Midland County Mosquito Control 2017 Technical Program

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Merilyn Tate
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1 Midland County Mosquito Control 2017 Technical Program 2180 N Meridian Road Sanford, MI (989) FAX (989) mosquito@co.midland.mi.us

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents SUMMARY OF 2017 PROGRAM CHANGES... 1 STAFFING... 2 FIELD OPERATIONS... 3 Spring Larviciding (April 10 May 15)... 3 Ground Larviciding... 3 Aerial Larviciding... 3 Summer Operations (May 15 September 15)... 4 ULV Adulticiding... 5 LABORATORY OPERATIONS... 6 Encephalitis Virus Surveillance... 6 Disease Surveillance... 6 Evaluation of Pesticide Applications... 6 Quality Control... 6 Surveillance... 7 Adult Surveillance... 7 Larval Surveillance... 7 Research... 7 Technology... 7 SOURCE REDUCTION... 7 COMMUNITY OUTREACH... 7 i P age

3 SUMMARY OF 2017 PROGRAM CHANGES Evaluate an automatic on/off system for granular and liquid aerial applications in the spring larviciding program. Calibrate, operate and evaluate motorized back pack units for granular application to larviciding habitats with dense vegetation. Expand bicycle catch basin treatment program by adding a second bike. Submit an appeal of the derogation rejection from the Forest Stewardship Council to apply adulticide on State Forest in Midland County. Incorporate ArcGIS Collector App, which allows for precise mapping of various biological and operational data such as larvicide habitat and woodland test pools during the spring larvicide program. Evaluate two products for pretreatment of ditches. 1 P age

4 STAFFING Midland County Mosquito Control (MCMC) employs a full-time staff of four individuals: Director, Operations Supervisor, Biologist and Office Manager. The two Foremen returned to work on February 21 st to assist in preparations for the control season. Approximately twenty seasonal employees will be added to the staff for the mosquito control season (April to September). Employment with MCMC is contingent upon obtaining state pesticide applicator 7F certification or registration through the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MDARD). All technicians will participate in a formal two-day training session, April 3-4. Technicians will be instructed using the national core training manual and MDARD personnel will administer the registered applicator s exam at the MCMC office on April 5. During the spring season all technicians will work day shift and conduct larviciding operations. Separate day and night crews will be formed on or around May 15. After that time, day-crew technicians conduct surveillance and larviciding while the night technicians participate in larval control operations for the first part of their shift, and then switch to adulticiding. Field Staff Hours in the Field Activity Day Crew 8:30 a.m. 4:00 p.m. Larviciding Night Crew 5:30 8:00 p.m. and Larviciding 8:30 11:30 p.m. Adulticiding Part-Time and Sunday 8:30 11:30 p.m. Adulticiding FIELD OPERATIONS SCHEDULE April May June July August September Operation 1 st 15 th 1 st 15 th 1 st 15 th 1 st 15 th 1 st 15 th 1 st 15 th Spring Season Woodlot (Bti) Woodlots (MLO) Summer Season Woodlots (MLO) Roadside Ditches (Bti) Summer Sites (Bti, MLO) Catch-basins (BS, Altosid PG) County Drains (Bti) Adulticiding (Permenthrin) 2 P age

Spring Larviciding (April 10 May 15) FIELD OPERATIONS Ground Larviciding The 2017 program will begin in April when supervisory personnel and seasonal technicians start treatment of woodland sites.

