound disposal options in waste related enforcement documents. Year 2 MCH DPH Increased awareness Ongoing MCH DPH Increased awareness 4 of 16

108 Recycling Recommendations Target Date Responsible Parties Indicators Maintain and expand collection of data on recycling activity in McHenry County. Identify significant recycling data points that reflect changes in recycling activity in McHenry County and develop programming that fosters increased diversion of recyclable materials. Ongoing MCH DPH Improved information Continue to expand recycling programs to achieve a 50% recycling goal by 2020 (current estimated municipal waste recycling rate is 38%). Year 1 MCH DPH, MCH DPD, MCH Information officer Reduce waste diverted to landfill Convene a committee to investigate, evaluate and develop recommendations on how Solid Waste Advisory Committee and McHenry County can realistically achieve a 50% recycling rate by The committee shall complete its investigation, and prepare and approve final recommendations. The Solid Waste Advisory Committee will be responsible for coordinating the meetings and implementing the final report recommendations. Ongoing MCH DPH Reduce waste diverted to landfill Continue to support area recyclers in activities that expand their capabilities of diverting marketable materials from landfills when feasible. Ongoing MCH DPH Support recycling activities. Continue to maintain and enforce local and state solid waste hauling and recycling ordinances and if necessary, recommend changes be made to ordinances that may create barriers to recycling. Encourage all McHenry County municipalities to establish volume based pricing (i.e., programs that provide incentives to reduce the amount of waste disposed) as an option. Ongoing MCH DPH Overall environmental quality Year 2 MCH DPH, Municipalities Improved recycling rate Encourage McHenry County municipalities to implement cart-based recycling programs within their residential areas. Suggest providing larger carts for recycling and smaller carts for waste. Assist unincorporated areas and municipalities with franchising residential, multifamily and/or commercial collection services as a means to control costs, increase recycling, reduce the amount of greenhouse gases associated with collection services, and enhance community sustainability efforts. Year 2 MCH DPH, Municipalities Improved recycling rate Year 2 MCH DPD Increase use of BMPs 5 of 16

109 Recycling Recommendations Target Date Responsible Parties Indicators Continue to encourage all municipalities to adopt the model commercial and Ongoing MCH DPH, Municipalities Improved recycling rate multifamily refuse and recycling enclosure ordinance. Identify and assist municipalities whose residential, commercial and/or multifamily recycling programs are underperforming or can be further optimized; conduct program evaluations and develop recommendations for improving programs. Participate in the EPA Waste Wise Program and encourage commercial and industrial establishments, institutions, governmental agencies, and other nonresidential entities to participate in source reduction activities. Year 2 MCH DPH, Municipalities Improved recycling rate Year 1 MCH DPD More resources Depending on availability of funds and agency priorities, continue to further the development of source reduction programs, special event and public area recycling programs, plastic bag recycling programs, compost bin distributions and residential electronics collections. Continue to maintain a Capacity Agreement with a qualified recycling firm (currently Waste Management Recycle America L.L.C.) to assure that sufficient capacity is available to Municipalities, and that Solid Waste Advisory Committee members and McHenry County townships that direct material to the facility are eligible to receive a Per Ton Payment for their recyclables per the terms of the existing Intermediate Processing Facility Capacity Agreement (effective January 1, 2009 for a three year term with two, 2-year renewal options). Ongoing MCH DPH Improved recycling rate Ongoing MCH DPH, MUNICIPALITIES Improved recycling rate Encourage Municipalities to enter into a Per Ton Payment Intergovernmental Agreement with Solid Waste Advisory Committee in order to be eligible to receive payment (Per Ton Payment) for their recyclables per the terms of the existing Capacity Agreement. Year 2 MCH DPH, MUNICIPALITIES Improved recycling rate 6 of 16

110 Recycling Recommendations Target Date Responsible Parties Indicators Encourage the development of additional general construction or demolition (C&D) debris recycling facilities as permitted by Section of the Illinois Environmental Protection Act. With the enactment of Public Act , general C&D debris recycling facilities can be located in McHenry County, without having to obtain local siting approval in accordance with Section 39.2 of the Illinois Environmental Protection Act, and instead will be regulated by applicable zoning requirements. As a result, Solid Waste Advisory Committee will develop zoning guidelines for such facilities that address the location, design, operation and closure of such facilities. Year 2 MCH DPH Increase capacity for C&D. Encourage the development of programs to increase the collection and composting of residential and commercial organic material (such as landscape waste, food scrap and livestock waste). Evaluate recent increases in landscape waste collection and composting costs, and determine if McHenry County needs to take any action to better control and/or reduce the costs associated with both collecting and managing the material. Encourage10 schools to instititute food scrap programs with assistance from DCEO. Year 2 MCH DPH Increased capacity for composting Year 2 MCH DPH Better cost management Year 1 MCH DPH Diversion 50% of schools institute food scrap recycling Year 5 MCH DPH, SCHOOLS, DCEO Diversion Encourage food scrap recycling for restaurants. Year 1 MCH, DPH, CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE, RESTAURANT ASSOCIATIONS 10% of restaurants use food scrap recycling Year 5 MCH, DPH, CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE, RESTAURANT ASSOCIATIONS 7 of 16

111 Household Chemical Waste (HCW) Management Recommendations Target Date Responsible Parties Indicators Encourage procurement department and other purchasers to revise procurement guidelines to minimize reliance of hard-to-manage materials and to seek out environmentally preferable, less toxic products with less costly life management Year 2 MCH DPH, Purchasing Department Reduced Toxics Identify mechanisms for providing Household Hazardous Collection events independent of IEPA funds. Ongoing MCH DPH, Municipalities, Waste Haulers Reduced toxics Pursue product stewardship programming to encourage manufacturers of products that are costly to manage to manage such as toxics to voluntarily collect products in McHenry County. Ongoing MCH, SWANNA, IRA, PSI ILLINOIS WORKING GROUP Reduced toxics Encourage and support municipalities in the establishment of supplemental HCW programs such as waste oil collection programs (i.e. McHenry Zurich and McHenry Barrington Programs), Partner for Paint programs (i.e., Algonquin Township Road Dist. Program) and fluorescent lamp collection centers (i.e. Highland Park, Focus on efforts to reduce the volume of latex paint coming into the HCW Program by working more closely with existing latex paint recycling firms/programs such as Earth Paints Collection Systems and the Algonquin Township Road Dist. Program. Provide funding for periodic tire collection events. Conduct these events in affiliation with the IEPA tire collection program and cosponsor with the McHenry County Farm Bureau. Sponsor these events on even calendar years (2010, 2012, and 2014). Maintain a listing of environmental contractors and disposal programs (i.e. IEPA s laboratory waste collection program) to use as a referral for business, institutions and school districts. Year 1 MCH DPH, Municipalities Improved programming Ongoing MCH DPH Improved programming Year 2 MCH DPH, Municipalities Improved recycling rate Ongoing MCH DPH Encourage better toxics management 8 of 16

112 Household Chemical Waste (HCW) Management Recommendations Target Date Responsible Parties Indicators Consider offering Municipalities assistance in conducting one-day collection Year 2 MCH DPD, MUNICIPALITIES Better toxics management events for neighboring Illinois counties as another potential revenue source. 9 of 16

113 Finance and Waste-Based Economic Development Recommendations Target Date Responsible Parties Indicators McHenry County should monitor and apply to federal, state and private sources for grants and loans to be used for capital assistance when such funding is consistent with the goals of the Plan. Ongoing MCH More resources to pursue plan. Municipalities should be encouraged to consider other available sources of assistance grants and funds to finance and operate local recycling projects. Ongoing MCH DPH, DCEO, MUNICIPALITIES More resources to pursue solid waste plan objectives. Identify contiguous businesses to pursue shared service agreements with waste haulers to enable smaller businesses to afford higher quality services that incorporate food scrap and other recycling opportunities. Year 1 MCH DPH, Municipalities, Chambers of Commerce, Restaurants, Restaurants receive affordable waste management that includes compost services. Department of Health and Department of Planning and Development in partnership with waste haulers should consider transforming underutilized lands to store recyclables when recycling markets lack liquidity. Year 2 MCH DPH, MCH DPD, WASTE HAULERS, RECYCLERS Increased liquidity in recycling market leading to more recycling. Work with Department of Planning and Development and Economic Development Groups to identify potential partners in salvage store business, second hand or vintage retailers to accept and sell deconstruction materials. Year 1 MCH DPH, MHC DPD, CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE Economic activity from creative reuse. Partner with not-for-profit entity to issue tax letter to businesses and residents providing salvage materials from deconstruction. Year 1 MCH DPH, MHC DPD, CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE Market is created for deconstructed materials resulting in economic opportunity and increased diversion. 10 of 16

114 Finance and Waste-Based Economic Development Recommendations Target Date Responsible Parties Indicators Assess passing a deconstruction ordinance to require demolition contractors to recycle 70% by weight of debris for all demolition projects (excluding sheds and garages) and that residential properties also demonstrate 5% by weight is being diverted for reuse. Year 1 MCH DPH, MHC DPD, CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE Market is created for deconstructed materials resulting in economic opportunity and increased diversion. Consider strategic partnership with workforce development partners and McHenry County Community College to provide deconstruction training. Year 2 MCH DPH, MHC DPD, CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE, COMMUNITY COLLEGES, WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT Workforce is positioned for deconstruction jobs. Continue to support the Publication of the McHenry County Green Guide Ongoing MCH DPH, Civic and Environmental Groups. Increased activity to support recycling based economic activity. Partner with Department of Planning and Development to track jobs and other economic activity from in recycling and waste management. Year 1 MCH DPH, MCH DPD Better understanding of green jobs in McHenry County 11 of 16

115 Landfilling Recommendations Target Date Responsible Parties Indicators Maintain contact with landfills in Illinois Region 1, Region 2, and southeastern Year 1 MCH DPH, LANDFILLS Direct contacts with landfills Wisconsin to request landfill based information for McHenry based waste. Continue to implement source reduction, reuse, recycling, and composting programs to reduce dependence on landfilling. Year 1 MCH DPH, MCH DPD, MCH Information officer Increased diversion Continue to use prevailing guidance for McHenry County and the siting authority (the unit of local government with siting jurisdiction in accordance with Section 39.2 of the Illinois Environmental Protection Act) will continue using the three guidelines that were outlined in the 1989 Plan for evaluating landfilling technology. These guidelines are: utilize proven technology; minimize emissions; and avoid large economic risks. Ongoing MCH DPH Guidelines are followed Encourage existing and new landfill owners that receive McHenry County material to design and implement landfill technologies such as leachate recirculation systems to extend life expectancy, reduce long term toxicity and conserve resources when possible and environmentally appropriate. Year 1 MCH DPH Improved Environmental Health Encourage existing and new landfill owners that receive McHenry County material to design and implement landfill gas collection and management systems that capture and utilize the maximum amount of landfill gas for energy recovery as opposed to direct flaring of some or all of the landfill gas. Ongoing MCH DPH Improved Environmental Health Work with other County Waste Managers and joint action agencies such as SWALCO to encourage incorporation of onsite scavenging technologies at landfills to recover more recyclables. Year 2 MCH DPH, SWANNA, SWALCO, SWANC, SSMMA, WCMA, WILL COUNTY SOLID WASTE MANAGER, KANE COUNTY SOLID WASTE MANAGER Increased diversion. 12 of 16

116 Solid Waste Transfer Recommendations Target Date Responsible Parties Indicators Solid waste transfer stations, if developed in accordance with the applicable requirements of the McHenry County Solid Waste Management Plan will be considered consistent with the Plan. These recommendations are not applicable to landscape waste transfer stations or general construction and demolition debris recycling facilities as permitted under Section of the Illinois Environmental Protection Act, but are applicable to any transfer station that meets the definition of a pollution control facility under the Act. Ongoing MCH DPH, MCH DPD, MCH Information officer Environmental quality and quality of life maintained. A transfer station site should be large enough to provide for a facility large enough to safely and efficiently manage the anticipated volume of waste, adequate buffering and screening, stormwater management, and safe traffic flow. If the site is proposed for additional functions, including but not limited to, vehicle and equipment storage, vehicle maintenance, office space, processing of recyclables, or processing of waste into a fuel it must be demonstrated that the site is large enough for all proposed functions. Ongoing MCH DPH, MCH DPD, MCH Information officer Environmental quality and quality of life maintained. Identify new and support ongoing activities of McHenry County s public information and education programs to encourage waste reduction, reuse, recycling and recovery/re-buy (buying recycled products) and sustainability practices through McHenry County s websites and other publications, as well as community organizations such as PTA/PTO's, park districts, libraries, church, corporate and other community groups. The importance of buying recycled products should be emphasized when possible as this creates markets for additional materials and diverts these materials from final disposal. Ongoing MCH DPH Increased program participation. 13 of 16

117 Solid Waste Transfer Recommendations Target Date Responsible Parties Indicators Ongoing MCH DPH Environmental quality and quality of life maintained. Transfer station operations - related to the unloading of refuse, recyclables and landscape waste, temporary storage of the materials on the tipping floor, and the loading of transfer trailers must be located within a portion of the transfer station that can be completely enclosed. (This does not require the transfer station to keep its incoming and outgoing doors closed during operations unless proximity to a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulated airport requires that doors open and close with the acceptance of waste. This does prohibit the development of a three sided and/or an open top structure as a transfer station in Lake County.) Developers are strongly encouraged to incorporate green/sustainable building principles into the design and operation of the facility and the overall site. Transfer station developers must include in the design and operation of the facility the transfer of recyclables and landscape waste. Transfer station developers are encouraged to evaluate the processing of the solid waste into a renewable resource that could be transported to off-site markets. McHenry County and the siting authority (the unit of local government with siting jurisdiction in accordance with Section 39.2 of the Illinois Environmental Protection Act) will continue using the three guidelines that were outlined in the 1989 Plan for evaluating transfer station technology. These guidelines are: utilize proven technology; minimize emissions; and avoid large economic risks. Ongoing MCH DPH Environmental quality and quality of life maintained. Ongoing MCH DPH Environmental quality and quality of life maintained. Work with transfer stations, recyclers, and waste haulers to asses feasibility of storing recyclables when markets for recycled materials undermine financial feasibility of recycling. Year 2 MCH DPH, MCH DPD, Waste Haulers, Recyclers Improved liquidity in recycling market thereby increasing overall recycling and improved diversion. 14 of 16

118 Administration Recommendations Target Date Responsible Parties Indicators McHenry County Department of Health should continue the coordinated county wide approach to the management and disposal of all nonhazardous waste generated within McHenry County, including the management of recyclable and recoverable materials. Place increased emphasis on non-residential waste, including commercial, industrial waste and construction and demolition debris. Ongoing MCH DPH Solid waste plans and state required reports are submitted in timely fashion. McHenry County Department of Health should continue providing centralized management of the plan implementation process. Ongoing MCH DPH Update Annual Waste Hauler Survey to monthly or quarterly data collection. Convert Annual Waste Hauler Survey from paper submission to electronic data collection. Year 1 MCH DPH Quarterly summaries created. Year 1 MCH DPH Improved data quality and fewer errors from handwritten forms. Issue guidance to waste haulers for providing composition data to Solid Waste Manager Year 2 MCH DPH Increase diversion by creating better targeted programs. 15 of 16

