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1 Demonstration and Evaluation of Post-top top Photovoltaic LED Luminaires Nicholas Skinner, MS Daniel Frering, LC Jennifer Brons, MS, LC Lighting Research Center Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute t 1

2 Outdoor Lighting g Pros Safety, security, visibility Economic development, community pride, crime prevention Cons Energy use Maintenance costs Light pollution New York State DOT 2

3 Project Background Sullivan Renaissance: Outdoor lighting project goals Help the communities in the county improve nighttime safety and accessibility, develop local economies, and build community ypride Without increased energy use, environmental pollution, and reduced views of the night sky 3

4 Solution o Photovoltaic (PV) Lighting System Design Based on historic post-top fixture Philips Hadco and SolarOne Solutions PV panels integrated like banners LED lighting 50,000 hour expected life Excellent light control and distribution 4

5 Solution o 5

6 Demonstration ato Funding received from NYSERDA through h a competitive solicitation Three sites selected for demonstration Diversity of potential applications and environmental conditions High degree of replicability Installations completed in late 2007 and early 2008 Photo courtesy: C. Emery 6

7 Village of Woodridge, NY Planned to replace the existing electrical wiring along Green Avenue plaza 12 lamp posts installed along a downtown street in the village 7

8 Town of Liberty Swan Lake Park Six lamp posts at Swan Lake Park Positioned along a boardwalk next to a lake 8

9 Bethel Woods Center for the Arts Country road, minimum ambient light Six lamp posts Parking area for the 1969 Woodstock Festival monument ment Phillips HADCO 9

10 Evaluation auato Conducted by the LRC, included: Performance of the systems and components Energy savings Lighting conditions provided Life cycle costs Hours of operation Maintenance Residents opinions of the systems Photo courtesy: C. Emery 10

11 Survey Results All sites Showed similar positive trends Bethel Woods site less positive Less frequent visitors Unfamiliar with site Uneven ground materials 11

12 Comments 12

13 Performance Monitoring Battery-powered light monitoring devices installed at all sites in: Summer June/July 2008 Fall/Winter September 2008 to February

14 Fall/Winter Monitoring Results All units turned on at about the same time Earlier on shortest days of the year 7:45 Typical Nightly Start Time (Fall/Winter) ightly Start Time (PM) N 7:15 6:45 6:15 5:45 5:15 4:45 10/6 10/20 11/311/17 12/1 12/1512/291/12 1/26 Date 2/9 14

15 Fall/Winter Monitoring Results All units operated at full light output for 4-6 hours then stepped down to dimmed state Typical Operating Pattern (as Measured with Battery-Powered Lightlogger) gg Nightly on-time, highest output Relative Light Output Controller reduces output slightly over 4-6 hours Nt Day Nt Day Nt Day Nt Day Nt Time (Day/Night Cycle) After 4-6 hours, light output drops to dim level stays low for the rest of the night Lightlogger sees some light during the daytime: Sunny Cloudy 15

16 Fall/Winter Monitoring Results Some units programmed to return to full light output before dawn Typical Operating Pattern Morning Program (as Measured with Battery-Powered Lightlogger) Some units are programmed to come back to full output at the end of the night Re elative Li ight O utput Nt Day Nt Day Nt Day Nt Day Nt Time (Day/Night Cycle) 16

Frequent switching at night May not have

17 Occupancy cy Sensor Activity ty Two in Bethel Woods parking lot Dim to low level when no occupancy is sensed Typical Night/Day Cycle (October 2008) Results: Frequent switching at night May not have been responding to actual human occupancy False-offs Frequent switching Occupancy Sensor Controlled Luminaire ` Frequent switching Night Day Night 17

18 Fall/Winter a/ Monitoring Results esuts For about a week in November and December: Luminaires turned off prematurely, or didn t turn on at all Possible low voltage disconnect Most of fall/winter, units operated as expected Some units may be staying on after sunrise (terrain?, shading?) 18

19 Photometric Performance Woodridge similar before and after lux horizontal 1-16 lux vertical Residents surveyed rated LED system as bright and safe as previous HPS system Swan Lake 3-20 lux horizontal 1-15 lux vertical Bethel Woods 1-10 lux horizontal 1-9 lux vertical 19

20 Installation ato / Maintenance a Comments Easy to install Some issues A new floodlight impacted operation (one location) Water ingress; housing redesigned Different wiring connectors suggested More robust PV mounting bracket design implemented Photo courtesy: C. Emery 20

21 Energy egycacuato Calculations Save energy by avoiding conventional utility power At Woodridge, actual savings compared to previous system stem Hypothetical savings, compared to no PV and a conventional luminaire 21

22 Life-Cycle e Cost Estimates (10-yr) y) Over twice the cost of conventional system If located further from power, costs would be comparable 22

Conclusions o s Community residents liked

illumination Systems generally operated as

PV-powered LED outdoor lighting system may

grid-connected systems in situations where

23 Conclusions o s Community residents liked the PVpowered ed LED lighting g system Positive feedback on appearance and function Feel that it provides appropriate illumination Systems generally operated as intended during Summer, Fall, and Winter A PV-powered LED outdoor lighting system may present a viable alternative to grid-connected systems in situations where grid-power is either unavailable, or costly to bring to a site 23

24 Acknowledgments e The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority y( (NYSERDA) The Gerry Foundation Sullivan Renaissance SolarOne Solutions Philips Hadco Lighting g Village of Woodridge Town of Liberty Bethel Woods Center for the Arts 24

Publications Demonstration and evaluation of

lighting Solar 2009 Conference, Buffalo/Niagara,

Photovoltaic Pathway Luminaire, October 2009 In

25 Publications Demonstration and evaluation of sustainable, photovoltaic powered LED street lighting Solar 2009 Conference, Buffalo/Niagara, N.Y., May 2009 Field Test DELTA: Post-top Photovoltaic Pathway Luminaire, October 2009 In print On-line Streetlights for Collector Roads, 2010 On-line rpi 25

University City MO Street Lighting Study SUMMARY. Funded by the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant. Authored by.

University City MO Street Lighting Study SUMMARY Funded by the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Authored by Jennifer Wendt April 2011 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION... 4 2. DATA RESULTS...