5 Spring Larviciding (April 10 May 15) FIELD OPERATIONS Ground Larviciding The 2017 program will begin in April when supervisory personnel and seasonal technicians start treatment of woodland sites. Field personnel will treat approximately 3,000 acres of woodland pools. Aquabac XRT (liquid Bti) will be the primary larvicide used in woodlands during this period. Sunspray MLO (Mosquito Larvicide Oil) will be used after the spring Aedes species mosquitoes begin to pupate. Aerial Larviciding A total of 57,325 acres of woodlots are scheduled for aerial treatment this year consisting of 28,400 acres treated with liquid Bti and 28,925 acres with granule Bti. Treatment area will be approximately the same as Aquabac 200G granules and Vectobac AS12 liquid Bti will be used this year. Application service will be contracted to Hatfield Spraying Services of Nunica, Michigan. Treatments with liquid Bti will occur during periods of high to moderate humidity to help maintain the efficacy of the liquid formulation. The application rate of Bti granule material will be made at 4 lb/acre. The rate of 4 lb/acre was first implemented during the 2016 program and found to provide adequate control. The three granule aircraft and one liquid will be equipped for automatic on/off of material delivery. MCMC provided Hatfield Spraying with the edited maps of only the wet areas within the aerial blocks. A small scale test of this technology was conducted in the County last October and is promising. This capability will be a tremendous benefit to the pilot, who will not have to make decisions as to were to apply material as they fly over the treatment sites. If the system performs as expected, it will provide a huge step forward in the larval program s efficiency. 3 P age

6 Summer Operations (May 15 September 15) With the continuing presence of West Nile virus in the United States, including Michigan, special attention will be directed to catch basins and other Culex habitats such as tires and artificial containers. Treatments of catch basins will be scheduled according to larval development. Separate control materials will be rotated into the catch basin program. Altosid (methoprene), and Bs (Sperotax ) will be used to provide control by different modes of action in an attempt to minimize development of resistance among mosquito larvae. MCMC introduced a new method of catch basin treatment in 2016 using bicycles in the urban and residential areas of the county. The results were good and the program will be expanded to a second bike in Access and treatment of some summer floodwater sites can be difficult. Areas with dense vegetation such as cattails and the aquatic invasive grass phragmites, are particularly challenging. In order to reduce the number of passes needed in such environments, two Stihl SR 450 motorized backpack sprayers were recently purchased for distribution of granular Bti. These units will dispense granular material up to 40 feet thereby reducing time needed to treat in these locations. This season field technicians will be trained in proper operation and calibration of the units. Efforts to evaluate treatment efficacy will also be carried out. Scrap tires produce Culex species mosquitoes, Aedes japonicus and other species, and are of prime concern as a possible source of West Nile Virus bridge vectors. Abate granules, Bs and Mosquiron pellets will be applied to tires and efforts will continue to support the removal of scrap tires from the environment (see Source Reduction section). Roadside Ditch larviciding will be conducted as usual with continued emphasis on treating Aedes vexans after summer rains using Bti (Vectobac AS12) liquid from truck mounted hydraulic sprayers. Insecticide Aquabac 200G Vectobac AS12 Altosid XR Briquets Altosid PG Altosid WSP Sperotax SPH Sperotax WSP Abate 5% MetaLarv S-PT Natular G30 Mosquiron Sunspray MLO Evoluer 4-4 Kontrol 4-4 Zenivex E4 Active Ingredient Bacillus thuringiensis isralensis Bacillus thuringiensis isralensis Methoprene Methoprene Methoprene Bacillus sphaericus Bacillus sphaericus Temephos Methoprene Spinosad Novaluron Mineral oil Permethrin Permethrin Etofenprox 4 P age