119 Legislative Initiatives Recommendations Target Date Responsible Parties Indicators Engage with SWANA, Illinois Product Stewardship Institute working group and Year 1 MCH DPH, SWANA, IPSI, IRA Support initiatives beneficial to Illinois Recycling Association to monitor legislative initiatives involving recyclables. waste management. Where appropriate support legislative initiatives of groups such as SWANA, Illinois Product Stewardship Institute working group and Illinois Recycling Association to support legislation that shifts the onus to manufacturers of items with significant end-of-life management costs from local governments. Year 1 MCH DPH, SWANA, IPSI, IRA Support initiatives beneficial to waste management. Consider revising application fees and process to tiered approach for Pollution Control Siting Ordinance to make process easier for recyclers and waste managers, Year 2 MCH DPH, LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS COMMITTEE Promotes recycling facilities. 16 of 16

120 Landfill Capacity Analysis

121 Technical Memorandum To: Kristy Hecke From: Eve Pytel Date: September 26, 2012 Subject: Landfill Capacity The Delta Institute performed a capacity analysis for landfills in northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin using data from Illinois Environmental Protection Agency and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. The key finding is that based on current disposal rates that there is 12 years of capacity available in Region 2 that overlays with the Chicago Metropolitan Region and includes Cook, DuPage, Grundy, Kane, Kankakee, Kendall, Lake, McHenry and Will County and there is 16 years of capacity remaining for Region 1, which represents the 12 most northwestern counties: Boone, Bureau, Carroll, DeKalb, JoDaviess, LaSalle, Lee, Ogle, Putnam, Stephenson, Whiteside and Winnebago. Additionally, landfills in Southeastern and South Central Wisconsin that currently accept waste from Illinois have small capacity; however, only one of those landfills has a project site life of 10 years. 35 East Wacker Drive Suite 1200 Chicago, Illinois fax

122 1 Northern Illinois Landfill Capacity IL EPA County Name Years Waste Accepted 2011 Capacity Info Region Remaining Region 2 Lake Countryside Landfill 10 1,396,208 (423,093) 14,131,000 (4,282,000) Inc. Region 2 Grundy Envirotech Inc 2 278,700 (84,455) 629,000 ( 191,000) Region 2 Will Laraway Recycling and Disposal Facility 16 1,024,384 (310,419) 16,095,000 (4,877,000) Region 2 Will Prairie View Recycling and Disposal Facility 18 2,757, ,582 48,970,000 (14,839,000) Region 2 Cook River Bend Prairie Landfill 1 823, , ,000 ( 298,000) Region 2 Lake Veolia ES Zion Landfill* 8 1,613, ,842 12,851,000 (3,894,000) Region 1 Dekalb DeKalb County Landfill 6 326,361 98,897 1,827,000 ( 554,000)

123 2 Region 1 Ottawa LandComp Landfill , ,552 17,429,000 (5,282,000) Region 1 Lee Lee County Landfill Inc. 38 1,514, ,054 58,283,000 (17,662,000) Region County Title Years Waste Accepted 2011 Capacity Info Remaining Region 1 Whiteside Prairie Hill Recycling and Disposal Facility 20 2,139,008 (648,184 ) 42,152,000 (12,773,000) Region 1 Ogle Rochelle Municipal Landfill No. 2 Region 1 Ogle Veolia ES Orchard Hills Landfill Inc. Region 1 Winnebago Winnebago Landfill ,899 (61,182 ) 15,146,000 (4,590,000) 17 5,096,351 (1,544,349) 91,715,000 (27,792,000) 3 5,699,422 (1,727,098) 17,142,000 (5,195,000) *2012 certified gate cu. yds. (tons) This summary is based on the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Twenty-Fifth Annual Landfill Capacity Report 2011 for Reporting Period: Jan. 1 to Dec. 31,

124 3 Wisconsin Landfill Capacity Facility Name DNR Region County LF Size Initial or Original Capacity Cap. as of Jan.2011 In Cu Yds Cap. as of Jan In Cu Yds Estimated Site Life In Years VEOLIA ES MALLARD RIDGE LANDFILL INC SE Walworth LF3 5,197,000 4,477,719 4,819, JANESVILLE CTY LF (NEW) SC Rock LF3 4,765,000 2,836,279 2,551,564 WM WI - PHEASANT RUN RECYCLING & DISPOSAL SE Kenosha LF3 3,470, ,423 45,853 1 VEOLIA ES GLACIER RIDGE LF LLC SC Dodge LF3 3,885,800 7,296,700 6,716,428 3 W M W I - METRO RECYCLING & DISPOSAL SE Milwaukee LF3 5,175, ,195 2,919,840 4 WM WI - PHEASANT RUN RECYCLING & DISPOSAL SE Kenosha LF3 487,000 9,003,683 8,984,269 2 KESTREL HAWK LF SE Racine LF3 5,000,000 2,084,066 1,873,085 8 *Wisconsin Capacity Report for licensed landfills

125 McHenry County Solid Waste Collection Data and Waste Generation Data Management Recommendations

126

127 Haulers + 44 licensed waste haulers (Refuse, Recyclables, Landscape Waste) Data Measurement: Tons MSW usually per landfill scales Close to (100%) responded (2010) Recyclers + Collectors 280 organizations from McHenry County Green Guide (Recyclables) Data Measurement: Gallons, Tons, Lbs, CuYds (manually converted) 44 (16%) responded (2010) = Total Refuse 381,124 tons Discarded in 2010

128 Aims for comprehensive collection Strengths Haulers Approx. 100% of list reports Small number of residential haulers (7) creates higher chance of quality residential data. Haulers - Some data estimated or incomplete - Some Tons based on truck scales (?) Challenges Recyclers & Collectors 84% do not report Difficult to guard against double counting Potential for conversion errors

129 Collection of refuse totals directly from landfills (IL landfills must report to IEPA so higher chance of data being reliable.) Landfill disposal data compared to hauler collected disposal data. (Can help check accuracy.) Hauler Franchises (i.e. held by some Lake County municipalities) promote higher level of data integrity during collection.

130 Cashiering System at Transfer Stations or a fee based reporting system facilitates tracking. Recyclers (outside of IL) reporting to government agencies helps promote reliability and accessibility of data. Quarterly, monthly and sometimes daily data reporting promotes accuracy and completeness compared to annual reporting. Electronic data reporting eliminates data entry errors.

131 Checks and Balances Tighter/ More Frequent Reporting, Can ID Trends Formalized Data Collection systems

132 Greater control leading to more complete and reliable data

133 Key Metric = Waste Disposal per capita per day (pcd).

134 Due to varying definitions of recycling (recycling, reuse, refurbishment, source reduction): Comprehensive amounts recycled very difficult to track Recycling Rate less meaningful as accurate metric. Recyclers and collectors hesitant to report for confidentiality and competitive reasons

135 Recommendations For McHenry Data Collection and Management

136 Collect disposal data from landfills. Use landfill data for overall disposal calculations. Collect disposal data from haulers for residential, commercial and C&D waste. Use data to ID trends and to compare to landfill data. Use only residential hauler data for calculations. Create extra checks and balances (i.e. documentation) on residential waste reported by 7 haulers to guarantee quality of residential data. Begin On line (electronic) monthly reporting ideally for haulers and recyclers/collectors. Automate any and all calculations (conduct unit conversion calculations via an Excel spreadsheet.) Use PCD Disposal Rate for MSW as primary tracking metric.

137 Step 1: Collect Data from Recommended Sources Tons Disposed Waste (From Landfills) + Tons Recycled Waste (From Recyclers) Tons Generated Waste

138 Step 1a: Convert Collected Data as Needed Calculate conversions of units i.e. gallons, CuYds to tons via automated method i.e. Excel spreadsheet using established and reliable conversions i.e. IEPA densities.

139 Step 2: Convert Data to PCD PCD Baseline Disposal Rate = Tons Disposed Waste (from Landfills) X 2,000 lbs per ton 365 days per yr Census Population PCD Baseline Recycled Rate= Tons Recycled Waste (from Recyclers) X 2,000 lbs per ton 365 days per yr Census Population PCD Baseline Generated Waste = PCD Disposal + PCD Recycled

140 Step 2: Convert Data to PCD For Census Population 2011 = 2010 Census Population x = 2011 Calculation X = 2012 Calculation X 1.02 Etc. through 2019 In 2020 use 2020 Census Population

141 Step 3: Determine Baseline Diversion Percentage and Use to Set Target Diversion Percentage: Baseline Diversion Percentage = 1-(PCD Baseline Disposal Rate/PCD Baseline Generated Rate) i.e. 30% Target Diversion Percentage i.e. 40% set based on assessment of McHenry County s ability to divert (i.e. recycle, reuse, reduce, refurbish)

142 Step 4: Determine Goal PCD Disposal Rate PCD Goal Disposal Rate = PCD Baseline Generated Rate X (1-Target Diversion Percentage)

143 Step 5: Calculate Reduction Factor Reduction Rate Factor % = (PCD Goal Disposal Rate PCD Baseline Disposal Rate)

144 Step 6: Split PCD Goal Disposal Rate Between Residential and Commercial/C&D a. Collect Tons Residential Disposed Waste (From 7 Haulers) b. Convert Data to PCD Baseline Residential Disposal Rate c. Subtract from PCD Baseline Disposal Rate to derive PCD Baseline Commercial /C&D Disposal Rate

145 Step 6: Split Goal PCD Disposal Rate Between Residential and Commercial/C&D d. PCD Goal Residential Disposal Rate = Reduction Rate Factor X PCD Baseline Residential Disposal Rate e. PCD Goal Commercial Disposal Rate = Reduction Rate Factor X PCD Baseline Commercial/C&D Disposal Rate

146 To assess feasibility of recommendations, some questions should be answered

147 Are Residential, Commercial and C&D waste always collected separately (i.e. via separate vehicles or separate compartments in vehicles) or are the 3 streams sometimes comingled? Is residential waste reported by 7 Haulers only residential waste or is their comingling of some commercial/c&d waste? Are recyclers/collectors willing to provide data quarterly or monthly? Which if any recyclers/collectors (that accept recyclables from other counties besides McHenry) have the ability to collect/report on material collected from McHenry County only?

148 Are haulers willing to provide data monthly? Are haulers and recyclers/collectors willing to use an on-line electronic data collection portal? What on-line application works best and is most cost effective for McHenry County? i.e. Re-TRAC (custom), Google Doc etc. Can Haulers identify which recyclers they transport recyclables to?

149 Can it be determined from haulers a comprehensive list of all landfills used for disposal? Is McHenry County willing to contact landfills for disposal data? How is the Transfer Station used (i.e. by which haulers? does data collection occur?)

150 Extra survey for haulers, collectors/recyclers Phone calls with haulers, collectors/recyclers In person individual and group meetings

151 Municipal Waste Hauler License Application and Annual Report

152 2012 McHENRY COUNTY MUNICIPAL WASTE HAULER LICENSE APPLICATION AND ANNUAL REPORT This application must be completed by ALL haulers of discarded materials within McHenry County. MUNICIPAL WASTE HAULER LICENSING ORDINANCE, SECTION 401: No person or company shall engage in the business of collecting or transporting discarded materials from a residential dwelling unit or commercial customer in the County without first procuring a license to do so from the County. COMPLETION REQUIRES: Accurate calculation and payment of fees, a report of hauling and recycling operations, a report of areas serviced and communities under contract, and certification of all information provided signed and notarized. Send completed application to: ATTN SOLID WASTE MANAGER MCHENRY COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 2200 NORTH SEMINARY AVENUE WOODSTOCK IL Completed applications and payments must be and received by MARCH 1, 2012 or LATE FEES will be incurred COMPANY INFORMATION (please type or print) Name of Hauler: Completed by: Name: Title: Mailing Address: Telephone: Cell: FAX: / website: OFFICIAL USE ONLY / / LF LVR PR SA C/FAC PERMIT #: HQ VR CERT

153 LICENSING AND VEHICLE REGISTRATION FEES Haulers are required to pay licensing and vehicle registration fees each year. Use the table below to calculate your fees. If you have begun conducting business on or after July 1, 2012, go directly to the HALF-YEAR FEES section below. HAULER LICENSE FEE ($50) $ VEHICLE REGISTRATION FEE ($25 per vehicle) + $25 x = (no. of vehicles) SUB-TOTAL LATE FEE (if applicable) Completed applications submitted after the required due date of March 1, 2012, shall be subject to the following late fees: One (1) to seven (7) calendar days late (March 2 March 8, 2012) 25% late fee Eight (8) to thirty (30) calendar days late (March 9 March 31, 2012) 50% late fee Thirty-one (31) or more calendar days late (After April 1, 2012) 100% late fee (If late fee applies, multiply above sub-total by 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0) sub-total + late fee = TOTAL DUE HALF-YEAR FEES Use this section ONLY IF YOU ARE STARTING TO CONDUCT BUSINESS in McHenry County on or after July 1, (Late fees do not apply.) HALF-YEAR HAULER LICENSE FEE ($25) $ HALF-YEAR VEHICLE REGISTRATION FEE ($12.50 per vehicle) + $12.50 x = (no. of vehicles) HALF-YEAR TOTAL DUE PAYMENT OF ALL FEES MUST ACCOMPANY THE LICENSE APPLICATION MAKE CHECK PAYABLE TO: McHenry County Department of Health

154 HAULING SERVICE The table below contains all the ZIP codes in McHenry County. Please identify where you have provided service in the last calendar year (2011) by placing a checkmark in all boxes that apply. If you service areas in a municipality for a given ZIP code, place a checkmark in the box under Incorporated. Denote service in unincorporated areas by placing a checkmark in the box under that heading. Please write the number of customers served in each in each ZIP code by category and total them at the bottom. For your reference, a map of McHenry County ZIP codes is on the back of this page. Note: Many ZIP codes extend beyond county borders. Report service only within McHenry County. NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS BY SERVICE AREA CATEGORY Commercial/ Construction/ ZIP Incorporated / Unincorporated Residential Institutional Demolition * 60140* * TOTALS What type of services do you offer? pick-up -off containers -ups only * Only a small portion of these ZIP codes are in McHenry County. Be sure to report service only within McHenry County.

