ALGAE TO BIOFUEL OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
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1 ALGAE TO BIOFUEL OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES Vikram M Pattarkine, PhD CEO / PRINCIPAL (PARTNER) PEACE USA Mechanicsburg, PA 17050
2 PEACE USA Discussion Points Why pursue algae? Algae process challenges Potential solutions Concluding remarks
3 Why Pursue Algae? Fastest growing biomass No adverse impact on environment, food supplies Can grow using Waste gas (CO 2 ) Wastewater Waste land Waste energy PEACE USA
4 PEACE USA Potential of Algae to Replace Petroleum and other Biofuels Petroleum came from algae Highly efficient organism Can contain up to 60% lipids Biomass can be digested for methane Carbon-neutral energy source
5 Process Challenges Must bring together Light CO 2 Nutrients Water Should have the least possible footprint Low-Cost Oil Extraction Energy-Efficient Continuous Production = Renewable Oil Anywhere, Any time PEACE USA
6 PEACE USA Process Challenges How much land? How much water? Let s do the calculations
7 PEACE USA Assumptions Algae biomass concentration = 0.25 kg/m 3 (g/l) Lipid content = 30% Lipid density = 920 kg/m 3 Depth of pond = 0.5 m Harvesting rate = 25%
8 PEACE USA Calculations for 10,000 L/d of algae oil 10,000 L/d = 10 m 3 /d = 2,642 gal/d = 63 barrels/d Therefore, algae biomass required = 10 m 3 /d x 920 kg/m 3 x (100 g biomass / 30 g lipid) = 30,667 kg/d = 30.7 T/d
9 PEACE USA Calculations for 10,000 L/d of algae oil To harvest 25% biomass every day we must maintain 30.7 T/d / 0.25 = 123 T of biomass in the system
10 PEACE USA Calculations for 10,000 L/d of algae oil How much water? (123 T x 1000 kg/t) / (0.25 kg/m 3 ) = 490,000 m 3 of water = 490 ML = 129 MG
11 PEACE USA Calculations for 10,000 L/d of algae oil How large a footprint? 490,000 m 3 of water / 0.5 m depth = 980,000 m 2 = 98 ha = 244 ac Biomass productivity = (30,667 kg/d) / (980,000 m 2 ) = kg/m 2 /d = 31 g/m 2 /d
12 PEACE USA Source:
13 OriginOil s PhotoBioReactor (PBR) Optimized Light Delivery Multiple growth layers Small footprint Low energy Energy-efficient lights Frequency-tuned lights Optimum light absorption for efficient photosynthesis Optimum flashing intervals PEACE USA Courtesy OriginOil Inc
14 Quantum Fracturing OriginOil s method for efficient and rapid delivery of CO 2 and nutrients PEACE USA Courtesy OriginOil Inc
15 Modular/Scalable Growth System PEACE USA Courtesy OriginOil Inc
16 Cascading Production Continuous production - harvest part of new growth - use remaining as seed for new batch No lengthy incubation period for every new batch Periodic harvest of algae oil and mass Cascading Production Example 75% 25% PEACE USA Courtesy OriginOil Inc
17 PEACE USA The Extraction Challenge Algae grow suspended in large volumes of water Need cost-effective and energy-efficient dewatering Must separate lipid from biomass efficiently Need to recycle nutrients and water conserve resources
18 Current Technology Dewatering (<10% moisture) Filtration Centrifugation Spray Drying Lipid Extraction Mechanical (pressing/extrusion) Chemical (solvent extraction) PEACE USA
19 PEACE USA The Extraction Challenge Conventional processing needs dewatering (<10% moisture) before lipid extraction High energy cost for dewatering!
20 Low-Cost Oil Extraction PEACE USA Courtesy OriginOil Inc
21 PEACE USA OriginOil Extraction Process Obviates need for dewatering before lipid extraction Approximately 10 times less energy-intensive than conventional process Enables recycle nutrients and water resources conserved!
22 PEACE USA Potential Solutions to Challenges Optimized Light Delivery Helix Bioreactor Optimized CO 2 and Nutrient Delivery Quantum Fracturing Minimal Installation Footprint Helix Bioreactor
23 PEACE USA Potential Solutions to Challenges Low-Cost Oil Extraction Process Innovation Energy-Efficient Continuous Production Process Innovation = Renewable Oil Anywhere, Any time
24
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26 Concluding Remarks Worldwide market demand for biofuels projected to grow to $81 billion by 2017 (Clean Energy Trends 2008) Algae has the greatest potential High oil content Rapid growth rate Can be converted into liquid fuel and other value added products Breakthrough technology being developed to grow algae efficiently and cost-effectively and convert it into renewable biofuel On the ground floor of a world-changing energy market PEACE USA
27 Concluding Remarks Economics of algae are complex and challenging Current profitability requires: Pursuit of high value co-products Co-location with beneficial site hosts Combine for greatest gain? Pursuit of fuel will require: Continued process optimization at all stages Very strong preferences Petroleum price increases With careful planning, algae biofuel can be viable PEACE USA
28 THANK YOU! QUESTIONS? COMMENTS? PEACE USA
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