7 SUMMER LARVICIDING SITES Site Description Treatment Interval Control Material Catch Basins Crocks along city streets 2-3 times yearly Methoprene, Bs or Bti Roadside Ditches Borrow ditches along county roads Following flooding rains Methoprene, spinosad or Bti County Drains Large ditches that transfer water to rivers As needed Bti Small Ditches Shallow ditches along residential lawns May-June / after major rains Spinosad or Bti Seepage Runoff Small bodies of water high in organic content Every 10 days as needed Bti or larviciding oil Sewage Lagoons Larger bodies of organic water Every 10 days as needed Bs, larviciding oil or temephos Tires Discarded tires capable of holding water Twice yearly Bs, temephos or Novaluron Containers Barrels, buckets, etc. holding water As needed and encountered Bs, Bti or oil Ponds Permanent pools with some open water As needed (uncommon) Bti Flooded Fields Shallow, temporarily flooded areas Following major rains Bti or larviciding oil Cattail March Cattail marshes and/or brush-covered areas Following major rains Bti or larviciding oil Swamps Permanently-flooded areas with emergent vegetation As needed Bti ULV Adulticiding Evoluer 4-4 (permethrin), Kontrol 4-4 (permethrin) and Zenivex E4 (etofenprox) will be utilized during 2017 ULV adulticide operations. Truck-mounted ULV fogging is conducted evenings during the period of peak mosquito feeding activity as the mosquito population dictates and weather permits. Throughout most of the year this period goes from sunset to midnight, however, spring Aedes species and Aedes vexans are sometimes most active earlier in the evening. During these times, night-time fogging may begin as early as one hour before sunset. A one-mile no-treatment zone is maintained around known honeybee locations until sunset. Pre-designated routes, which provide an estimated 10-day turnaround throughout the county, will be followed. Based on field inspections, landing counts, trap results and disease surveillance, treatment will be concentrated in areas where problems persist and reduced in areas with minimal adult mosquito activity. In compliance with Regulation 637, campgrounds and major parks will be permanently posted informing the public that these sites receive periodic treatment to control mosquitoes. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) maintains a forestry product certification through the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). The FSC maintains a list of prohibited chemicals/pesticides that may not be used on certified forests without a derogation. This list of prohibited pesticides was extensively expanded in 2015 to include all products available on the market for adult mosquito control. Therefore, MCMC in cooperation with MDNR submitted a derogation to the FSC requesting that permethrin be used to control adult mosquitoes on state forest in Midland County. Materials were prepared by MCMC and submitted to MDNR in December The derogation was rejected; therefore, at this time MCMC can no longer control adult mosquitoes on state forest. The FSC does allow for an appeal of their initial decision on the derogation. Appeal materials are being prepared to submit in Day-crew technicians will conduct adulticiding with hand-held thermal foggers in special circumstances during the day. Areas that may be treated in this way include city/county parks, and woodlots around suburban areas. 5 P age

8 SERVICE ACTUAL 2013 ACTUAL 2014 ACTUAL 2015 ACTUAL 2016 PROJ AERIAL LARVICIDE (acres) 52,500 53,466 54,260 57,555 57,325 WOODLAND LARVICIDE (acres) 2,580 3,581 3,185 3,403 3,000 CATCH BASINS 39,427 40,873 35,221 41,661 40,000 TIRES 49,629 39,109 45,748 54,513 25,000 ROADSIDE DITCHES (acres) 1,052 1,022 1, ,500 SMALL DITCHES (acres) PONDS (acres) SEWAGE LAGOONS (acres) SEEP/RUNOFF (ft 2 ) 14,855 14,481 18,785 7,240 15,000 COUNTY DRAINS (acres) FLOODED FIELDS (acres) , ,000 MARSHES/SWAMPS (acres) SCRAP TIRES RECYCLED 2,400 2,100 2,000 1,900 2,400 ADULTICIDING (acres) 712, , , , ,000 Encephalitis Virus Surveillance LABORATORY OPERATIONS Disease Surveillance An active surveillance program increases the chance of early detection of virus activity, allowing the most time possible to develop an appropriate response. Light traps, landing collections and gravid traps will be used to capture adult mosquitoes. VecTOR Test (VecTORTest Systems, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA) field test kits will be used to check Culex, Coquillettidia and other mosquitoes for evidence of West Nile Virus, St. Louis Encephalitis or Eastern Equine Encephalitis. Surveillance for West Nile Virus will also involve collection of reports of dead birds and monitoring of reports from surrounding areas. Results of MCMC surveillance efforts and communication with other agencies will be used in a continuing evaluation of mosquito-borne disease risk as outlined in the Arbovirus Activity Contingency Plan and CDC guidelines. Evaluation of Pesticide Applications Quality Control Continual monitoring is required to evaluate the efficiency of pesticide applications. Monitoring the effectiveness of both liquid and granule Bti. during the spring aerial program remain a high priority. Each seasonal technician's application efficiency with hand-operated equipment will be monitored. Treatment effect will be measured with pre- and post-treatment larval surveys. As of 1 January 2016, it is no longer legal in Michigan to apply temephos to areas that drain into natural bodies of water (e.g. catch basins, ditches). Therefore, MCMC will be evaluating other materials for preflood treatment of ditches. MetaLarv TM S-PT is a methoprene product by Valent BioSciences formulated for extended release. Natular G30 by Clarke is an extended release spinosad product. These two will be evaluated in 2017 for pre-flood ditch application. This evaluation was attempted in 2016 but due to lack of sufficient rainfall, was unable to be conducted. 6 P age