155 60010 Barrington Hills, Crystal Lake, Bull Cary, Oakwood Hills, Crystal Lake, Fox River Grove Harvard Hebron Crystal Lake Island Lake Bull Valley, Holiday Holiday Hills, Richmond Ringwood Spring Grove, Fox Bull Valley, Wonder Bull Valley, Algonquin, Genoa* Hampshire* Huntley Marengo Lake in the Hills Union Garden Prairie* Port Barrington Valley, Prairie Grove Port Barrington, Trout Valley Lakewood (P.O. Box only) Hills, Johnsburg, Lakemoor, McCullom Lake, McHenry Johnsburg, Lakemoor, McHenry Lake Lake Greenwood, Woodstock, Wonder Lake Barrington Hills * Municipality is not in the County, only a portion of the ZIP code area McHenry County ZIP Codes and Municipalities

156 CURRENT COMMUNITY CONTRACTS List all McHenry County communities with whom you currently have a contract. Denote the type of service contracted (municipal solid waste and/or municipal recyclable materials) by placing a checkmark ( ) in the appropriate box(es). Check this box if you have no current contracts in McHenry County McHENRY COUNTY COMMUNITY CONTRACTED SERVICE EXPIRATION DATE SOLID WASTE SOLID WASTE SOLID WASTE SOLID WASTE SOLID WASTE SOLID WASTE SOLID WASTE SOLID WASTE SOLID WASTE RECYCLABLES RECYCLABLES RECYCLABLES RECYCLABLES RECYCLABLES RECYCLABLES RECYCLABLES RECYCLABLES RECYCLABLES DISPOSAL/ RECYCLING/ COMPOSTING FACILITIES List the facilities that you will use for disposal and/or recycling of ALL discarded materials collected in McHenry County. FACILITY NAME ADDRESS TELEPHONE #

157 HAULING QUANTITIES Please indicate the quantities of materials that you have hauled over the last year. The figures must be reported in tons and be separated by type of customer and by type of material. MATERIALS HAULED IN McHENRY COUNTY BETWEEN JANUARY 1, 2011 DECEMBER 31, 2011 TYPE OF CUSTOMER COMMERCIAL / CONSTRUCTION / MATERIAL RESIDENTIAL INSTITUTIONAL DEMOLITION RECYCLABLE TONS TONS TONS LANDSCAPE WASTE TONS TONS TONS COLLECTED FOR LANDFILL TONS TONS TONS CERTIFICATION I hereby certify that the information provided in the submitted application and the annual report is complete, true and accurate to the best of my knowledge. I also certify that municipal waste collection services are provided in accordance with the McHenry County Municipal Waste Hauler Licensing Ordinance. Company Name: Authorized Signature: Date Print or type name: SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN TO ME BEFORE THIS DAY OF, 2012 Notary Public Return your completed application and payment by March 1, 2012, to: ATTN SOLID WASTE MANAGER MCHENRY COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 2200 N. SEMINARY AVE. WOODSTOCK, ILLINOIS If assistance is needed in completing this application, call: (815)

158 VEHICLE REGISTRATION FORM McHENRY COUNTY MUNICIPAL WASTE HAULER LICENSING PROGRAM Please provide the following information for all vehicle(s) operating in McHenry County used to collect and transport discarded materials. If more space is needed, use table on the back of this page or make additional copies. Name of Hauler: License Year: Where are these vehicles stored when not in use? Street Address: City: License Plate No. Make Model Year Number of Axles Body Type (front loader, roll-off, etc.) Empty Vehicle Weight Capacity (cubic yards)

159 License Plate No. Make Model Year Number of Axles Body Type (front loader, roll-off, etc.) Empty Vehicle Weight Capacity (cubic yards)

160 Recycler/Collector Survey

161 RECYCLABLE MATERIALS COLLECTED 1. Please mark the materials including estimated amount(s) that you collected January 1, 2012 December 31, Please do not report recyclables removed by your licensed municipal waste hauler who also reports to McHenry County. 3. You are encouraged to recycle more than the recyclable materials stated below. ***Please mark the primary customer/source that you service: RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTION CONSTRUCTION/DEMOLITION RECYCLABLE MATERIAL o Batteries o Christmas Trees o Clean Construction or Demolition Debris (CCDD) o Electronics o Fluorescent lamps o Food Scraps o General Construction or Demolition Debris (GCDD) o Glass o Landscape Waste o Metals o Paint, latex o Paper o Plastics o Plastic Shopping Bags o Textiles (i.e. clothing) o Tires o Toner Cartridges o Used Motor Oil o Other Recyclables (please list) DESCRIPTION Recycling: any process by which materials that would otherwise be disposed of or discarded are collected, separated or processed and returned to the economic mainstream in the form of raw materials or products. rechargeable, alkaline, lead-acid uncontaminated broken concrete without protruding metal bars, bricks, rock, stone, reclaimed or other asphalt pavement CEDs: TVs, computers, monitors, printers VCRs/DVD players, video game consoles EEDs: cords & cables, mobile phones, etc. non-hazardous, uncontaminated materials resulting from the construction, remodeling, repair, and demolition of utilities, structures, and roads: shingles, wood, drywall, etc. ferrous, non-ferrous, white goods & appliances, aluminum, steel, tin recycled - not fuel blended cardboard, paperboard, newspaper, magazines, mixed Plastics #1 7: PET, PETE, HDPE, V, LDPE, PP, PS recycled - not incinerated recycled - not burned for heating purposes QUANTITY (gallons, pounds, tons, cubic yards) Amount of solid waste that you transported & discarded at a transfer station or landfill:

162 Methodology for Calculation of Recycling Rate and Disposal Rate

163 Methodology for Calculation of Recycling Rate and Disposal Rate Data Sources: Municipal Solid Waste Hauler Survey (required) Survey of McHenry County Collectors and Recyclers (voluntary) Waste Categories: Residential Commercial/Institutional Construction and Demolition Municipal Solid Waste includes garbage, general household and commercial solid waste, general commercial and office waste, landscape waste and construction and demolition debris. Municipal Solid Waste does not include special waste, hazardous waste, industrial process waste, potentially infectious medical waste or pollution control waste. These types of wastes are subject to separate and additional disposal requirements. The Recycling Rate is the percentage of Municipal Solid Waste that is collected, separated or processed and returned to the economic mainstream in the form of raw materials or products. Recycled materials included in the calculation of the Recycling Rate include: Manure Alkaline and rechargeable batteries Lead Acid batteries Aluminum Paper Glass Plastics Metals General Construction & Demolition Debris Landscape waste Food scraps Fluorescent Lamps Tires (recycled) Latex Paint Textiles Styrofoam Electronics Christmas Trees The Recycling Rate equals the total tons recycled divided by the total tons of generated municipal solid waste times one hundred. Example: 2011 Overall Recycling Rate: Total Recycled = 125,357.7 tons Total Generated Municipal Solid Waste = 354,566.5 tons Recycling Rate = = X 100 = 35.4% The PCD Disposal Rate is the amount (pounds) of municipal solid waste that is disposed in a sanitary landfill per person per day.

164 The PCD Disposal Rate equals the total tons of landfilled municipal solid waste times 2000 pounds divided by 365 days per year divided by the county population. Example PCD Disposal Rate: Total Landfilled Municipal Solid Waste = tons X 2000 pounds = 458,417,600 pounds Pounds Per Day = 458,417,600 pounds = days PCD Disposal Rate = pounds per day = 4.07 pounds per person per day persons

165 Illinois EPA Annual Survey Analysis for McHenry County

166 Technical Memorandum To: Kristy Hecke From: Eve Pytel Date: November 27, 2012 Subject: Charts developed from IEPA Annual Survey Data Data submitted to Illinois Environmental Protection Agency was analyzed to determine long term trends. In general, McHenry County is moving in the right direction increasing recyclables; however, it should be noted that in the years different methodologies and different vastly different materials were included as recyclables Ratio Recycled Total MW Recycled (Tons) Total MW Generated (Tons) Population Year PCD %Recycled 1 P a g e

167 Technical Memorandum Municipal Solid Waste - McHenry County Materials Collected Traditional Recyclables Other Recyclables Aluminum, Batteries (Household), Batteries (Lead Acid), Commingled Recyclables, Construction & Demolition Debris, Glass, Landscape Waste, Metals (incl. white goods/computers), Paint - Latex, Paper (incl. OCC, paperboard, newspaper, magazines, junk mail), Electronics, Fluorescent lamps, Toner cartridges, Used motor oil, Antifreeze, Styrofoam, Wood pallets, Restaurant grease, Textiles, Christmas trees, Shoes Aluminum, Batteries (Lead Acid), Commingled Recyclables, Construction & Demolition Debris, Landscape Waste, Metals (incl. white goods and computers), Paint - Latex, Paper (incl. OCC, paperboard, newspaper, magazines, junk mail); Plastics, Tires Fluorescent lamps Aluminum, Batteries (Lead Acid), Commingled Recyclables, Construction & Demolition Debris, Landscape Waste, Metals (incl. white goods and computers), Paint - Latex, Paper (incl. OCC, paperboard, newspaper, magazines, junk mail); Plastics, Tires None Aluminum, Commingled Recyclables, Construction & Demolition Debris, Glass, Landscape Waste, Metals (incl. white goods and computers), Paint - Latex, Paper (incl. OCC, paperboard, newspaper, magazines, junk mail), Plastics, Tires None Aluminum, Batteries (Lead Acid), Commingled Recyclables, Construction & Demolition Debris, Glass, Landscape Waste, Metals (incl. white goods and computers), Paint - Latex, Paper (incl. OCC, paperboards, newspapere, magazines, junk mail); Plastics, Tires None Aluminum, Batteries (Lead Acid), Commingled Recyclables, Glass, Landscape Waste, Metals (incl. white goods and computers), Paint - Latex, Paper (incl. OCC, paperboard, newspaper, magazines, junk mail); Plastics, Tires Latex and oil-based paint, motor oil, shoes, clothing Aluminum, Batteries (Household), Batteries (Lead Acid), Commingled Recyclables, Construction & Demolition Debris, Glass, Landscape Waste, Metals (incl. white goods/computers), Paint - Latex, Paper (incl. OCC, paperboard, newspaper, magazines, junk mail), Plastics, Tires Tennis shoes, clothing Aluminum, Commingled Recyclables, Construction & Demolition Debris, Glass, Landscape Waste, Metals (incl. white goods and computers), Paint - Latex, Paper (incl. OCC, paperboard, newspaper, magazines, junk mail), Plastics, Tires None Aluminum, Batteries (Household), Batteries (Lead Acid), Commingled Recyclables, Construction & Demolition Debris, Glass, Landscape Waste, Metals (incl. white goods/computers), Paint - Latex, Paper (incl. OCC, paperboard, newspaper, magazines, junk mail), Plastics, Tires Land-applied sewage from private septic systems Aluminum, Batteries (Household), Batteries (Lead Acid), Commingled Recyclables, Construction & Demolition Debris, Glass, Landscape Waste, Metals (incl. white goods/computers), Paint - Latex, Paper (incl. OCC, paperboard, newspaper, magazines, junk mail), Plastics, Tires Land-applied sewage from private septic systems 2 P a g e

168 Technical Memorandum Year Population % Change Pop. Municipal Solid Waste - McHenry County from Illinois Annual EPA Survey Total MW disposed (tons) MW generation rate (pcd) % Change MW disposed Total MW recycled Percent MW recycled % Change MW recycled ,760-3% 381, % 157, % 7% ,641 0% 366, % 146, % -11% ,641 1% 454, % 164, % 89% ,943 1% 374, % 86, % 19% ,373 3% 376, % 73, % -10% ,990 3% 320, % 81, % -37% ,389 4% 335, % 129, % 36% ,091 2% 316, % 94, % -13% ,165 5% 320, % 108, % 25% ,208 0% 305, % 86, % 0% 3 P a g e

169 Technical Memorandum Aluminum AntiFreeze 1 Batteries, Household Batteries, Lead Acid Christmas Trees 1 Commingled Contruction Debris Electronics 1 Flourescent Lamps Glass Landscape Waste Metals (incl white goods) Paint/Laytex Paper Plastics 1 1 Restaurant greese 1 Shoes styrofoam Textiles Tires (not incinerated) Toner Cartridges 1 Used Motor Oil Wood Pallets 1 Land Applied Sewage P a g e

170 Previous Plan (15 Year Plan Update)

171 Implementation Status of 2007 Plan Update Source Reduction Year Update Recommendations Increase public awareness of recycling and conservation programs through the monthly "Recycling Round-Up" column in the Northwest Herald Newspaper. Develop a "green" policies initiative to be adopted by the McHenry County Board that calls for environmentally friendly practices to be employed when feasible by McHenry County Government. Implementation Status Not Implemented. Recycling Round-Up column no longer published. The Department has transitioned to providing this information on the Department s webpage, in press releases, on electronic signs and social medial. The Official McHenry County Green Guide, published annually by the Lou Marchi Total Recycling Institute at MCC is also widely available to county residents. The guide includes comprehensive recycling options for residents. Implemented. McHenry County implemented green procurement policy in Encourage programs that concentrate on waste reduction as the first priority in solid waste management efforts. Promote the pay-as-you-throw system as the basis for residential waste collection in all municipalities within the county. Educate municipal officials on pay-as-you-throw techniques and provide other assistance as needed. Educate commercial and industrial establishments, institutions, governmental agencies, and other non-residential entities on source reduction programs. Implemented. The McHenry County Schools Environmental Education Program (MCSEEP) provides programming to kindergarten through Grade 12 students incorporating the 4 R s (reduce, reuse, recycle and rot (compost). Multiple community outreach programs conducted promoting reusable bags, home composting, waste free lunches, green living, waste reduction for businesses and food scrap composting. Partially implemented. Volume based pricing included in the 5 incorporated franchise agreements implemented by McHenry County. The County has no direct involvement when municipalities renew solid waste removal contracts, but county franchise information promoted on website as example. Partially Implemented. Staff has met with some village administrators, near the designated areas to discuss the county s franchised solid waste removal program. The program has been promoted and available on the Solid Waste Program website Implemented. MCDH met with food establishment operators to introduce food scrap recycling and composting; presented commercial waste reduction and recycling at workshop for industry sponsored by the Solid Waste Agency for Northern Cook County; developed flyers for County Green team; sponsored a contest for local schools to recognize source reduction and recycling efforts; and encouraged County Fair Association to implement recycling containers at annual county fair.

172 Recycling and Reuse Disposal in Landfills Pursue recycling and special waste disposal programs such as Household Hazardous Waste Collections and Used Tire Collections. Promote and encourage businesses that process recycled material and those that manufacture products with post-consumer recycled materials. Coordinate efforts with municipalities and the McHenry County Economic Development Corporation. The County Employee Recycling Committee should continue to promote the 3 Rs within county departments using incentives such as recognition awards and tools such as the intranet. Continue the Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle Awards Program. Develop recycled product procurement policy for the county. Develop a recycling procedure for construction or demolition sites. Create a forum for waste haulers to discuss solid waste issues and work toward greater accuracy and consistency in reporting annual hauling quantities. Continue to implement source reduction, reuse, recycling, and composting programs to reduce dependence on landfilling. Partially Implemented. Regularly provide residents with information regarding the four (4) permanent household hazardous waste collection sites in Illinois, which are open to all Illinois residents; sponsored several single day collection events for electronics alkaline and rechargeable batteries; met with Township Highway Commissioners regarding permanent electronic collection sites; promoted the Drug Enforcement Administration s National Take Back Initiatives; Algonquin Township Road District maintains a Partners in Waste Paint Solutions Program; five (5)local law enforcement agencies accept residential waste medications. Implemented. Annual McHenry County Green Awards recognize waste reduction and recycling efforts of individuals, businesses, institutions and organizations. The Official McHenry County Green Guide, published by the Lou Marchi Total Recycling Institute and MCC promotes businesses that implement sustainable practices. Not implemented. The original intent for this recommendation was to encourage business recycling in municipalities. MCDH will continue to explore this recommendation in the next plan update. Implemented. The McHenry County Green Team maintains an intranet site regarding recycling for county employees, regularly promotes recycling through s to employees and Earth Day recognition displays, expanded its Call2Recycle rechargeable and cell phone recycling collection containers, and sponsored a document destruction day for county residents. Implemented. The Annual McHenry County Green Awards recognize waste reduction and recycling efforts of individuals, businesses, institutions and organizations. Implemented. McHenry County implemented a green procurement policy in Not Implemented. Partially Implemented. Discussion on solid waste issues with licensed municipal waste haulers occurs daily with the Solid Waste Manager. No formalized forum established. Methodology for solid waste data collection will be evaluated in the plan update. Implemented. Regularly provide residents with information regarding the four (4) permanent household hazardous waste collection sites in Illinois, which are open to all Illinois

173 Secure landfill space to accept waste generated in McHenry County. Encourage the development of transfer stations in McHenry County. Review and update the Guidelines for a New Solid Waste Disposal Facility in McHenry County as deemed necessary. Verify that any proposed landfills in McHenry County are, at a minimum, designed, operated, and monitored in compliance with the most current RCRA Subtitle D regulations and other regulations subsequently adopted by the State of Illinois. residents; sponsored several single day collection events for electronics, alkaline and rechargeable batteries; met with Township Highway Commissioners regarding permanent electronic collection sites; multiple electronics recycling events held by a variety of groups and agencies throughout the county; participation by eleven (11) local law enforcement agencies in the Drug Enforcement Administration s National Take Back Initiatives; Algonquin Township Road District maintains a Partners in Waste Paint Solutions Program; five (5) local law enforcement agencies accept residential waste medications; multiple document destruction events held by organizations and banks in the community; electronics, CFS, batteries, and Styrofoam recycling offered by Environmental Defenders of McHenry County; multiple township and municipal recycling services including brush, paints, electronics, shoes, Christmas tree lights, clothing and used motor oil. A comprehensive list of recyclers and collectors provided in the Official Green Guide for McHenry County published by the Lou Marchi Total Recycling Institute at MCC. Not implemented. Implemented. The Virginia Road Transfer Station, which accepts municipal solid waste and a limited amount of landscape waste, began operations December One additional landscape waste transfer station, Peterson Pit Landscape Waste Transfer, began operations in Not implemented. No sanitary landfills were proposed in McHenry County from

174

175

176

177

178

179 McHenry County Solid Waste Ordinances Timeline

180 McHenry County Solid Waste Ordinances Timeline ( ) Municipal Waste Hauler Licensing Ordinance McHenry County Solid Waste Management Plan 10 Year Update Pollution Control Facility Siting Ordinance Revised Open Burning of Landscape Waste Ordinance Implemented Residential Recycling Ordinance Municipal Waste Hauler Licensing Ordinance [UPDATE] McHenry County Solid Waste Management Plan 10 Year [AMENDMENT] Municipal Waste Hauler Licensing Ordinance [UPDATE] McHenry County Solid Waste Management Plan 15 Year Plan Update Municipal Solid Waste Ordinances & Timeline 2008 Revised Open Burning of Landscape Waste Ordinance implemented 2007 McHenry County Solid Waste Management Plan 15 Year Update Drafted June 2005 Municipal Waste Hauler Licensing Ordinance [UPDATE]: Modification of waste hauler appeals hearing process Sec Pollution Control Facility Siting Ordinance 2004 McHenry County Solid Waste Management Plan 10 Year Update [AMENDMENT]: Application for pollution control facilities to now include a county negotiated and endorsed host benefit agreement September 2002 McHenry County Solid Waste Management Plan 10 Year Update 2002 Municipal Waste Hauler Licensing Ordinance [UPDATE]: Waste hauler collection provisions adopted to include seasonal leaf collection 2001 Residential Recycling Ordinance: Requires residents to separate recyclable materials from other waste Municipal Waste Hauler Licensing Ordinance: Requires all solid waste haulers operating in McHenry County to be licensed and provide annual waste generation and recycling reports

181 Legislative Update

182 Technical Memorandum To: Kristy Hecke From: Eve Pytel Date: September 26, 2012 Subject: Anticipated Legislation Recent Legislation with Significant County Impact: Representatives Karen May and Robyn Gabel have sponsored HB4986 that is now Public Act The Task Force on the Advancement of Materials Recycling Act was created to review the status of recycling and solid waste management planning in Illinois with the goal of creating recommendations for expanding reduction, recycling reuse and composting in a way that is environmentally responsible and protects public health and safety and promotes economic development. It should be noted that the task force will focus on county recycling and waste management planning, planning; current and potential policies and initiatives in Illinois for waste reduction, recycling, composting, and reuse; funding for State and local oversight and regulation of solid waste activities; funding for State and local support of projects that advance solid waste reduction, recycling, reuse, and composting efforts; and the proper management of household hazardous waste. The review shall also evaluate the extent to which materials with economic value are lost to landfilling, and it shall also recommend ways to maximize the productive use of waste materials through efforts such as materials recycling and composting. The Task Force should be monitored as it there could be significant new requirements for county waste planning with respect to recyclables and especially composting. More General Future Legislation As local, county and state governments experience greater resource constraint there is a move toward extended product stewardship initiatives. Product stewardship refers to the concept of the producers of a material that has harmful or expensive end of life consequences funding the proper end of life disposal, recycling or refurbishing. The most recent successful example of this is the electronic recycling legislation requires electronic manufacturers to fund residential electronic recycling. Illinois has a product stewardship discussion group that includes solid waste managers throughout the state that works in partnership with the Product Stewardship Institute to look for opportunities for extended product stewardship legislation to enable local governments to overcome the cost of waste and hazardous waste management. Recent successful examples include electronic recycling and mercury thermostat legislation. There is large interest in a 35 East Wacker Drive Suite 1200 Chicago, Illinois fax

183 Technical Memorandum paint program working in partnership with the paints and coatings industry to subsidize or fully fund paint collection. Additionally, this past year a plastic bag initiative was vetoed by Governor Quinn; however, the legislation could return in a modified form. A nationwide scan indicates that the greatest opportunities for product stewardship legislation include: Mattresses, Paints, Sharps, Pharmaceuticals and Fluorescent Lamps. Additionally some states are advancing the concept of framework legislation that will result in potential programming for all products that fit criteria for product stewardship legislation. Pending and Recent Product Stewardship Legislation Initiatives Product Mattresses Mattresses Plastic Bags Mercury Thermostat Paint Sharps Fluorescent Lamps Paint Batteries Auto Switch Carpet Fluorescent Lamps Paint Pharmaceuticals Pharmaceuticals Batteries Fluorescent Lamps Mattresses Packaging Paint Paint Packaging Rechargeable Batteries Paint Pharmaceuticals Sharps Mercury Containing Devices Framework for product stewardship State California Connecticut Illinois Illinois Illinois Maine Massachusetts Minnesota New York New York New York New York New York New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island Rhode Island Rhode Island Rhode Island Rhode Island Vermont Vermont Washington Washington Washington Washington Wisconsin Emerging Trend 35 East Wacker Drive Suite 1200 Chicago, Illinois fax

184 Deconstruction Retailing in McHenry County: An Initial Investigation

185 Deconstruction Retailing in McHenry County: An Initial Investigation Marie Curatolo- November 15, 2012 Introduction Deconstruction of buildings can offer substantial cost savings over demolition (1). Many parts of a building, including doors, windows, plumbing and electrical figures, appliances, flooring, lumber and bricks can be salvaged during deconstruction (1). However, in order for deconstruction to be feasible in any location, regional and market factors must be supportive enough to make the practice favorable over traditional demolition. Assessing deconstruction market conditions for McHenry County is especially vital because of its implications for best management practices for construction waste. If the market is currently supportive, there is good reason to encourage deconstruction in the County because there would already be an opportunity to derive value from the waste in the existing market. However, without a strong current market, the County may choose to either take steps to develop it, or ship deconstructed materials to an already-developed market, which in this case would be Chicago. This report provides an initial assessment of market conditions in McHenry County and Chicago. It also outlines two possible sets of management practices regarding salvaged materials from deconstruction: development of a local market in McHenry County, or access to an existing market in Chicago. Which of these sets to choose depends on conclusions drawn by the County about the status of the current market for deconstructed building materials in McHenry County compared to that in Chicago. This report is not intended to be a comprehensive guide to deconstruction marketing, but instead provides a jumping off point from which to direct further investigation. Initial Assessment Favorable market conditions for deconstruction include policies, economic factors, and a culture of support in the community (14). Other indicators of potential deconstruction success in an area include location near higher-income areas and/or the presence of for-profit architectural salvage businesses or non-profit building re-use centers (14). The market for deconstruction can be influenced by what types of buildings are available for deconstruction and the possible uses of the recovered materials. Households most likely to choose deconstruction and generate more reusable material have large homes and high incomes and are usually single-family structures instead of commercial properties or multi-family buildings (15). Furthermore, wealthy areas (particularly those with a high amount of households in a tax bracket receiving benefits for deconstruction) with high environmental/sustainability consciousness are more likely to engage in deconstruction (15). Table* below provides indicators of select drivers of deconstruction. Deconstruction Driver Recent immigrant population status Homeownership Indicator Percentage foreign-born population. Percentage of population that are homeowners. McHenry County City of Chicago 9.8% (19). 21.1% (21). 84.1% (19). 47.8% (21).

186 Housing stock Percentage of housing age stock built before % (17). 68.2% (23). Construction and Construction renovation permits activity issued. 1,536 (11*). 2,502 (15). Wealth Median household income. $76,482 (19). $46,877 (21). Population age Percentage of people years old. 50.0% (18). 51.1% (22). Table*: Indicators of deconstruction drivers in McHenry County. Sources: 15. *Note: This data source is not guaranteed. Two more drivers include environmental consciousness and strength of the green building movement in the area, which may be indicated by the number of Green Party voters and the number of existing and pending LEED-certified buildings respectively (14). Other drivers may exist depending on the characteristics of the area in question, but an analysis based on an exhaustive list of all relevant drivers is beyond the scope of this report. It is certainly possible to add to this framework if the local conditions call for it. For each of the indicators presented in Table* above, higher values are associated with more favorable market conditions for deconstruction material. Depending on the results of this initial assessment, McHenry County may choose to either develop its own market within the county, or look to access the market in Chicago. It is also worth noting that the two options are not mutually exclusive, nor does the County need to limit its analysis to the drivers above. Further discussion of these options is presented below. Market Development Potential for McHenry County Based on the above assessment, McHenry County has an advantage in the deconstruction materials market when it comes to home ownership and wealth. However, this might not be enough to drive a sustained market for salvaged building materials. While the demographics of the area may not be controllable, the County does have more of a say in the somewhat dichotomous profile of its housing stock. The actual building stock of McHenry County is a somewhat unique mix of old and new, urban and rural. This character has influenced the building/housing stock in the area. The County contains various old and historic buildings and sites including aging barns and silos, fieldstone foundations, one-room schoolhouses, cemeteries, and public squares (9). In addition to its historic character, the County has experienced new growth and development, which has also affected the number, age, and type of buildings in the county. Table* below reflects this growth as indicated by an increase in houses built in the last few decades. The County s proximity to the city of Chicago, nearby northwest suburbs, and the Illinois-Wisconsin border have been three strong geographical forces contributing to growth in the area (9). This growth is further highlighted by the 75% population increase from 1990 to 2010 (9). The upswing in houses built has been somewhat slower since 2000 (as indicated in Table*): Rapid growth has, to some extent, been counteracted by efforts to maintain the area s rural character. The McHenry County Historic Preservation Commission has laid out a plan to [e]ncourage retention of older structural features such as houses, outbuildings, bridges and fences to provide visual relieve and architectural diversity (10). The plan characterizes suburban sprawl as a direct threat to the rural and historic appeal of the County and repeatedly emphasizes the

187 desire/intent to revitalize, maintain, or promote adaptive reuse whenever possible of historic sites/buildings (10). House Built Date Number of Houses Percent of Total Houses Built 2005 or later 6, % Built 2000 to , % Built 1990 to , % Built 1980 to , % Built 1970 to , % Built 1960 to , % Built 1950 to , % Built 1940 to , % Built 1939 or earlier 10, % Table* Homes constructed by year in McHenry County. Source: 17. Although it does contain some older housing stock and has showed a high growth rate in the recent past, McHenry County still may not be able to support the supply of material obtained from deconstructed buildings. Analysis of 20 Chicago suburbs did not include any municipalities in McHenry County as potential hot spots for deconstructed construction material demand (15). There are many ways in which the County can aim to change this should it choose to do so. Public sector best practices for promotion of building deconstruction include (15): o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Waste diversion requirements. Closure of landfills to construction waste. Recycling requirements at construction sites. Mandated salvage period for buildings being demolished. Collection of a deposit from permit applicants ensuring building debris management. Green building requirements for permit applicants. Consideration of building materials in waste management plans. Ordinances encouraging building for disassembly. Demolition deterrents (ex: demolition tax). Expedited permitting for deconstruction. Relaxed building codes and zoning laws, expedited local permitting, and reduced taxes and licensing to new deconstruction and resale businesses. Information provision and guidebooks for deconstruction projects. Demonstration projects showcasing deconstruction in action. Public funding/grants to develop reuse facilities. Many of these practices may not be direct enough in addressing one of the largest barriers to deconstruction: the lack of sales outlets (1). The overall market for recovered materials is simply not as large or as well developed as it is for new construction materials (2). One of the most effective ways to link the supply of materials from deconstruction to the demand of its users is to partner the deconstruction services with the outlets themselves (1). These outlets are often referred to as reuse stores and serve as the connection point between the two fundamental parts of the industry, deconstruction and reuse (5). And there is good economic reason to try to connect reclaimed materials with reuse stores: According to