9 Surveillance Adult Surveillance Adult mosquito surveillance is used to guide the selection and timing of control strategies and is used in estimation of disease transmission potential. New Jersey Light Traps will be maintained at seven locations in Midland County. Collections will be picked up three times weekly. CDC traps will be used in areas not covered by New Jersey traps. Additionally, adult landing counts will continue in 2017 by night crew technicians before truck-mounted adulticide activities commence. Human-based surveillance is the most accurate measurement of biting pressure to county residents and thus an important surveillance technique. Larval Surveillance The numbers, species and location of immature mosquitoes also influence the selection and timing of control strategies. Biology and field staff will sample many aquatic sites and samples will be returned to the lab for identification. Major emphasis will be placed on sampling the habitat appropriate to each season, i.e. woodlots in the early spring, followed by grasslands and summer sites. Container habitat will be surveyed as often as possible to monitor the presence and range of container breeding species such as Aedes triseriatus and Aedes japonicus. Research MCMC will be continuing its insecticide resistance monitoring program. Various wild populations of species under insecticide pressure will be surveyed and tested with the CDC bottle assay for resistance phenotypes. If resistance is detected, extra efforts to implement various resistance management techniques will be administered. Technology MCMC continues to look to ways to make operations more efficient and effective. One such way is to incorporate GIS technology into various biology and field operations. Plans are being incorporated to purchase tablet devises with data accessibility that will incorporate the ArcGIS Collector App. This app will allow for precise mapping of data such as larvicide habitat and woodland test pools during the spring larvicide program. SOURCE REDUCTION Midland County recognizes that source reduction is one of the most effective ways to control mosquitoes. Through cooperation with and education of property owners and other agencies, many mosquito breeding sites are eliminated or improved. MCMC will schedule and host two scrap tire drives and will continue to encourage property owners to eliminate scrap tires and other mosquito habitat from the landscape. Funding for these drives was sought through a Michigan Department of Environmental Quality scrap tire removal grant. Mosquito Control will also recommend priority areas for drain work to the Midland County Drain and Road Commissions. COMMUNITY OUTREACH Community outreach is an important part of the MCMC Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) program. Property owners are notified of scheduled treatments with direct mailings, telephone notification of local property owners with special security needs, postings on social media and websites and door-to-door personal contacts. Print and display advertising are purchased throughout the year to notify County residents of control operations and to direct residents' questions and concerns. Presentations are provided to community groups on request. The MCMC website, a special telephone line (832-NEWS) a website and Facebook page provide up-to-date treatment schedule information and news on special events. 7 P age

NORTH SHORE MOSQUITO ABATEMENT DISTRICT. NPDES Permit ILG87 PESTICIDE DISCHARGE MANAGEMENT PLAN (PDMP)

NORTH SHORE MOSQUITO ABATEMENT DISTRICT 117 Northfield Road Northfield, IL 60093 847-446-9434 www.nsmad.com NPDES Permit ILG87 PESTICIDE DISCHARGE MANAGEMENT PLAN (PDMP) PDMP Team Contact/Title Phone Email