188 Brian Alterman, program manager for Habitat for Humanity s Reuse Store and deconstruction in Kansas City, The demand from the customer base is there If we can get the material on the floor, it will sell (1). Furthermore, estimates from The Center for Economic Conversion suggest that there are ten resource recovery jobs for every one landfill job, so it makes even more economic sense to support deconstruction to the fullest extent possible (1). According to the Building Materials Reuse Association, firms that combine deconstruction with a reuse store employ on average 12% more full-time employees, and experienced higher revenue growth compared to reuse stores on their own (3). The market for salvaged building materials has a lot of potential within the building and landscaping industries: Small contractors can find the specialty materials they need for unique or highly specified projects, and large contractors can save on material costs without sacrificing quality (2). Also, with the rise of the green building movement and the subsequent desire within the building and construction industry to achieve LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification for their projects have motivated building industry professionals to seek out more reclaimed building materials (1). Buildings can earn points in LEED, which allots points based on environmental design towards different levels of certification, by using materials gathered in deconstruction (1). This provides a powerful incentive to consider recovered resources instead of raw materials. Reducing the amount of materials sent to landfills (in this case, would happen as a result of building demolition) is an important component in achieving LEED certification, and the managing body of LEED, the United States Green Building Council, has had a strong effect in promoting the use of deconstructed materials (2). The push from the green building movement is another reason (along with cost savings and access to quality building materials) for professionals in the building and construction industry to seriously consider partnership with deconstruction services. While lawn care and landscaping industries are typically not associated with green building, they still stand to benefit from low prices on quality materials such as bricks and stones (2). Appendix 1* contains a directory of various construction, carpentry, contracting, and landscaping enterprises in McHenry County that may be promising partnerships for deconstruction (6). Items and materials reclaimed during deconstruction also can be sold to used furniture, arts and crafts, or antique retailers or donated to local charities (4). Artists, furniture makers, and do-it-yourselfers benefit from low-cost supplies, as well as unique or specialty materials (1, 2). Appendix 2* lists some antique shops and art/craft studios and shops in McHenry County that may be beneficial retail partners with deconstruction. In addition to local charities, Habitat for Humanity ReStore resale outlets sells donated home goods, furniture, appliances and building materials in an attempt to divert good materials from landfills (8). The accept individual, as well as corporate donations, at its 825 Habitat ReStore locations throughout the United States and Canada: The following table provides a directory of Habitat ReStore locations nearest to McHenry County. A full listing of all ReStores in Illinois can be reached at Elgin, Illinois Northern Fox Valley ReStore, HFH of 800 N State St Elgin, Illinois Phone: (847) Website

189 United States Addison, Illinois DuPage HFH ReStore 869 S Rohlwing Rd (Rte 53) Addison, Illinois United States Gurnee, Illinois Lake County ReStore 3545 Grand Ave Gurnee, Illinois United States Aurora, Illinois Fox Valley HFH ReStore 4100 Fox Vly Ctr Dr Aurora, Illinois United States Chicago, Illinois Windy City HFH ReStore 2201 S Halsted St Lowr Level Chicago, Illinois United States Rockford, Illinois Rockford Area HFH ReStore 1020 W Riverside Blvd Rockford, Illinois United States Joliet, Illinois Will County HFH ReStore 200 S Larkin Ave Joliet, Illinois United States Chicago Heights, Illinois Chicago South Suburbs ReStore, HFH 180 W Joe Orr Rd Chicago Heights, Illinois United States Peoria, Illinois Peoria Area ReStore, HFH Greater 804 W Main St Phone: (630) Website Phone: (847) Website Phone: (630) Website Phone: (312) Phone: (815) Website Phone: (815) Website Phone: (708) Website Phone: (309) Website

190 Peoria, Illinois United States Bloomington, Illinois McLean County Restore 1402 W Washington St Bloomington, Illinois United States Phone: (309) Website Table*: Habitat for Humanity ReStore locations near McHenry County. Source: 8. Another viable option for retailing material from deconstruction exists in online networking. Individual items and parts can be auctioned on large sites like ebay, as well on more niche sites pertaining more specifically for resource recovery and recycling (4). Search terms such as used, recycled, salvaged, antique, or junk can also lead to some possible partnerships via telephone books, directories, or online search engines (4). Some websites related to resource recovery include (4): Further resources relating to deconstruction can be found in the figure below: While some of these resources are not immediately relevant to McHenry County, they may still offer valuable knowledge or links to other partnership possibilities.

191 Figure: Additional resources for deconstruction. Source: 1. This paper does not present an exhaustive list of all possible partnerships for the deconstruction industry, and as McHenry County homes and businesses continue to increase and expand, more and more opportunities may arise. The existing opportunities for deconstruction and retail partnerships, coupled with the existing housing/building stock and growing population/home trend, supports the practice of deconstruction as an effective and value-deriving waste diversion tactic for use in McHenry County.

192 Chicago Area Market Access As indicated in the initial assessment, Chicago displays higher indicators than McHenry County for several identified deconstruction drivers, which may indicate its advantage in sustaining a viable deconstructed materials market. Instead of focusing on developing the deconstruction market in McHenry County, it is also possible to use it as a centralized collection location and ship salvaged material to a more developed and better-understood market. The City of Chicago and nearby metropolitan area may provide more readily available retail opportunities than building up the market in McHenry County. There already were an estimated 100,000 residential contractors in the Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area in 2003 (15). Contractors in the city applied for an average of 12,820 permits for each year between , during which time the number of permit applications increased by 20% (15). Figure* displays construction data for the City of Chicago for the years The City of Chicago also already contains notable established for-profit salvagers: Architectural Artifacts, Salvage One, and Urban Remains (15). Figure*: Building permits by type and year for the City of Chicago Source: 15. The market in the greater Chicago area has been analyzed to a much greater extent than it has in McHenry County. Prior analysis has suggested that Chicago has three hot spots with strong potential demand for used building materials. The spots contain older, residential neighborhoods that have experience a round of new, mostly foreign-born in-migration living in small, brick bungalows (15). Figure* displays a map with low, medium, and high potential demand for salvaged building material in the City of Chicago.

193 Figure*: Chicago community areas with potential demand for salvaged building materials. Source: 15. Analysis of demand in the Chicago suburbs has been less extensive, though some nearby communities have been examined. Figure* displays low, medium, and high potential demand for salvaged materials in suburban municipalities outside of Chicago.

194 Figure*: Suburban areas with potential demand for salvaged building materials. Source: 15. According to Figure* and Figure* above, there are several high demand areas in the City of Chicago on the north side of the city as well as the north and north and northeastern surrounding suburbs. These areas are the locations nearest to McHenry County with high potential demand for salvaged building materials. With demand predicted to increase in Chicago (15), it may be feasible and worthwhile for McHenry County to explore this proximate market. One very prominent partner in tapping into Chicago deconstructed materials retailing would be the Rebuilding Exchange. Started in 2009, the Rebuilding Exchange has quickly become a national leader in promoting deconstruction and reuse of building materials and has created more than $2 million worth of materials for the public. This organization collects deconstructed material and houses it in its own retail warehouse. The Rebuilding Exchange would be an invaluable partner in accessing the Chicago market: Its very mission is to create market for reclaimed building materials (16). This is done in part by their contractor forums, educational seminars with local and public experts, as well as speaking engagements around the region (16). They also hold over a hundred public workshops annually (16). In addition to their

195 established market development efforts, the Rebuilding Exchange serves as a geographical in for McHenry County: In order to keep transportation costs low enough to make their sale commercially viable in Chicago, salvaged materials ideally should not take more than one hour to reach a reuse center (15). With a viable existing market and a strong potential partner in the Rebuilding Exchange, successful retailing of salvaged building materials may be more attainable in the Chicago area than within McHenry County. Accessing the Chicago market could also be a short-term possibility while the market in McHenry County is further explored and developed. This report has provided an initial assessment of the market for deconstructed materials in both McHenry County and the City of Chicago and given options for either developing the local market or tapping in to another existing one. The resources given in this report are intended to facilitate either choice.

196 Appendix 1: Directory- Potential partners in the construction industry. Source: 6. Organization Name A & C Carpentry Ashley's Carpet & Flooring Celske Carpentry Complete Carpentry Corporate Carpentry Crystal Brite Custom Contracting Ltd. of IL Custom Finish Carpentry David R. Reichenbach Dean Steffen Construction Duchemin Custom Carpentry Address Perkins Rd., Woodstock, IL Front St., Mc Henry, IL Anthony Ln., Spring Grove, IL Hyde Park Ave., Mc Henry, IL Beachway St., Cary, IL Crescent Ave., Mc Henry, IL Detroit St., Cary, IL Cunningham Ln., Crystal Lake, IL Elmleaf Dr., Mc Henry, IL Grange Rd., Marengo, IL South St., Mc Phone Number (815) (815) (847) (815) (847) (815) (847) (815) (815) (815) (815) Business Type Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry

197 Early American Woodshop Esto Builders, Inc. Ferrero Custom Carpentry George Hiller & Son, Inc. Gibco Construction J & D Carpentry, Inc. Jensen Carpentry Kadisak Tile & Carpet Co., Inc. Kellenberger Daryle Builders Ken Bredfeldt Carpentry Kenny's Foor Covering Henry, IL W. Rt. 173, Richmond, IL E. Kimball Ave., Woodstock, IL S. IL Route 31, Crystal Lake, IL Spring Grove Rd., Mc Henry, IL Municipal Lot Dr., Marengo, IL P.O. Box 778, Mc Henry, IL Longview Rd., Algonquin, IL W. Elm St., Mc Henry, IL S. Coral Rd., Marengo, IL Beacon Bay, Mc Henry, IL N. Richmond Rd., Suite A, Mc Henry, IL (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (847) (815) (815) (847) (815) Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry

198 60050 Kraftmasters Ltd. Lenny Szarek, Inc. Leone & Moore Construction, Inc. Lindwalt Construction Co., Ltd. Mc Mill Development, Inc. Quality Decks & Remodeling Royal Mill Trim Sol Klein General Carpentry TAT Construction Terry Zimmerman Construction Todd Custom Carpentry W D Construction P.O. Box 502, Spring Grove, IL Pioneer Rd., Mc Henry, IL E Crystal Lake Ave., Suite 3, Crystal Lake, IL Standish Rd., Marengo, IL Biscayne Rd, Mc Henry, IL Nippersink Dr., Spring Grove, IL Cary, IL Hebron Rd., Harvard, IL Glacier Rdg, Richmond, IL Dane St., Woodstock, IL County Line Rd., Harvard, IL Virginia Rd., Lake In (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (847) (847) (815) (815) (815) (815) (847) Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry Carpentry

199 Weber Builders, Inc. Woodcrafters Carpentry Affordable Flooring Ltd. American Carpet and Tile Century Tile & Carpet Supply Floor Store & More Floor Systems, Inc. Floring Werks Ginger Blossom Klemme's Floor Service The Hills, IL N. Clark Rd., Richmond, IL Marawood Dr., Woodstock, IL S. Eastwood Dr., Woodstock, IL E. Grant Highway, Marengo, IL Washington St., Woodsdtock, IL Virginia Rd., Lake In The Hills, IL W. Algonquin Rd., Algonquin, IL N. US Highway 12, Spring Grove, IL Il. Rt 173, Richmond, IL Oak St., Woodstock, IL (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (847) (847) (815) (815) (815) Carpentry Carpentry Carpet Dealer Carpet Dealer Carpet Dealer Carpet Dealer Carpet Dealer Carpet Dealer Carpet Dealer Carpet Dealer

200 Nuway Carpet Sales and Service R L Kohl Floor Covering Contractors A&J Construction, LLC. Berian Development Bourbon Street Ltd. Builders Unlimited, Inc. Burley Remodeling Cornerstone Masonry Builders & Tuckpointing Diamond Builders & More Corp. Doherty Construction, Inc. Imagin Builders, Inc. J-2 Concrete, Inc. 800 Doral Dr., Marengo, IL Washington St., Suite D, Woodstock, IL Totem Trail, Mc Henry, IL Alex Ln., Crystal Lake, IL Main St., Richmond, IL Mill St., Richmond, IL Arabian Spur, Mc Henry, IL Haddon Court, Lake In The Hills, IL W. Maple, Mundelein, IL N. Valley Hill Rd. Woodstock, IL W. Rt. 120, Suite 101, Mc Henry, IL P.O. Box 1194, Mc (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (847) (847) (815) (815) (815) Carpet Dealer Carpet Dealer General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor

201 Kirk Contracting, Inc. Krumpen Builders Mardon Construction Mark I Construction McHenry Electric & Supply Co. PTL Construction R.J. Dill Building and Development Robert L. Smith Construction Co. Ryco Contracting Co. Schutz Construction Spring Bluff Industries Henry, IL Valley Dr., Cary, IL Williams St., Richmond, IL Flagg Ln., Woodstock, IL Rail Dr., Woodstock, IL W. Main St., Mc Henry, IL State Route 120, Woodstock, IL Hillsboro Dr., Huntley, IL Washington St., Woodstock, IL Paddock Rd., Spring Grove, IL Antuna Blvd., Woodstock, IL Industrial Dr., Spring Grove, IL (847) (815) (815) (815) (630) (815) (847) (815) (815) (815) (815) General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor

202 Ted Diedrich Construction Threshold Construction Tim Cote, Inc. Wenzel Construction Wilkosz Contracting Woodridge Homes Our Heritage Interiors B&M Lawn Care Evergreen Landscape & Design Fred's Landscaping Henry James Landscaping 311 Marawood Dr., Woodstock, IL Shadow Lane, Woodstock, IL Manito Trail, Algonquin, IL S Eastwood Dr., Woodstock, IL Cary, IL W. Paddock, Crystal Lake, IL Deerhaven Dr., Crystal Lake, IL N. Queen Anne Rd., Woodstock, IL W. Algonquin Rd., Algonquin, IL W. Algonquin Rd., Algonquin, IL Algonquin, IL (815) (815) (847) (815) (847) (815) (815) (815) (847) (847) (847) General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor General Contractor Interiors Contractor Lawn Care Lawn Care Lawn Care Lawn Care

203 Kaleidoscape Lawn Pros Enterprise, Inc. MCG Landscaping Paradise Lawns Rayscape, Inc. Stonegate Landscape & Nursery Alexander Lumber Co. Alexander Lumber Co. Hebron Lumber Co. Mc Henry Lumber & True Value Wolohan Lumber Co. Woodstock Lumber Co. 215 Indian Trail, Lake In The Hills, IL P.O. Box 46, Spring Grove, IL Thunder Ridge, Lake In The Hills, IL Dawson Ln., Algonquin, IL Virginia Rd., Lake In The Hills, IL W. Algonquin Rd., Algonquin, IL Virginia Rd., Crystal Lake, IL Front St., McHenry, IL Main St., Hebron, IL Prairie Ave., Mc Henry, IL S. Eastwood Dr., Woodstock, IL Lake Ave., Woodstock, (847) (877) (847) (847) (847) (847) (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) Lawn Care Lawn Care Lawn Care Lawn Care Lawn Care Lawn Care Lumber Retail Lumber Retail Lumber Retail Lumber Retail Lumber Retail Lumber Retail

204 IL Cornerstone Masonry Builders & Tuckpointing Inc. A Illinois Roofing Service Albers Exteriors, Inc. Algonquin Weatherproofing Bud Ihrke Co. D C Taylor Co. Excalibur Roofing & Sheet Mega Builders Supply Pride Construction Huntley, IL 1319 Adams St., Lake In The Hills, IL Greenridge Ave., Algonquin, IL Victor Pl., Algonquin, IL., S. Hubbard St., Algonquin, IL Algonquin, IL Wilmette Ave., Algonquin, IL S Harrison St., Algonquin, IL W. Algonquin Rd., Algonquin, IL (847) (847) (847) (847) (847) (847) (847) (847) (847) Masonry & Tuckpointing Roofing Contractor Roofing Contractor Roofing Contractor Roofing Contractor Roofing Contractor Roofing Contractor Roofing Contractor Roofing Contractor Appendix 2: Directory- Potential partners in the antique and arts industries. Sources: 12, 13. Organization Name 1905 Emporium Address N. Main St., Richmond, IL Phone Number (815) Business Type Antiques

205 Abundance Antiques & Design Antiques on Broadway Auntie Libby's Cottage Carriage House Antiques Colonial Antique Mall Country Church Antiques Embellish Fox & Finch Goody 2 Shoes Grampy's Antique Store J.W. Antiques Main St., Hebron, IL Broadway St., Richmond, IL N. Main St., Richmond, IL E. Crystal Lake Ave., Crystal Lake, IL Lake Ave., Woodstock, IL Ridgefield Road, Ridgefield, IL W. Broadway St., Richmond, IL Broadway St., Richmond, IL Ridgefield Road, Suite A, Ridgefield, IL Main St., Hebron, IL Main St., Hebron, (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) Antiques Antiques Antiques Antiques Antiques Antiques Antiques Antiques Antiques Antiques Antiques

206 Java & Junque Lloyd & Leota's Antiques Mulligan's Treasures Prairie Avenue Antiques Richmond European Antiques and Restoration Serendipity Shop Solid Brass Fine Antiques The Store Water Tower Antiques Art Scape Bill Stone Studio IL Ridgefield Road, Ridgefield, IL Main St., Hebron, IL Broadway St., Richmond, IL Main St., Hebron, IL Broadway St., Richmond, IL N. Main St, Hebron, IL Broadway St., Richmond IL N. Main St., Hebron, IL Main St., Hebron, IL Division St., Algonquin, IL N. Main St., Algonquin, IL (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (847) (847) Cozy Me Up Crystal (773) 259- Art Antiques Antiques Antiques Antiques Antiques Antiques Antiques Antiques Antiques Art Art

207 Creative Occasions Embellish, Inc. Honeybrook Studios Migala Metal Designs LLC Northwest Area Art Council O'Reilly's Stained Glass Co. Old Courthouse Arts Center Splashed With Creativity The Thoughtfulness Shop Lake, IL S. Main St., Algonquin, IL Lake Dr., Algonquin, IL S. Jefferson St., Woodstock, IL W. Blackman St., Harvard, IL W. Municipal Complex, Crystal Lake, IL N. Williams St., Crystal Lake, IL N. Johnson St., Woodstock, IL Crystal Lake, IL Cass St., Woodstock, IL (847) (847) (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) (815) Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art

208 Sources: 1. Greer, Diane. "Building The Deconstruction Industry." BioCycle (2004): Nov Web. 16 Nov Shami, Manar. "Managing Deconstruction Projects for Sustainability." AACE International Transactions (2007): Web. 16 Nov "Deconstruction, Salvage and Reuse Trends." In Business 29.4 (2007): 6. July-Aug Web. 16 Nov Alterman, Tabitha. "Save Money with Used Building Materials." Mother Earth News 221 (2005): 20. Aug.-Sept Web. 16 Nov "Reuse Stores." Bmra.org. Building Materials Reuse Association, Web. 16 Nov < 6. "McHenry County Illinois Business Directory." Mchenryonline.com. McHenry Online, n.d. Web. 16 Nov < 7. The Official McHenry County Green Guide '12 Recycling Directory (20 Apr. 2012): Lou Marchi Total Recycling Institute at McHenry County College, 20 Apr Web. 16 Nov < 8. "Habitat ReStore Directory - Illinois." Habitat.org. Habitat for Humanity, Web. 16 Nov < 9. McHenry County Illinois, 2030 Comprehensive Plan. Rep. McHenry County Board, 20 Apr Web. 16 Nov < 0%20Plan/McHenry%20County%202030%20Comprehensive%20Plan.pdf>. 10. The McHenry County Historic Preservation Plan. Rep. McHenry County Department of Planning & Development, Web. 16 Nov < ry%20county%20preservation%20plan.pdf>. 11. "McHenry County, Illinois (IL)." City-data.com. Onboard Informatics, Web. 16 Nov < 12. Burke, Erica. "Guide to Antiquing." Mchenrycountyliving.com. McHenry County Living, 1 June Web. 16 Nov < guide-to-antiquing.html>. 13. Yellowbook.com. Yellowbook USA, Inc., Web. 16 Nov <

209 14. Slattery, Chris. GO-Guide: Deconstruction and Reuse. Ed. Elise Zelechowski. 1st ed. N.p.: Delta Institute, March Print. 15. Weber, Rachel, Susan Kaplan, and Hannah Sokol. Market Analysis of Construction and Demolition Material Reuse in the Chicago Region. Rep. Delta Institute, 9 Jan Web. 21 Nov < DeltaUICMaterialReuseAnalysis.pdf>. 16. "Rebuilding Exchange - About." Rebuildingexchange.org. Rebuilding Exchange, n.d. Web. 21 Nov < 17. "Selected Housing Characteristics American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates." American FactFinder. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, n.d. Web. 26 Nov < YR_DP04>. 18. "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: Demographic Profile Data." American FactFinder. U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census, n.d. Web. 26 Nov < P_DPDP1>. 19. "State & County QuickFacts McHenry County, Illinois." Quickfacts.census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau, 18 Sept Web. 26 Nov < "Selected Economic Characteristics American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates." American FactFinder. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, n.d. Web. 26 Nov <. "Selected Housing Characteristics American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates." American FactFinder. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, n.d. Web. 26 Nov < YR_DP04>. >. 21. "State & County QuickFacts - Chicago (city), Illinois." Quickfacts.census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau, 18 Sept Web. 26 Nov < 22. "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: Demographic Profile Data." American FactFinder. U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census, n.d. Web. 26 Nov <

210 Information based on questionable data source (removed from paper, but kept here just in case): Data on new house construction building permits suggest that the rate of new construction has slowed in recent years: The following data refer to single-family new house construction building permits (11): 2000: 3269 buildings, average cost: $138, : 3627 buildings, average cost: $149, : 3943 buildings, average cost: $160, : 3644 buildings, average cost: $168, : 3347 buildings, average cost: $166, : 3136 buildings, average cost: $175, : 2357 buildings, average cost: $183, : 1536 buildings, average cost: $180, : 587 buildings, average cost: $197, : 287 buildings, average cost: $170,000 However, the following figure shows that many of the homes in McHenry County were built much more recently than most in the state (11). Even with this recent increase, the County still possesses a number of houses at every age that, if deconstructed, could help provide materials for the newer homes being built. Figure: Homes constructed by year in McHenry County. Source: 11

211 Example Innovative Waste Reduction and Diversion Programs

212 Case Study: Biochar Title: Thompson Timber TSY-Peak Biochar Pilot Project Locality: Philomath, Oregon, United States of America Description: When organic material is heated in a low or zero oxygen environment, the material is thermo-chemically transformed into a concentrated residue made of the carbon originally found in the biomass input. This residue is referred to as biochar when it is used in agriculture to increase soil fertility and moisture retention (6). Biochar is noted for its role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions by providing a means of carbon sequestration when it is stored in the ground: Roughly 80% of the carbon in biochar remains after 100 years in the ground (6). Some estimates say that as many as 3 billion tons of carbon could be stored in soil instead of released into the atmosphere (8). A variety of biomass inputs can be used as feedstocks to form biochar. Some of the frequently used organic waste materials include sewage sludge, animal manure, chicken feathers, straw, hulls, palm fronds, sawdust, and yard waste (8). The best feedstocks are usually dry prior to the conversion process, such as wood waste or other dead plant materials, but sludge and animal waste can also be used, provided they are dried first (8). Research has also been conducted on corn stover (non-grain plant waste from corn production) and switchgrass as feedstocks (5). The variety and flexibility of available feedstocks means that agricultural waste, which would in many cases go unused, can Figure 1: Biochar from the TSY-Peak project. Source: 6. be diverted from landfills and put to use (6). After it is gathered, feedstock is converted into biochar through a heating process called pyrolysis. This transformation also results in the production of gases and oils that can be combusted to generate energy (6). With wood chips to spare and an interest in maintaining quality soils, Thompson Timber Company took on a project to run a pilot-scale slow pyrolysis biochar system (6). This project became known as the TSY-Peak Biochar Pilot Project and involved all of the capital and hardware procurement necessary to begin an on-site biochar generation process. As a case study, this project serves to speak to the hardware, feedstock, inputs and outputs, economics, and greenhouse gas emissions involved in biochar generation ventures (6). What are they doing? This pilot project involved the creation and operation of a fully functional biochar generation system. The following figure* details the flow of materials and energy through a biochar generation system: The top half figure shows the flow of materials within the system

213 boundaries of a pyrolysis system for generating biochar, and the second half shows the energy flows with corn stover as an example feedstock (5). Figure 2: Material and energy flows through a biochar generation system. Dashed arrows indicate avoided processes. The letter "T" indicates transportation. Source: 5. The TSY-Peak project adapted this model to create a system suitable to their needs. As feedstock, the system uses wood chips from Northwest forest tree species, and successfully produces biochar, as well as combustible gas. It was specifically designed to minimize bio-oil output. This system is shown in the following figure* (6):

214 Figure 3: TSY-Peak system components. White arrows indicate the flow of materials. Black arrows indicate the flow of energy. Dashed lines indicate current uses of wood waste. Source: 6. When did they start doing it? The project began in January, 2010 with the initial test phase starting in June, 2010 (6). What are the results? The system is on track to produce 8.25 metric tons of biochar per year (6). The system runs, on average, twice a day and produces approximately 52 pounds of biochar for 320 pounds of wood material input (6). TSY-Peak operators currently plan to sell the biochar to universities for research, to apply it to Thompson Timber forestlands, and to sell it to other buyers for horticultural purposes (6). As discussed above, the biochar produced by this system can be used to increase soil fertility as an agricultural additive, as well as a tool in mitigating climate change due to its ability to sequester carbon. The operators are not currently using the waste heat produced by the system, but are exploring options for using it to dry feedstock and/or for small-scale energy generation (6). What (and how much) is diverted? The TSY-Peak system converts an average of 320 pounds of biomass feedstock into biochar each time it runs. Of this feedstock, about 120 pounds are clean wood chips produced by the Thompson Timber Company throughout its operations. The remaining 200 pounds consists of hog fuel ( wood waste bark from log sorting and grading as well as other non-merchantable material 6) also accumulated during timber operations. The Thompson Timber Company produces roughly 2 million metric tons of wood chips (which usually come from chopped-up unmerchantable logs), and 5,000 metric tons of hog fuel annually (6). While some of this waste is usable in the paper or landscaping industries, 6,000 metric tons of waste fails to meet size/quality standards and is thus suitable for biochar conversion (6). Currently, the TSY-Peak system, being a pilot project, only uses a very small portion of this waste (6). However, research in biochar startup is shifting towards finding a way to scale up the technology, either by designing large-scale facilities capable of converting greater amounts of biomass, or by creating small-scale mobile or single-farm conversion units (8).

215 What are the costs associated? The economic capital costs of the TSY-Peak system are relatively low due to the ability to use modified equipment from Thompson Timber s lumber yard. The initial capital costs are estimated at $59,000 with the following breakdown (6): Fluidyne Pacific Class down-draft gasifier: $15,000 Pyrolytic retort: $13,000 Motors: $0 (repurposed lumber yard motors) Labor: $31,000 Operation and maintenance costs are estimated at $33,324 per year (6): Maintenance: $3,000 Labor: $30,000 Opportunity cost of feedstock: $324 Despite the low capital costs in this case, biochar systems usually face much higher initial capital requirements and are limited by the resources needed to sustain operation. This is a major challenge to the scaling up of biochar systems, especially when there are lower-cost waste management options (8). Capital costs are even greater when one tries to scale up the system: it costs $1.5 million to build a system that can produce one ton of biochar per hour (7). Ecological costs are limited mostly to the material used in the hardware of the system and the electricity used in the pyrolysis process. The current system requires 0.17 metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent per metric ton of biochar, which is more than offset by the carbon sequestered by that same amount (6). How is this funded? The Thompson Timber Company was approached by farmer/inventor John Miedema who was interested in developing the potential for biochar. Initially, the Thompson Timber Company, a family-owned forestry business, hired Miedema as a Director of Biomass Energy and agreed to fund his project (7). Miedema also allowed the Climate Trust who to use the TSY-Peak system as a case study for a California Energy Commission analysis, in order to help prove the market for biochar and hopefully attract investors (7). Economic Benefits The biochar product itself provides multiple opportunities for capturing economic value. The biochar created by TSY-Peak averages between $1,600 and $4,000 per year in sales (6). Although current revenue is low, as a pilot system, its purpose has less to do with returning on investment and more to do with demonstration. When added to soil, it can increase crop yields (8). Furthermore, biochar is marketable to larger companies such as Sunmark, who uses it in erosion control products (8). Other explorations in potential biochar markets have demonstrated it to be useful as a substitute for certain chemicals in potting media, as a substitute for green roofs, in storm water clean-up, and in phosphorus recovery in sewage lagoons (7). Biochar also provides ecosystem services which may be costly to perform otherwise, such as restoration of degraded lands, reduction of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from soil, reduction of soil erosion, improving water and fertilizer use efficiency and soil microbial activity, [and] reducing fertilizer, pesticide, heavy metals and other contaminant runoff into waterways (8). Also, as indicated in the first diagram above*, biochar production systems actually cut out a few agricultural waste management processes, which may have been expensive to implement (5). Biochar production also did not incur many additional costs in the TSY-Peak project: There was no additional transportation cost because harvesting and transporting feedstock would have to take place anyway and thus is

216 not mandated by the biochar production. Transporting the biochar to the forest site also did not generate additional costs because logging trucks that used to return to the forests empty began transporting the biochar and to the forest for application (6). Biochar systems are also able to keep energy costs lower by combusting onsite the syngas and tarry oils produced during pyrolysis and using the energy to help power the process (5). There also exists the opportunity to capture value from biochar production via the sale of carbon offsets in a carbon cap-and-trade system, which can help lower the tough initial costs of such a project (8). In the TSY-Peak case, each metric ton of biochar reduced carbon emissions by approximately 2.18 metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent (6). However, sale of emission reduction credits for the TSY-Peak project alone would not attract investors: Financing of the project will likely depend on commitment from a long-term buyer willing to pay for biochar, which may be a challenge to obtain in an uncertain, emerging market (6). However, the economic and ecological benefits have been strong motivators in maintaining support for the project as those involve continue to demonstrate its market (7). Who leads this program? John Miedema is a commercial fisherman, organic farmer, and inventor who became interested in biochar as a way of making dairy operations more sustainable. He contacted Thompson Timber Company, who hired him as their Director of Biomass Energy and supported his efforts to generate his own biomass. Miedema worked in conjunction with researchers at the US Department of Agriculture and Oregon State University, and allowed Peter Weisburg of the Climate Trust to use the project as a case study for the California Energy Commission in order to evaluate if/how biochar production qualified as carbon offsetting (7). Why was this practice selected for McHenry County? According to the 2007 Census of Agriculture, McHenry County is home to 1,035 farms, covering approximately 55% of its land (215,584 of its 391,040 total acres) (2,1). The top three most common types of farm by commodity were corn for grain (298 farms), beef cows (102 farms), and wheat for grain (92 farms) (2). Corn was also the largest single commodity by sales in 2007, with a value of sales of $66,250,000 (3). McHenry County also contains farms producing milk cows, hogs/pigs, sheep/lambs, broilers/chickens, corn for silage, and oats for grain (2). One common agricultural waste product associated with corn production is corn stover, which includes all parts of the corn plant above the ground except the grain itself (4). Biochar production provides a way of diverting this waste, along with wastes from other agricultural commodity production such as animal manure, from landfills and using it to create a product that benefits agriculture and opens the door for waste-to-energy opportunities. Furthermore, the 2010 update of the McHenry County Land Use Plan contains the following agricultural goals: Preserve suitable land areas for agricultural and associated uses. Encourage soil conservation practices which will reduce soil erosion, improve water quality, and increase farmland productivity. Ensure agriculture is not threatened by or restricted by adjacent land uses in significant agricultural areas and recognize the value of Agricultural Protection Districts in preserving prime farmland (1). Biochar production is consistent with these goals and is therefore ideologically, as well as practically, an appropriate innovative practice for McHenry County.

217 Case Study: Manure Sale Title: City of Waco Sells Dairy Manure to Citizens (14). Locality: Waco, Texas Background/Motivation: McHenry County is home to a considerable amount of manure producing animals; specifically cattle and horses. In 2007, there were 199 farms containing 17,545 total cattle and calves in McHenry County (9). Table* shows a breakdown of number of farms by inventory of cattle in 2007: Number of Farms Cattle/Calves or more 8 Figure 5: Number of farms by inventory of cattle and calves in McHenry County. Source: 9. Also in 2007, there were 389 farms containing 3,821 total horses and ponies (10). Although there was no breakdown of farms by inventory of horses for McHenry County, the average number of horses per farm was less than 10 animals. According to these data for both cattle and horses, most farms in the county are relatively small, with fewer than 100 manure-producing animals per farm. There is currently a growing increase in the use of manure as a source of energy (13). Manure can be combusted to generate energy directly, or methane from the manure can be captured burned to generate electricity. Energy generation from manure usually comes from anaerobic digestion systems that efficiently degrade organic material, with the added benefits of fewer odors than normal manure storage, pathogen reduction, and reduced cost for animal bedding (12, 13). Up until recently, most development of anaerobic digestion systems focused on large diaries with 500 or more cows, and looked to generate electricity to sell off-farm. Given that the typical investment in an anaerobic digestion system ranges from $400,000 to $2 million, it has historically been only economically feasible/profitable on operations with more than 300 animals. While some simpler systems have been investigated, they are still built for around animals. Manure-to-energy practices does promise the societal benefits of reducing dependence on fossil fuels and creating a renewable source of energy, as well as benefits to farmers who can generate their own power, sell electricity back to the grid, or sell manure to other entities using it to fuel generation (13). However, not many farmers save enough on electricity to counteract the large investment in an anaerobic digestion system (13). A more widespread and current use of manure is in direct application to the land as fertilizer. Approximately 5% of all US cropland is currently fertilized with manure, and half of that cropland is corn (13). Figure 1 demonstrates which types of crops received nutrients from manure in 2006 (13).

218 Figure 6: Manure application rates by crop. Source: 13. Using manure as fertilizer can offset the amount of nutrients needed in commercial fertilizers (16). Manure is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other micro-nutrients required by plants. It also enhances soil tilth, which leads to better water and nutrient retention. Given that corn for grain is the most common type of farm, covers the most acreage, and yields the most bushels of material in McHenry County, it follows that waste management systems that benefit corn are worth examining. Manure as fertilizer could benefit corn production, in addition to local homeowner lawns and gardens in the area. Furthermore, the relatively small size of cattle and horse farms in McHenry County render manure-toenergy operations unfeasible in the near future. It can also be noted that systems and programs benefiting or promoting the use of manure as fertilizer do not necessarily interfere with the possibility of using it as an energy source if it becomes economically feasible in the future: Anaerobic digestion systems preserve most nutrients in the effluent left over after the process is complete (12, 16). This effluent can than be applied to crops as fertilizer in much the same way as manure (12). Recognizing the potential benefit that using manure for fertilizer has for McHenry County, this report profiles an innovative practice that could foster the growth of this practice. Description/What did they do? A decade ago, the city of Waco, Texas purchased composted manure from nearby dairy farms from a commercial compost facility. The city then re-sold this manure compost to local homeowners for use on their gardens, lawns, landscaping projects, etc. on two select weekends. The city was able to purchase the compost by the cubic yard at a reduced price thanks to a rebate program funded by an EPA grant. Homeowners could then use the compost in combination with inorganic fertilizers to balance nutrients, optimize plant growth, prepare areas for new plants or remove problem areas in lawns, flower beds, or gardens (14). The compost sale became an annual project undertaken by the City of Waco. When did they start doing it? The first sale was in February The sale occurred every year in the early spring for at least the next four years (14).

219 What are the results? Economically, the sale was not intended to actually profit: The city broke even. It had chosen to sell the compost at cost to homeowners because it wanted to provide greater access to a valuable local resource that provides an alternative to inorganic fertilizers (14). Homeowners also benefitted from access to a low-cost organic fertilizer for their home plant caretaking needs. From an ecological standpoint, the sale helped protect local water quality by moving manure away from sensitive watersheds in the area, and also promoted the use of organic materials instead of inorganic fertilizers (14). In addition to the social benefit of greater access to a desirable resource, the sale also involved education and community engagement in that it demonstrated how to actively involve citizens in using a natural resource on their own land (14). In the one year when all of the purchased compost was not bought by homeowners, the remaining material was donated to the local public works department, providing an additional social and economic benefit (14). What is diverted/how much is diverted? In this case, the diverted material was dairy manure compost from a commercial compost facility located near two nearby watersheds (14). The citizens of Waco purchased approximately 1,200 cubic yards, by the bag or truckload, ranging from 1 cubic foot to 9 cubic yards per order. In the first five years of operation, the city sold all of the compost it had purchased every year except for one (14). The compost itself is derived from the fresh manure collected at regional dairy farms. Composting manure instead of using fresh manure is a relatively common way of preparing manure for land application. It contributes more to the organic matter content of the material (15). Also, fresh manure, if over-applied can contribute to salt build-up or leaching losses. There is also a higher likelihood that viable weed seeds can be found in fresh manure, increasing weed plant problems where applied (15). Perhaps even more problematic are the pathogens transferable to humans that are found in fresh manure (15). The composting process generates heat that kills most weed seeds and pathogens, however some of the nitrogen content of the manure is lost as gas (15). What are the costs associated? Costs associated with the sale included the bulk purchasing of composted dairy manure from the commercial composting facility. The City of Waco was able to purchase the material at $5 off the normal price due to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Dairy Compost Rebate Program funded by an EPA grant (14). The City kept labor expenditures low by recruiting as many volunteers as possible (college students, compost enthusiasts, etc.) to help in collecting money from citizens who purchase material, directing traffic, and helping load the material, which are presumably activities that would incur labor costs if not performed by volunteers (14). Even though the sale did not make any money for the City, it also did not lose any money either: since the material was sold at cost and all of it was sold (in most years), the program was able to self-fund. There are additional costs involved in the process of composting the manure. There are capital costs associated with the equipment, services, and materials needed to begin a composting operation (16). Labor costs, site improvement/maintenance costs, and the cost of moving the manure are all relevant as well (16). These significant cost factors depend on a lot of variables such as the amount of manure being composted, availability of equipment and land, and price of labor. How is this funded? The City of Waco was the purchaser of the compost for the sale. Again, this cost was eventually covered, resulting in the City breaking even, by the citizens who purchased the compost. The City also received assistance from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Dairy Compost Rebate Program funded by an EPA grant (14). Costs associated with the composting process were covered by the private, commercial composting facility that sold material to the City of Waco.

220 Is there an economic benefit? While the City of Waco broke even on the sale of dairy manure compost, it may have captured economic benefit in the form of extra compost donated to their public works department (14). Also, local homeowners received the economic benefit of purchasing organic compost at cost. In general, diversion of manure from disposal can be cost-beneficial: Costs avoided that would have been necessary if the manure had to be disposed of, such as hauling/trucking to waste disposal facilities, can be significant (8). There is also the notable opportunity cost incurred if the manure is not eventually sold to a paying customer. Cost scenario simulations for the composting of manure suggest that on-site composting is more expensive per cubic yard composed in operations with fewer animals (16). However, these scenarios do not take into account the possibility of access to a centralized composting operation. Some scenarios also reveal net annual savings on moderately sized farms: See the following sample scenario in figure 2* (16). Figure 7: Sample scenario for composting manure. Source: 16. Who leads this program? This program was operated by the Solid Waste Services department of the City of Waco, Texas. Christian Heger, who works in the Solid Waste Services department, provided information used in this report (14).

221 References: 1. McHenry County Land Use Plan Year 2010 Update. Rep. McHenry County Board, 20 Oct Web. 13 Nov < 2. US Census of Agriculture 2007 Chapter 2: County Level Data, Illinois. Table 1. County Summary Highlights: Publication. United States Department of Agricultural, National Agriculture Statistics Service, Web. 13 Nov < _2_001_001.pdf>. 3. US Census of Agriculture 2007 Chapter 2: County Level Data, Illinois. Table 2. Market Value of Agricultural Products Sold Including Direct Sales: 2007 and Publication. United States Department of Agricultural, National Agriculture Statistics Service, Web. 13 Nov < _2_001_001.pdf>. 4. Kim, Seungdo, Bruce E. Dale, and Robin Jenkins. "Life Cycle Assessment of Corn Grain and Corn Stover in the United States." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 14.2 (2009): Web. 13 Nov Roberts, Kelli G., Brent A. Gloy, Stephen Joseph, Norman R. Scott, and Johannes Lehmann. "Life Cycle Assessment of Biochar Systems: Estimating the Energetic, Economic, and Climate Change Potential." Environmental Science & Technology44.2 (2010): Dec Web. 13 Nov Weisberg, Peter, Matt Delaney, and Janet Hawkes. Carbon Market Investment Criteria for Biochar Projects. Rep. no California Energy Commission, The Climate Trust, Sept Web. 13 Nov < 7. Profile: Sustainable Biochar in the Pacific Northwest Region of the US. Rep. International Biochar Initiative, Web. 13 Nov < 8. Navia, Rodrigo, and David E. Crowley. "Closing the Loop on Organic Waste Management: Biochar for Agricultural Land Application and Climate Change Mitigation." Waste Management & Research 28 (2010): May Web. 13 Nov Census of Agriculture - County Data: Illinois Table 11. Cattle and Calves - Inventory and Sales: 2007 and Rep. United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Web. 14 Nov < _2_011_011.pdf> Census of Agriculture - County Data: Illinois Table 5. Horses and Ponies - Inventory and Number Sold: 2007 and Rep. United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Web. 14 Nov < _2_011_011.pdf>.

222 11. Small Anaerobic Digesters. Rep. The Minnesota Project, Dec Web. 14 Nov < 12. Anaerobic Digester Systems for Mid-Sized Dairy Farms. Rep. The Minnesota Project, Web. 14 Nov < 13. MacDonald, James, Marc Ribaudo, Michael Livingston, Jayson Beckman, and Wen-yuan Huang. Manure Use for Fertilizer and for Energy: Report to Congress. Rep. United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, June Web. 14 Nov < 037.aspx>. 14. Marketing Composted Manure to Public Entities, Appendix K: Case Studies. Rep. Dairy Compost Utilization Program, Texas Cooperative Extension, Web. 14 Nov < 15. Rosen, Carl J., and Peter M. Bierman. Using Manure and Compost as Nutrient Sources for Fruit and Vegetable Crops. Rep. Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Web. 14 Nov < 16. Economics of Manure Composting. Rep. Equine Facilities Assistance Program, Contra Costa Clean Water Program, Oct Web. 14 Nov < 17. Bass, Thomas. Using Manure as Fertilizer Tips for Purchasers or Recipients of Manure from Animal Feeding Operations. Rep. Animal and Range Sciences Department Montana State University Extension, n.d. Web. 14 Nov < s%20fertilizer.pdf>.

223 Mattress Recycling Title: Take it Back Network Mattress Recycling Program. Locality: King County, Washington, USA. Figure 1: Take it Back Network. Source: 1. What are they doing? After hosting a Mattress Recycling Summit, the King County Solid Waste Division expanded it s Take it Back Network to include mattresses. This network creates a partnership including government agencies, businesses, repair shops, and non-governmental organizations that currently works to establish locations for the dropoff of electronics and fluorescent light bulbs. The website for the program directs consumers to businesses in the network that have pledged to ensure the proper recycling of accepted items and to recycle materials domestically or in developed nations only. When did they start doing it? Take it Back Network was set to expand to include mattresses in December What are the results? The inclusion of mattresses in the Take it Back Network is still a recent development, but results look promising. Mattresses contain steel, foam, cotton, wood and other fabrics and fibers that can be reused in a variety of other industries. Figure 2: Mattresses diverted from What is diverted? Mattresses each take up 20 to 40 cubic feet of landfill. Source: 1. space in landfills. In 2011, 90,000 mattresses weighing more than 3,000 tons were disposed of in King County. Diversion of mattresses not only captures value from their materials, but also frees up usable landfill space. How much is diverted? Prior to the expansion of the network, Washington state s Correctional Industries was one of the few mattress recycling programs in the area: It recycled 700 tons of steel and 120 tons of foam from over 40,000 mattresses in 2011 alone. Again, this looks promising for the Take it Back Network. What are the costs associated? Joining and using the network is free, but organizations that commit to recycling mattresses need to consider the costs of abiding by the terms specified in the membership agreement. It is currently cheaper to dispose of mattresses rather than recycle them. How is this funded? Partner organizations are responsible for covering the recycling cost. Is there an economic benefit? Businesses gain access to an existing network of consumers and other organizations. They can use their membership to demonstrate environmental responsibility and attract new customers. Also, there is no restriction on charging customers a fee for the recycling services provided by the partner organization. Who leads this program? Alex Erzen, King County Solid Waste Division. Sources: 1, 2, 3.

224 Shoe Collection Title: Hope4Hoopers Athletic Shoe Collection. Locality: Portland, Oregon, USA. What are they doing? Two former collegiate basketball players have set up a series of highlevel basketball camps and clinics for children ages 8-18 and the price to participate is one pair of athletic shoes. Half of the shoes collected are donated locally to community programs supporting young athletes. The other half are shipped to the Philippines. More so than waste diversion, Hope4Hoopers aims to expand youth involvement in basketball and the life lessons that come with organized sport. When did they start doing it? May What are the results? In the first nine months, the organization collected around 2,000 pairs of shoes. Their camps and clinics have been supported by other former basketball players and coaches. They also recently partnered with the Boys and Girls Club and Big Brothers Big Sisters organization in the Portland area. Figure 3: Hope4Hoopers camp near Portland. Source: 1. What is diverted? Hope4Hoopers accepts gentlyused athletic shoes that are in good enough shape that they can still be used to play basketball. How much is diverted? From May 2011 to February 2012, about 2,000 pairs were diverted. What are the costs associated? Costs associated include the price of court space, equipment, coaching staff, administration, and shipping/transportation. How is this funded? The organization does not make profit and accepts direct donations. They also will accept a minimum donation of $10 instead of a pair of shoes as payment to attend a camp or clinic. Is there an economic benefit? Traditional shoe midsoles last up to 1,000 years in a landfill. This takes up landfill space that costs money for municipalities. Youth sports organizations gain access to a wider talent pool, and young athletes experience a lower cost to play when they receive free shoes. Who leads this program? Jared Mace, Founder and President, and Nathan Holthenrichs, Founder and Vice President. Sources: 4, 5, 6.

225 Denim Recycling Title: Cotton. From Blue to Green. Locality: Although one of the partners in this project is Arizona-based, the product is distributed nationally. What are they doing? Cotton fiber insulation manufacturer Bonded Logic teamed up with Cotton Incorporated (an organization of cotton growers, manufacturers, and retailers) in order to collect donations of used denim from a network of organizations across the country. Denim products are collected via corporate/organization-wide drives, a mail-in program, and partnerships with retailers and college campuses. Gathered denim is transformed into UltraTouch insulation containing 90% recycled denim. This insulation is then donated to Habitat for Humanity affiliates. When did they start doing it? The program began in What are the results? Since 2006, the program has gathered more than half a million pieces of denim and insulated 1, 322 houses. The UltraTouch insulation itself is more eco-friendly than fiberglass insulation. It also does not itch, so it is easier to handle. The insulation has great sound absorption and maximal thermal performance. The fibers are also treated to stop fire, fungus, mold, and bacteria. It does not contain any chemical irritants, airborne particles, or volatile organic compounds. What is diverted? UltraTouch insulation is made of recycled denim used in a variety of clothing- commonly, in blue jeans. All zippers, buttons, and embellishments must be removed prior to production. How much is diverted? Since the project began, 662,111 pieces of denim have been diverted from landfills. Buttons, zippers, snaps, and embellishments must be removed prior to treatment. What are the costs associated? Associated costs include the cost of machinery, labor, and transportation involved in preparing the insulation. For those wishing to donate, costs come in the form of transportation to drop-off locations, or postage fees for mailing in donations. For corporate or business donations/collection sites, there is also an administrative element. How is this funded? Production costs are covered by Bonded Logic, which sells the product for profit. Costs for donating denim are usually donated: This cost can be covered by retailers, etc. who choose to have a drop-off location on site where people are likely to visit with or without donations. Is there an economic benefit? Those who donate can benefit from business partnership agreements where, for example, customers donate their old jeans and receive a discount on new merchandise. This could benefit the businesses themselves who can use it to push purchase of new product lines. The program also periodically gives grants to

226 architects, constructors, project developers, etc. to apply for grants of insulation to use in communitybased green buildings. Who leads this program? The program is a partnership between Bonded Logic and Cotton Incorporated. Figure 4: Using recycled denim as insulation. Source: 10. Sources: 7, 8, 9.

227 Food Waste Recycling Title: San Francisco curbside residential food waste collection. Locality: San Francisco, California, USA. What are they doing? The City of San Francisco has provided every household, in addition to trash and recycling containers, a green 32-gallon cart for compostable organic materials, which includes yard trimmings and residential food waste. The City provides a weekly curbside pick-up service to collect this waste. When did they start doing it? The collection started in 2000; Organics collection became mandatory in San Francisco in What are the results? As of January 1, 2012, the collection serves 359,121 households with a 90% participation rate. What is diverted? In addition to yard waste, the collection service accepts food scraps, meant, poultry, seafood, bones, and food-soiled paper. It does not accept cat litter, diapers, oil, or grease. How much is diverted? Approximately 150,000 tons of organic material is collected annually. About tons of material goes to the East Bay Municipal Utility District for wasteto-energy generation. Whatever remains is composted. Figure 5: Collection containers for garbage, compostable waste, and recyclables. Source: 14. What are the costs associated? Initial capital costs include those needed for the actual green carts themselves, as well as small, ventilated kitchen pails that the City also provided. Weekly pick-ups may incur additional labor and transportation expenses. San Francisco households pay roughly $24.76 per month for all curbside pick-up services (garbage, recycling, and organic materials). Bags for compost cost households $5 for 25 bags. How is this funded? The City of San Francisco paid for the carts, kitchen pails, and transport of organic materials. The City charges residents for the pick-up service and residents are responsible for paying for their own collection bags at retail locations. Is there an economic benefit? The City has been diverting material for waste-to-energy generation, which it plans to increase in the near future. The compost can also be used or sold as crop fertilizer or soil additive. Who leads this program? The program is run by the City and County of San Francisco Department of the Environment as part of the City s zero waste diversion goal. It is run in partnership with the residential waste hauler Recology. Sources: 11, 12, 13.

228 Paint Collection Title: Marion County curbside paint collection and free paint distribution. Locality: Marion County, Oregon, USA. What are they doing? The County provides curbside Figure 6: Recycled paint. Source: 16. paint collection (up to 2 cans per week) for those areas where curbside recycling is available. While some types of paint can be used in waste-toenergy generation, latex paints are collected and brought to waste haulers main offices where they are collected by crew from Marion County Juvenile Department s Alternative Programs. The crew also collects paint from paint manufacturers or other businesses with large volumes of waste paint, and 3-5 gallon plastic buckets from food manufacturers. All the paint is brought to a transfer station where it is combined in a vat, strained, and poured into buckets. The paint is then free for residents to take and use. When did they start doing it? The program began in What are the results? The free paint was originally distributed as a means to cover graffiti. When it was being collected faster than it could be used in graffiti removal, the County offered it to the public for household use. The paint is used both indoors and outdoors, and is thus suitable for a variety of projects. It is also used in community service projects. What is diverted? They accept interior and exterior latex, acrylic, water-based, alkyd, oilbased, and enamel paints. Some other types of paints can be taken directly to transfer stations. Oil-based paints and stains are collected and processed through a waste-to-energy facility to generate electricity. How much is diverted? Marion County recovers and redistributes 30,000-35,000 gallons of paint annually. What are the costs associated? Associated costs come from the labor and transportation needed to collect the paint and buckets, as well as to mix, strain, and pour the paint to prepare it for sale. Figure 7: Paint is mixed and poured into buckets. Source: 16. How is this funded? Paint collection services are free of charge to residents; they are funded by Marion County. Is there an economic benefit? Residents benefit from access to free multi-purpose paint, as well as free paint recycling. Businesses that have their paint collected also benefit from not having to pay for its disposal. Food manufacturers that provide the buckets do not need to pay for separate recycling or transportation to recycling facilities either. Who leads this program? The program is run by Marion County Environmental Services. Sources: 15, 16.

229 Community Composting Title: Community Composting Locality: Rhode Island, USA. Description: An organization called ecori Public Works began a food-scrap collection program at Providence-area farmers markets to encourage community composting of residential food waste. They accepted vegetable and fruit scraps, coffee grounds and filters, eggshells, cardboard, and uncoated paper. What are they doing? Each market has connected with local farmers to bring the food scraps back to their farms for composting into rich soil. There is no charge for the service. When did they start doing it? October What are the results? The result was a partnership with local farms and community organizations like ecori. What is diverted and how much is diverted? More than 20,000 pounds of food waste material have been diverted from the state landfill. How is this funded? ecori Inc. is a registered 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization with the Figure 8: Collecting food scraps. Source: 17. IRS and a recognized nonprofit with the state of Rhode Island. They depend on the support of individuals, foundations and businesses that recognize the importance of environmental/social justice news delivered from an independent perspective. The Providence and Barrington program is sponsored due to the support of New Harvest Coffee Roasters. The Newport and Middletown program is due to the support of Newport Restaurant Group. Is there an economic benefit? Economic benefits come in the form of community partnerships and community building, as well as education/advocacy. Who leads this program? Dave Fisher of ecori dave@ecori.org Or ecori Public Works manager Kevin Proft: kevin@ecori.org Sources: 17, 18, 19, 20.

230 Paint Redistribution Title: Community RePaint Locality: United Kingdom What are they doing? The community RePaint program collects reusable, leftover paint and redistributes it to individuals, families, communities and charities in need, improving the wellbeing of people and the appearance of places across the UK. No chemical or hazardous paints are collected. When did they start doing it? Community RePaint began in 1993 and is supported and sponsored by ICI Dulux. What are the results? What is diverted? How much is diverted? Paint is diverted from the waste stream. In 2011 the Community RePaint national network: - saved 343,597 litres of paint, donated by householders and businesses, going to waste - with a market value of over 1.5 million - redistributed over 217,000 litres of paint to community groups, charities, voluntary organisations and people in social need. Conversions: 343,597 litres = US gallons 217,000 litres = US gallons 1.5 million = $ 1,958, approximately (10/22/12 exchange rate) How is this funded? Resource Futures is an organization that campaigns on behalf of the network, responds to proposed legislation, submits funding bids for the network and develops links with the voluntary and community sector, local authorities, and the trade and retail industry, to reduce the cost of waste paint disposal and maximize the social and environmental benefits from paint reuse. Is there an economic benefit? The paint is redistributed to individuals, families and communities in social need, providing environmental, social and economic benefits for stakeholders. Figure 9: Paint collected for redistribution. Source: 23. Who leads this program? Resource Futures is the environmental consultancy that manages the Community RePaint network. Resource Futures is based in Bristol with staff in Leeds, Oxfordshire, and Devon and has over 25 years track record in sustainability and resource management. Resource Futures The CREATE Centre, Smeaton Road, Bristol, BS1 6XN Sources: 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.

231 Furniture Re-Use Title: Furniture Re-use Network (FRN) Locality: United Kingdom Description: The Furniture Re-use Network (FRN) is the national coordinating body for 400 furniture and appliance re-use and recycling organizations in the UK that collect a wide range of household items to pass onto people in need. The FRN promotes the re-use of unwanted furniture and household effects for the alleviation of need, hardship, distress and poverty. They vary in size from small local charities to large social enterprises. Some are attached to housing associations, development trusts, and councils for voluntary service. The FRN works throughout the United Kingdom with the main concentrations in urban areas. Figure 10: Network member locations. Source: 27. What are they doing? The FRN works tirelessly to meet two main objectives: to provide safe, clean and affordable furniture and electrical goods to low-income households, and to support and develop local trainees, volunteers, and staff in their personal development. The types of furniture that they reuse typically include beds, sofas, tables, and chairs. Some of the projects also specialize in electrical goods such as washing machines and fridge freezers. FRN members operate the largest fridge collection service in the UK, collecting over 300,000 fridges a year. Up to 15% are re-useable and are passed onto low-income families. When did they start doing it? The FRN was established in What are the results? The FRN allowed for the reuse of 2.6 million items of furniture and electrical equipment. The projects also have the ecological benefit of stopping lots of good quality furniture ending up on landfill sites. What is diverted? Furniture and electrical equipment from ending up in landfill sites. How much is diverted? The FRN operations divert 90,000 tons of waste from landfills and save over 100,000 tons of carbon dioxide. What are the costs associated? The organization works from 3 million square feet of space and runs 1,000 vehicles. All this is achieved on an annual turnover of around 80 million. The FRN employs over 3,000 staff, provides training for over 8,000 trainees, and supports over 10,000 volunteers. How is this funded? The FRN is a registered charity and a registered company in the UK. Funding seems to come from grants, WRAP (a private company) and FRN membership (different levels and charges). WRAP works in England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland to help businesses, local authorities, communities and individuals

232 reap the benefits of reducing waste, developing sustainable products and using resources in an efficient way. Established as a not-for-profit company in 2000, WRAP is backed by government funding from DEFRA (Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), Scottish Government, the Welsh Government, the Northern Ireland Executive, and the European Union. WRAP is a private company limited by guarantee, registered in England. Is there an economic benefit? The FRN employs over 3,000 staff, provides training for over 8,000 trainees, and supports over 10,000 volunteers. Furthermore, it helps around 750,000 low-income households saving them 330million. The projects are professionally organized with paid and voluntary staff who provide training and work opportunities to people who are looking to receiving this support. The FRN has been working with furniture retailer IKEA over the past 3 years to develop and provide a solution for the re-use and recycling of IKEA customers pre-used mattresses, upholstery, and large domestic appliances collected by IKEA through their national Take Back service when delivering new products to customers homes. Who leads this program? The Furniture Re-use Network FRN Office West Street St Philips Bristol BS2 0BL t: f: Donations: Craig Anderson Chief Executive craiga@frn.org.uk Sources: 27, 28, 29, 30.

233 Shoe Recycling Title: Shoe Recycling Locality: 300 locations in the United States, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Description: Nike's Reuse-A-Shoe program collects old, worn-out athletic shoes for recycling, transforming them into Nike Grind, a material used in creating athletic and playground surfaces as well as select Nike products. What are they doing? They accept up to 10 pairs of shoes to any Reuse-A-Shoe collection location, which can be found at all U.S. Nike retail stores as well as some global Nike locations, all U.S. Converse stores, and places like universities, athletic clubs, special events, and community recycling centers. Nike Grind includes three types of raw materials made from recycled athletic shoes and manufacturing byproducts: rubber from the outsole, foam from the midsole, and fabric from the upper fabric. These materials are ground up and used by select companies in sport and playground surfaces, as well as in numerous Nike apparel, footwear, and equipment products. Figure 11: Reuse-A-Shoe recycling facility. Source: 31 When did they start doing it? Reuse-A-Shoe began in What are the results? More than 1.5 million pairs of post-consumer shoes are collected for recycling each year. This is in addition to thousands of tons of manufacturing scrap material that is recycled. Since the program began, Nike has collected more than 25 million pairs of used athletic shoes. What is diverted? The program accepts any brand of athletic shoes for recycling. Sandals, flipflops, dress shoes, boots and other types of shoes are not accepted. They also don t accept shoes containing metal such as cleats or spikes, because these represent a safety hazard when ground into Nike Grind. How much is diverted? 1.5 million pairs of post-consumer shoes are collected for recycling each year. The following list shows what part of the shoe and approximately how many pairs of athletic shoes, or the manufacturing equivalent thereof, generally go into making each type of athletic surface: Outdoor basketball court (midsole foam): 2,500 pairs Outdoor tennis court (midsole foam): 2,500 pairs